What are Acidic, Basic and pH?

1. Acidic:

• Definition: Refers to substances with a pH lower than 7. Acidic substances release hydrogen ions (H⁺) in water, exhibiting acidic properties. Examples: Hydrochloric acid (HCl), sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄).

2. Basic:

• Definition: Refers to substances with a pH higher than 7. These substances release hydroxide ions (OH⁻) in water and can neutralize acids. Examples: Ammonia (NH₃), sodium hydroxide (NaOH).

3. pH:

• Definition: A scale used to measure the acidity or basicity of a solution. A pH of 7 is neutral, less than 7 is acidic, and greater than 7 is basic.

Acidic (Asidik), Basic (Bazik), and pH are fundamental concepts in chemistry that describe the nature of solutions in terms of their acidity or alkalinity.

1. Acidic (Asidik):

• Definition: A substance or solution is considered acidic if it has a pH value of less than 7. Acids are compounds that can donate hydrogen ions (H⁺) or protons when dissolved in water.
• Characteristics:
  • Sour taste (e.g., lemon juice, vinegar).
  • Corrosive to metals (e.g., hydrochloric acid can corrode metals).
  • Turns blue litmus paper red.
  • Examples of acidic substances: Hydrochloric acid (HCl), Sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄), and Acetic acid (CH₃COOH).

2. Basic (Bazik):

• Definition: A substance or solution is considered basic (or alkaline) if it has a pH value greater than 7. Bases are compounds that can accept hydrogen ions (H⁺) or donate hydroxide ions (OH⁻) when dissolved in water.
• Characteristics:
  • Bitter taste and slippery feel (e.g., soap).
  • Can neutralize acids to form water and salt.
  • Turns red litmus paper blue.
  • Examples of basic substances: Sodium hydroxide (NaOH), Ammonia (NH₃), and Calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)₂).

3. pH:

• Definition: pH is a measure of the acidity or alkalinity of a solution. It is a scale that ranges from 0 to 14, where:
  • pH 7 is considered neutral, meaning the solution is neither acidic nor basic (e.g., pure water).
  • pH values less than 7 indicate acidic solutions.
  • pH values greater than 7 indicate basic (or alkaline) solutions.
• Formula: pH is calculated using the concentration of hydrogen ions (H⁺) in a solution: pH=−log⁡[H+]\text{pH} = -\log[\text{H}^+]pH=−log[H+]
• Neutral Solution: A solution with a pH of 7 is neutral, meaning the concentration of hydrogen ions (H⁺) is equal to the concentration of hydroxide ions (OH⁻).

Summary:

• Acidic (Asidik): pH < 7, donates hydrogen ions (H⁺).
• Basic (Bazik): pH > 7, accepts hydrogen ions (H⁺) or donates hydroxide ions (OH⁻).
• pH: A scale (0 to 14) used to measure the acidity or alkalinity of a solution.