What are the methods used to detect carcinogens?

There are various methods used to detect carcinogens. Here are some common methods:

In Vivo Tests: These are tests performed on living animals. These tests are used to determine whether a substance is carcinogenic.

In Vitro Tests: These are tests performed in a laboratory environment using cell cultures or other biological systems. These methods are ethically preferred because they do not require the use of animals.

Epidemiological Studies: These are observational studies performed on human populations. These studies are used to determine whether a particular substance causes cancer.

QSAR (Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship) Models: These are computer models that predict the carcinogenic potential of chemical substances based on their structural properties.

Genotoxicity Tests: These are tests performed to determine whether a substance damages DNA. Genotoxic substances are usually carcinogenic.

These methods are critical to the safe use and management of chemicals.