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Send EmailZinc Sulfate, Zinc Sulfate Monohydrate, Hexahydrate, Pentahydrate, Zinc Sulphate Anhydrous, Zinc Vitriol, 7733-02-0
ZINC SULFATE (ZnSO₄)
Zinc Vitriol / White Vitriol / Sulfuric Acid Zinc Salt
CAS Number: 7733-02-0 (Anhydrous)
EC Number: 231-793-3
1. IDENTIFICATION
| Property | Information |
|---|---|
| Chemical Name | Zinc Sulfate |
| Synonyms | Zinc vitriol, White vitriol, Sulfuric acid zinc salt, Zinc(II) sulfate |
| Chemical Formula | ZnSO₄ |
| Molecular Weight | 161.47 g/mol |
| CAS Number (Anhydrous) | 7733-02-0 |
| EC Number (EINECS) | 231-793-3 |
| HS Code | 2833.29 |
| Appearance | White crystalline powder or colorless crystals |
| Odor | Odorless |
2. FORMS OF ZINC SULFATE
| Form | Formula | CAS Number | Molecular Weight | Zn Content | Appearance |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Anhydrous | ZnSO₄ | 7733-02-0 | 161.47 g/mol | ~40.5% | White powder |
| Monohydrate | ZnSO₄·H₂O | 7446-19-7 | 179.47 g/mol | ~36.5% | White crystalline powder |
| Hexahydrate | ZnSO₄·6H₂O | 13986-24-8 | 269.56 g/mol | ~24.3% | White crystals |
| Heptahydrate | ZnSO₄·7H₂O | 7446-20-0 | 287.56 g/mol | ~22.7% | White crystals |
3. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
| Property | Anhydrous | Monohydrate | Heptahydrate |
|---|---|---|---|
| Physical State (20°C) | Solid (powder) | Solid (crystalline powder) | Solid (crystals) |
| Appearance | White to colorless powder | White crystalline powder | White crystals |
| Molecular Weight | 161.47 g/mol | 179.47 g/mol | 287.56 g/mol |
| Density (20°C) | ~3.8 g/cm³ | 3.54 g/cm³ | 1.96 g/cm³ |
| Melting Point | ~680 °C (decomposes) | 100 °C (loses H₂O) | 100 °C (loses H₂O) |
| Boiling Point | Decomposes | Decomposes | Decomposes |
| Solubility in Water (20°C) | ~101 g/100 mL | ~54 g/100 mL | ~96 g/100 mL |
| Solubility in Alcohol | Insoluble | Insoluble | Insoluble |
| pH (5% solution) | 4.0 – 6.0 | 4.0 – 6.0 | 4.0 – 6.0 |
| Hygroscopicity | High | Slight | Moderate (efflorescent) |
4. CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
| Property | Information |
|---|---|
| Chemical Formula | ZnSO₄ |
| Molecular Weight | 161.47 g/mol |
| Zinc Content (Anhydrous) | ~40.5% Zn |
| Sulfate Content | ~59.5% SO₄ |
| Oxidation State | Zn(II) |
| Stability | Stable under normal conditions |
| Thermal Decomposition | ZnSO₄ + Heat → ZnO + SO₂↑ + SO₃↑ (above 680°C) |
| Hygroscopicity | Anhydrous form is highly hygroscopic |
| Incompatible Materials | Strong bases (precipitates Zn(OH)₂), strong oxidizing agents |
Decomposition Reaction:
ZnSO₄ + Heat → ZnO + SO₂↑ + SO₃↑ (above 680°C)
Hydration/Dehydration:
ZnSO₄ (anhydrous) + H₂O → ZnSO₄·H₂O (monohydrate)
ZnSO₄·H₂O + 6 H₂O → ZnSO₄·7H₂O (heptahydrate)
5. APPLICATIONS
5.1. Agriculture (Micronutrient Fertilizer) – Primary Use
| Application | Function |
|---|---|
| Micronutrient Fertilizer | Provides zinc for plant growth |
| Soil Application | Corrects zinc deficiency in soils (especially wheat, potatoes, corn) |
| Foliar Spray | Rapid correction of deficiency symptoms |
| Fertilizer Blending | Component of NPK fertilizers |
| Chelated Zinc Production | Raw material for EDTA-Zn and other chelates |
Zinc Deficiency Symptoms in Plants:
-
Stunted growth
-
Interveinal chlorosis
-
"Little leaf" syndrome
-
Reduced yield
5.2. Animal Feed (Micronutrient Supplement)
| Application | Function |
|---|---|
| Feed Additive | Provides essential zinc for animal health |
| Reproduction | Critical for reproductive health |
| Hoof Health | Supports hoof integrity in livestock |
| Lactation | Supports milk production |
| Immune Function | Essential for immune system |
5.3. Chemical Industry
| Application | Function |
|---|---|
| Flotation Processes | Froth flotation in mineral processing |
| Chemical Synthesis | Raw material for zinc compounds |
| Wood Pulp Bleaching | Modified with thiourea dioxide |
| Catalyst | Catalyst in organic synthesis |
| Electrolyte | In zinc plating and electroplating baths |
5.4. Pharmaceutical Industry
| Application | Function |
|---|---|
| Active Ingredient | Monohydrate form in some medications |
| Wound Healing | Supports wound healing and tissue repair |
| Metabolism Support | Essential for metabolic processes |
| Zinc Supplements | Oral zinc tablets and capsules |
5.5. Wood Preservation
| Application | Function |
|---|---|
| Chromated Zinc Sulfate | Impregnation against termites and fungal attack |
| Wood Treatment | Protects wood from decay |
5.6. Water Treatment
| Application | Function |
|---|---|
| Coagulant Aid | Helps remove suspended solids |
| Phosphate Removal | Precipitates phosphates |
| Corrosion Inhibitor | In some cooling water formulations |
5.7. Food Supplements
| Application | Function |
|---|---|
| Zinc Fortification | Modified with zinc gluconate or direct micronutrient source |
| Dietary Supplements | Oral zinc supplements |
5.8. Veterinary Medicine
| Application | Function |
|---|---|
| Foot Rot Treatment | Zinc sulfate solutions with iodine or quaternary ammonium antiseptics |
6. SECTORAL SUITABILITY
| Sector | Suitability | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Agriculture | High | Fertilizer, zinc deficiency correction |
| Animal Feed | High | Feed additive, hoof health |
| Chemical Industry | High | Flotation, synthesis, bleaching |
| Pharmaceutical | High | Active ingredient, metabolism support |
| Wood Preservation | High | Termite and fungal protection |
| Water Treatment | High | Treatment processes |
| Food / Cosmetics | Not suitable | Direct use prohibited; only as supplement |
| Veterinary | High | Foot rot treatment |
7. QUALITY SPECIFICATIONS (TYPICAL)
| Parameter | Fertilizer Grade | Feed Grade | Technical Grade | High Purity |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Purity (ZnSO₄) | ≥ 98.0% | ≥ 98.0% | ≥ 99.0% | ≥ 99.63% |
| Zinc (Zn) Content | ≥ 35.0% | ≥ 35.0% | ≥ 35.5% | ≥ 36.0% |
| Chlorides (Cl) | ≤ 0.05% | ≤ 0.05% | ≤ 0.02% | ≤ 0.01% |
| Iron (Fe) | ≤ 0.01% | ≤ 0.01% | ≤ 0.005% | ≤ 0.002% |
| Lead (Pb) | ≤ 0.005% | ≤ 0.002% | ≤ 0.001% | ≤ 0.0005% |
| Arsenic (As) | ≤ 0.0005% | ≤ 0.0005% | ≤ 0.0002% | ≤ 0.0001% |
| Cadmium (Cd) | ≤ 0.001% | ≤ 0.001% | ≤ 0.0005% | ≤ 0.0002% |
| Mercury (Hg) | – | ≤ 0.0001% | – | – |
| Water Insolubles | ≤ 0.05% | ≤ 0.05% | ≤ 0.02% | ≤ 0.01% |
| pH (5% solution) | 4.0 – 6.0 | 4.0 – 6.0 | 4.0 – 6.0 | 4.0 – 6.0 |
8. STORAGE & HANDLING
| Parameter | Information |
|---|---|
| Storage Conditions | Cool, dry, well-ventilated area |
| Container Requirements | Tightly closed, moisture-proof containers (HDPE, lined drums, plastic bags) |
| Protect From | Moisture, strong bases, strong oxidizing agents |
| Shelf Life | 12-24 months (when stored properly in unopened packaging) |
| Hygroscopicity | Anhydrous form is highly hygroscopic; hydrates are less sensitive |
| Incompatible Materials | Strong bases (precipitates Zn(OH)₂), strong oxidizing agents |
| Packaging Options | 25 kg bags, 50 kg drums, 1000 kg IBC, 500 kg/1000 kg FIBC (big bags) |
9. SAFETY & HEALTH INFORMATION
GHS Classification
| Hazard Class | Category |
|---|---|
| Acute Toxicity (Oral) | Category 4 (H302) |
| Serious Eye Damage | Category 1 (H318) |
| Skin Irritation | Category 2 (H315) |
| Chronic Aquatic Toxicity | Category 1 (H410) |
Hazard Statements (H-Codes)
| Code | Statement |
|---|---|
| H302 | Harmful if swallowed |
| H315 | Causes skin irritation |
| H318 | Causes serious eye damage |
| H410 | Very toxic to aquatic life with long-lasting effects |
Precautionary Statements (P-Codes)
| Code | Statement |
|---|---|
| P261 | Avoid breathing dust |
| P264 | Wash thoroughly after handling |
| P270 | Do not eat, drink or smoke when using this product |
| P280 | Wear protective gloves, eye protection, face protection |
| P301+P312 | IF SWALLOWED: Call a POISON CENTER if you feel unwell |
| P302+P352 | IF ON SKIN: Wash with plenty of water |
| P305+P351+P338 | IF IN EYES: Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes |
Toxicological Information
| Parameter | Value |
|---|---|
| Oral LD50 (rat) | ~1,000 – 2,000 mg/kg (moderate toxicity) |
| Dermal LD50 (rabbit) | > 2,000 mg/kg |
| Skin Irritation | Moderate irritant |
| Eye Irritation | Severe irritant (causes serious damage) |
Health Effects:
-
Acute (Ingestion): Nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhea
-
Acute (Inhalation): Respiratory tract irritation
-
Eyes: Causes serious eye damage
First Aid Measures
| Exposure Route | Action |
|---|---|
| Inhalation | Remove to fresh air. Seek medical attention if respiratory irritation occurs. |
| Skin Contact | Wash with plenty of water and soap for at least 15 minutes. Remove contaminated clothing. |
| Eye Contact | Rinse immediately with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes. Seek immediate medical attention. |
| Ingestion | Do NOT induce vomiting. Rinse mouth. Drink water. Seek immediate medical attention. |
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
| Equipment | Recommendation |
|---|---|
| Respiratory Protection | Dust mask (N95) when handling powder |
| Hand Protection | Chemical-resistant gloves (nitrile) |
| Eye Protection | Safety goggles + face shield |
| Body Protection | Lab coat or protective clothing |
10. ENVIRONMENTAL INFORMATION
| Parameter | Information |
|---|---|
| Aquatic Toxicity | Very toxic to aquatic life with long-lasting effects (H410) |
| Biodegradability | Not applicable (inorganic) |
| Bioaccumulation | Moderate potential |
| Persistence | Inorganic – does not degrade |
| Waste Disposal | Dispose according to local regulations. Do not discharge into natural water bodies. |
11. TRANSPORT INFORMATION
| Parameter | Information |
|---|---|
| UN Number | 3077 (Environmentally hazardous substance, solid, n.o.s.) |
| Hazard Class | 9 (Miscellaneous dangerous goods) |
| Packing Group | III |
| Proper Shipping Name | ENVIRONMENTALLY HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE, SOLID, N.O.S. (Zinc sulfate) |
| Marine Pollutant | Yes |
| ADR/RID Label | 9 + "Environmentally Hazardous" |
12. REGULATORY INFORMATION
| Region | Status |
|---|---|
| EU | REACH registered; approved as feed additive |
| Turkey (KKDIK) | Mandatory compliance; requires registration |
| USA (TSCA) | Listed |
| Canada (DSL) | Listed |
| Australia (AICS) | Listed |
| FDA | Approved as zinc source in dietary supplements |
| Fertilizer Regulations | Approved as micronutrient in many countries |
| Feed Regulations | Approved as trace mineral in animal feed |
13. COMPARISON OF ZINC SULFATE FORMS
| Property | Anhydrous | Monohydrate | Heptahydrate |
|---|---|---|---|
| Formula | ZnSO₄ | ZnSO₄·H₂O | ZnSO₄·7H₂O |
| CAS | 7733-02-0 | 7446-19-7 | 7446-20-0 |
| Zn Content | ~40.5% | ~36.5% | ~22.7% |
| Cost per kg Zn | Lowest | Medium | Highest |
| Hygroscopicity | High | Low | Moderate (efflorescent) |
| Handling | Requires dry conditions | Free-flowing | May cake |
| Primary Use | Specialty, lab | Agriculture, feed | Laboratory |
14. SYNONYMS & OTHER NAMES
| Turkish Name | English Name |
|---|---|
| Çinko Sülfat | Zinc Sulfate |
| Çinko Vitriyol | Zinc Vitriol |
| Beyaz Kezzap | White Vitriol |
| Sülfürik Asit Çinko Tuzu | Sulfuric Acid Zinc Salt |
| Çinko Sülfat Monohidrat | Zinc Sulfate Monohydrate |
Database Identifiers:
-
CAS (Anhydrous): 7733-02-0
-
CAS (Monohydrate): 7446-19-7
-
CAS (Heptahydrate): 7446-20-0
-
EC: 231-793-3
-
MDL: MFCD00011303
-
PubChem CID: 24424 (anhydrous)
-
RTECS: ZH5300000
15. SUMMARY
Zinc Sulfate (ZnSO₄, CAS 7733-02-0) is a white crystalline powder, highly soluble in water, and slightly acidic. It exists in several hydrate forms, with the anhydrous form having the highest zinc content (~40.5%). It is widely used in agriculture as a micronutrient fertilizer, in animal feed as a zinc supplement, and in various industrial applications.
Key Features:
| Feature | Anhydrous | Monohydrate | Heptahydrate |
|---|---|---|---|
| Appearance | White powder | White crystalline powder | White crystals |
| Zn Content | ~40.5% | ~36.5% | ~22.7% |
| Solubility (20°C) | ~101 g/100 mL | ~54 g/100 mL | ~96 g/100 mL |
| Hygroscopicity | High | Low | Moderate |
Main Application Areas:
| Sector | Applications |
|---|---|
| Agriculture | Micronutrient fertilizer (soil, foliar) |
| Animal Feed | Trace mineral supplement |
| Chemical Industry | Flotation, synthesis, bleaching |
| Pharmaceutical | Active ingredient, zinc supplements |
| Wood Preservation | Termite and fungal protection |
| Water Treatment | Coagulant aid, phosphate removal |
| Veterinary | Foot rot treatment |
Key Safety Points:
-
HARMFUL – If swallowed
-
EYE DAMAGE – Causes serious eye damage
-
ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARD – Very toxic to aquatic life
-
SKIN IRRITANT – Causes skin irritation
-
HANDLE WITH PPE – Use gloves, goggles, dust mask
16. IMPORTANT NOTES
-
Anhydrous Form is Highly Hygroscopic: The anhydrous form (CAS 7733-02-0) absorbs moisture rapidly from air, converting to monohydrate or heptahydrate. For applications requiring precise stoichiometry, use fresh material or store under dry conditions.
-
Most Common Commercial Form: The monohydrate (CAS 7446-19-7) is the most commercially important form for agriculture and animal feed due to its good balance of zinc content, handling properties, and storage stability.
-
Zinc Deficiency in Agriculture: Zinc deficiency is common in calcareous (alkaline) soils, sandy soils, and soils with high phosphorus. Crops most sensitive to zinc deficiency include corn, wheat, rice, potatoes, and beans.
-
Foliar vs Soil Application: Foliar spray is more effective for rapid correction of zinc deficiency in growing plants. Soil application is best for long-term maintenance (pre-planting or with fertilizer blends). Monohydrate is preferred for foliar application.
-
Animal Feed Importance: Zinc is essential for animal health – immune function, skin and hoof integrity, growth, reproduction, and lactation. Zinc sulfate is a common source of zinc in premixes and complete feeds.
-
Thermal Decomposition: Above 680°C, zinc sulfate decomposes to zinc oxide (ZnO) and releases toxic sulfur dioxide (SO₂) and sulfur trioxide (SO₃) gases.
-
Eye Hazard: Zinc sulfate causes serious eye damage. Always wear goggles or face shield when handling powder. If eye contact occurs, rinse immediately with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes and seek medical attention.
-
Environmental Concerns: Zinc sulfate is very toxic to aquatic life. Spills should be contained and cleaned up immediately. Do not wash into drains or natural water bodies.
-
Hydrate Selection for Applications:
-
Anhydrous: Laboratory, high-purity applications where water content must be minimized
-
Monohydrate: Agriculture (fertilizer, foliar spray), animal feed (most common)
-
Heptahydrate: Laboratory, specialty applications requiring high solubility
-
-
Quality Grades:
-
Fertilizer Grade: Minimum 98% purity, lower heavy metal limits
-
Feed Grade: Stricter heavy metal limits (especially Pb, As, Cd, Hg)
-
Technical Grade: Highest purity (>99%) for industrial applications
-
High Purity (≥99.63%): For pharmaceutical and specialty applications
-
Important Disclaimer: This Technical Data Sheet (TDS) is for informational purposes only. For complete safety, handling, storage, and regulatory compliance information, always refer to the official Safety Data Sheet (SDS) provided by the manufacturer/supplier.
