Lithium Nitrate, Lithium Nitrate Anhydrous, 7790-69-4

LITHIUM NITRATE (LiNO₃)

PRODUCT IDENTIFICATION INFORMATION

CHEMICAL STRUCTURE

        O
        ||
    Li⁺ — O—N=O
             |
             O⁻

    Lithium Nitrate (LiNO₃)
    Ionic Structure

Molecular Formula: LiNO₃
SMILES: [Li+].N+([O-])[O-]
InChI: InChI=1S/Li.NO3/c;2-1(3)4/q+1;-1
Crystal System: Trigonal (Rhombohedral)

SECTION 1: CHEMICAL IDENTITY AND DEFINITION

SECTION 2: PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

SECTION 3: CHEMICAL PROPERTIES AND REACTIVITY

SECTION 4: COMPARISON OF LITHIUM COMPOUNDS

SECTION 5: PRODUCTION METHODS

Method 1: Reaction of Lithium Carbonate with Nitric Acid (Most Common Method)

• Reaction: Li₂CO₃ + 2HNO₃ → 2LiNO₃ + H₂O + CO₂

• Description: Lithium carbonate is reacted with nitric acid; Lithium nitrate, water, and carbon dioxide are formed; Evaporation and crystallization yield the product; Most common industrial production method

Method 2: Neutralization of Lithium Hydroxide with Nitric Acid

• Reaction: LiOH + HNO₃ → LiNO₃ + H₂O

• Description: Lithium hydroxide is neutralized with nitric acid; Lithium nitrate and water are formed; Evaporation and crystallization yield the product

Method 3: Metathesis Reaction of Lithium Chloride with Silver Nitrate

• Reaction: LiCl + AgNO₃ → LiNO₃ + AgCl

• Description: Lithium chloride is reacted with silver nitrate; Lithium nitrate and silver chloride precipitate are formed; Purification yields the product (laboratory scale)

Method 4: Reaction of Lithium Sulfate with Calcium Nitrate

• Reaction: Li₂SO₄ + Ca(NO₃)₂ → 2LiNO₃ + CaSO₄

• Description: Lithium sulfate is reacted with calcium nitrate; Lithium nitrate and calcium sulfate precipitate are formed; Purification yields the product

SECTION 6: FUNCTIONAL PROPERTIES AND MECHANISM OF ACTION

SECTION 7: MAIN APPLICATION AREAS

SECTION 8: QUALITY SPECIFICATIONS (TECHNICAL GRADE)

SECTION 9: TOXICOLOGICAL PROFILE

SECTION 10: GHS CLASSIFICATION AND LABELING

GHS Classification (Compliant with CLP and UN GHS):

Signal Word: DANGER

Hazard Pictograms: GHS03 (Flame Over Circle), GHS07 (Exclamation Mark)

Hazard Statements (H-Codes):

NFPA 704 Hazard Classification:

SECTION 11: PRECAUTIONARY STATEMENTS (P-CODES)

SECTION 12: FIRST AID MEASURES

SECTION 13: FIREFIGHTING MEASURES

SECTION 14: STORAGE AND SHELF LIFE

SECTION 15: PACKAGING OPTIONS

SECTION 16: TRANSPORT INFORMATION

SECTION 17: REGULATORY STATUS

SECTION 18: OTHER NAMES AND SYNONYMS

SECTION 19: SUMMARY TABLE

SECTION 20: CRITICAL WARNINGS AND BEST PRACTICES

CRITICAL WARNINGS:

• May intensify fire; Oxidizer (H272). Keep away from combustible materials.

• Harmful if swallowed (H302). Avoid ingestion.

• Causes skin irritation (H315). Avoid skin contact.

• Causes serious eye irritation (H319). Use eye protection.

• May cause respiratory irritation (H335). Avoid inhalation of dust.

• Strong oxidizer. Avoid contact with reducing agents, organic materials, metal powders, phosphorus, and sulfur.

• Releases toxic NO₂ gas when heated. Ensure adequate ventilation.

• Slightly hygroscopic. Protect from moisture.

• Non-combustible but may intensify fire. Take appropriate firefighting precautions.

• Thermal decomposition: Decomposes above 255°C; Releases NO₂ and O₂.

BEST PRACTICE RECOMMENDATIONS:

• Battery Industry: Use as electrolyte additive in nickel batteries and lithium-ion batteries; Improves battery performance; Requires high purity; Protect from moisture.

• Ceramic and Metal Coloring: Use as colorant in ceramic glazes; Provides metal surface coloring; Used in high-temperature applications.

• Thermal Energy Storage: Use as molten salt in solar power plants; Provides high heat capacity; Requires high purity.

• Pyrotechnics: Use as oxidizer in fireworks and signal flares; Avoid contact with combustible materials.

• Handling: Use in well-ventilated areas or under fume hoods; Avoid dust generation; Wear protective gloves, safety goggles, and appropriate respiratory protection.

• Personal Protective Equipment: Protective gloves (nitrile, neoprene), safety goggles, protective clothing, NIOSH-approved dust mask.

• Hygiene: Wash hands thoroughly after handling; Do not eat, drink, or smoke when using.

• Storage: Store in tightly closed containers in dry conditions; Store separately from combustible and reducing materials; Protect from moisture.

• Spill Response: Avoid dust generation; Vacuum or sweep; Place in closed containers; Avoid contact with combustible materials.

• Disposal: Dispose of in accordance with local, regional, and national regulations; Do not discharge into sewers or water sources.

SPECIAL NOTE ON THERMAL DECOMPOSITION:

Lithium nitrate decomposes upon heating:

• Reaction: 2LiNO₃ → Li₂O + 2NO₂ + ½O₂ (above 255°C)

• NO₂ Gas: Toxic, reddish-brown gas

• Oxygen Release: May intensify fire

• Precaution: Controlled heating; Adequate ventilation; Keep away from combustible materials

SPECIAL NOTE ON OXIDIZING PROPERTY:

Lithium nitrate is a strong oxidizer:

• Reactivity: Violent reaction with reducing agents

• Fire Risk: Fire/explosion risk in contact with combustible materials

• Precaution: Keep away from combustible materials; Store separately; Use appropriate PPE

LEGAL DISCLAIMER:

The information provided in this document is based on our current knowledge and experience and is presented in good faith. However, as all conditions of use are beyond our control, this document does not constitute a binding specification or warranty. This Technical Data Sheet is for informational purposes only. Users are responsible for testing suitability for their own applications. For complete safety, storage, handling, transportation, waste, and regulatory compliance information, please refer to the official Safety Data Sheet (SDS/MSDS) provided by the manufacturer/supplier.