LITHIUM IODIDE – LİTHIUM IODIDE

1. CHEMICAL IDENTITY AND DEFINITION

Parameter	Information
Chemical Name (IUPAC)	Lithium iodide
Other Names	Lithium Monoiodide, Lithium Iodide Anhydrous, Lithium (I) Iodide
Chemical Formula	LiI
Molecular Weight	133.85 g/mol
CAS Number	10377-51-2
EC Number (EINECS)	233-822-5
Chemical Class	Inorganic salt (metal halide)
Appearance	White crystalline solid
Odor	Odorless
Physical State (20°C)	Solid (crystalline)

2. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES

Property	Value
Appearance	White crystalline solid
Chemical Formula	LiI
Molecular Weight	133.85 g/mol
Density (Anhydrous)	4.076 g/cm³
Density (Trihydrate)	3.494 g/cm³
Melting Point	469 °C
Boiling Point	1,171 °C
Solubility in Water	Very high (freely soluble)
Solubility in Ethanol	High
Solubility in Propanol	High
Solubility in Ethanediol	High
Solubility in Ammonia	High
Refractive Index	~1.955
Crystal Structure	Cubic (NaCl type)

3. CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

Property	Information
Chemical Formula	LiI
Molecular Weight	133.85 g/mol
CAS Number	10377-51-2
EC Number	233-822-5
Chemical Class	Inorganic salt (metal halide)
Melting Point	469 °C
Boiling Point	1,171 °C
Solubility in Water	Very high (~1,500 g/L at 20°C)
Solubility in Organic Solvents	High (ethanol, propanol, glycol, ammonia)
Stability	Hygroscopic; decomposes in light/air
Hygroscopicity	Very high (deliquescent)
Oxidation State	+1 (lithium), -1 (iodide)

4. CRYSTALLINE FORMS

Form	Formula	Density	Description
Anhydrous	LiI	4.076 g/cm³	White crystalline solid
Monohydrate	LiI·H₂O	-	Hydrated form
Trihydrate	LiI·3H₂O	3.494 g/cm³	Common commercial form

5. CHEMICAL STRUCTURE

    Li⁺  I⁻
    
    Ionic crystal structure:
    - Cubic (NaCl-type) crystal lattice
    - Each Li⁺ ion surrounded by 6 I⁻ ions
    - Each I⁻ ion surrounded by 6 Li⁺ ions

Crystal Structure:

        I⁻
       /  \
      /    \
    Li⁺    Li⁺
      \    /
       \  /
        I⁻
        
    (Simple ionic representation - NaCl-type cubic structure)

6. HYDRATION STATES

Parameter	Information
Anhydrous	LiI (no water molecules)
Monohydrate	LiI·H₂O (one water molecule)
Trihydrate	LiI·3H₂O (three water molecules)
Deliquescence	Absorbs moisture from air, forms hydrate

7. PRODUCTION METHODS

7.1. Neutralization Method (Most Common)

Method	Description
Reaction with LiOH	LiOH + HI → LiI + H₂O
Reaction with Li₂CO₃	Li₂CO₃ + 2HI → 2LiI + H₂O + CO₂
Advantages	Simple, low cost
Disadvantages	HI is chemically unstable, produces toxic iodine vapors

7.2. Alternative Methods

Method	Description
Electrodialysis Metathesis	More environmentally friendly method
Ion Exchange	Alternative purification method
Direct Synthesis	2Li + I₂ → 2LiI

8. MECHANISM OF ACTION (BATTERY ELECTROLYTE)

Step	Description
1	Lithium iodide dissociates into Li⁺ and I⁻ ions
2	Ions move through solid electrolyte
3	Li⁺ ions conduct electrical charge
4	High ionic conductivity due to defect structure
5	Stable at high temperatures
6	Enables solid-state battery operation

9. APPLICATIONS

9.1. Batteries and Electronics

Application	Description
High-Temperature Batteries	Solid-state electrolyte for high-temperature batteries
Artificial Pacemakers	Solid electrolyte in cardiac pacemaker batteries
Solid-State Electrolytes	Ionic conductor in solid-state lithium batteries
Lithium-Ion Batteries	Additive for electrolyte formulations

9.2. Neutron Detection

Application	Description
Neutron Scintillation	Used as phosphor for neutron detection
Radiation Detection	Scintillation crystals for neutron spectroscopy
Medical Imaging	Neutron detection in medical applications

9.3. Organic Synthesis

Application	Description
C-O Bond Cleavage	Conversion of methyl esters to carboxylic acids
Demethylation	Used for selective demethylation of aromatic methyl ethers
Nucleophilic Reactions	Iodide source for various organic transformations
Catalysis	Catalyst in certain organic reactions

9.4. Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells (DSSC)

Application	Description
Electrolyte Component	Redox electrolyte in dye-sensitized solar cells
Iodide/Triiodide Redox	I⁻/I₃⁻ redox couple for charge transport
Photovoltaic Applications	Enhances solar cell efficiency

9.5. Medical Applications

Application	Description
Radiocontrast Agent	Previously used for CT scans
Status	Discontinued due to nephrotoxicity (kidney toxicity)

10. OTHER APPLICATIONS

Application	Description
Catalysis	Catalyst in organic and inorganic reactions
Battery Research	Research electrolyte materials
Chemical Synthesis	Iodide source in chemical manufacturing
Photography	Used in some photographic emulsions
Lithium Extraction	Used in lithium refining processes

11. SOLUBILITY TABLE

Solvent	Solubility (20°C)	Rating
Water	~1,500 g/L	Very high
Ethanol	~400 g/L	High
Propanol	High	High
Ethanediol	High	High
Ammonia	High	High
Acetone	Moderate	Moderate
Ether	Low	Low

12. SAFETY AND TOXICOLOGY

Parameter	Value
Oral LD50 (Rat)	~1,000 - 2,000 mg/kg (estimated)
Skin Irritation	May cause irritation
Eye Irritation	May cause severe irritation
Inhalation	May cause respiratory tract irritation
Carcinogenicity	Not classified as carcinogenic
Mutagenicity	Not classified as mutagenic
Reproductive Toxicity	No evidence of adverse effects
Nephrotoxicity	Kidney toxicity (radiocontrast use discontinued)

13. SIDE EFFECTS AND PRECAUTIONS

Condition	Description
Kidney Toxicity	High doses may cause nephrotoxicity
Skin Contact	May cause irritation; use protective gloves
Eye Contact	May cause severe irritation; use safety goggles
Inhalation	May cause respiratory irritation; use dust mask
Ingestion	May be toxic; seek medical attention
Light Sensitivity	Decomposes in light; store in dark

14. HANDLING AND STORAGE

Parameter	Information
Storage Temperature	15-25°C (cool, ambient temperature)
Storage Conditions	Cool, dry, well-ventilated area
Container Requirements	Tightly closed, light-protected, original packaging
Protect From	Moisture, light, strong acids, strong oxidizing agents
Shelf Life	12-24 months (in unopened original packaging)
Hygroscopicity	Very high (deliquescent); must be stored in airtight containers
Handling Precautions	Use in inert atmosphere; avoid moisture exposure

15. DECOMPOSITION AND BYPRODUCTS

Condition	Decomposition Products
Light Exposure	Iodine (I₂) - forms brown discoloration
Moisture Exposure	Dissolves (deliquesces) to form LiI solution
High Temperature	LiI → Li + I₂ (thermal decomposition)
Air Exposure	May oxidize to form iodine

16. PACKAGING OPTIONS

Packaging Type	Quantity	Material
Aluminum Foil Bag	1-5 kg	Laminated aluminum
Plastic Bottle	100-500 g	HDPE with desiccant
Plastic Bucket	5-25 kg	HDPE
Steel Drum	50-100 kg	Steel with liner
Plastic Bag	1-5 kg	PE/LDPE

17. TRANSPORT INFORMATION

Parameter	Information
UN Number	Not regulated (depending on quantity)
Hazard Class	Not applicable
Packing Group	Not applicable
ADR/RID	Not regulated
IMDG Code	Not regulated
IATA (Air)	Not regulated
Marine Pollutant	No

18. REGULATORY STATUS

Region / Authority	Status
European Union (REACH)	Registered substance
USA (EPA TSCA)	Listed on TSCA inventory
China	Listed on inventory
Japan (CSCL)	Listed on CSCL inventory

19. OTHER NAMES AND SYNONYMS

Type	Name
Turkish Names	Lityum İyodür, Lityum Monoiyodür, Lityum İyodür Anhidrat
English Names	Lithium Iodide, Lithium Monoiodide, Lithium Iodide Anhydrous
Chemical Names	Lithium (I) Iodide
CAS Number	10377-51-2
EC Number	233-822-5

20. SUMMARY AND CRITICAL WARNINGS

Product Summary

Parameter	Value
Product	Lithium Iodide (Anhydrous)
CAS Number	10377-51-2
Formula	LiI
Molecular Weight	133.85 g/mol
Appearance	White crystalline solid
Density	4.076 g/cm³
Melting Point	469 °C
Boiling Point	1,171 °C
Primary Function	Battery electrolyte, neutron detection, organic synthesis

CRITICAL WARNINGS

1. High Hygroscopicity: Lithium iodide is very hygroscopic (deliquescent). It absorbs moisture from the air and dissolves. Must be stored in airtight, moisture-proof containers.

2. Light Sensitivity: Decomposes upon light exposure, forming iodine (brown discoloration). Store in light-protected containers.

3. Solubility: Very high solubility in water and many organic solvents (ethanol, propanol, glycol, ammonia).

4. Battery Applications: Used as solid-state electrolyte in high-temperature batteries and artificial pacemakers.

5. Neutron Detection: Used as phosphor for neutron scintillation detection.

6. Medical Use: Previously used as radiocontrast agent for CT scans, but discontinued due to nephrotoxicity (kidney toxicity).

7. Organic Synthesis: Used for C-O bond cleavage and selective demethylation of aromatic ethers.

8. Solar Cells: Used as redox electrolyte component in dye-sensitized solar cells.

9. Safety: May cause skin, eye, and respiratory irritation. Handle with protective equipment.

10. Storage: Store in cool, dry, dark place in airtight containers. Protect from moisture and light.

IMPORTANT DISCLAIMER: This Technical Data Sheet (TDS) is for informational purposes only and is prepared based on available technical data. The user is responsible for determining the suitability of the product for their specific application and for complying with all local, national, and international regulations. For complete safety, storage, use, handling, disposal, and regulatory compliance information, refer to the official Safety Data Sheet (SDS/MSDS) provided by the manufacturer/supplier. This document is not a substitute for professional or medical advice.

Lithium Iodide, Lithium Monoiodide, Lithium Iodide Anhydrous, 10377-51-2