Lithium Chloride, Lithium Chloride Anhydrous, Lithium Halide, 7447-41-8

LITHIUM CHLORIDE (LiCl)

PRODUCT IDENTIFICATION INFORMATION

CHEMICAL STRUCTURE

        Cl⁻
         |
    Li⁺ — Cl⁻

    Lithium Chloride (LiCl)
    Ionic Structure

Molecular Formula: LiCl
SMILES: [Li+].[Cl-]
InChI: InChI=1S/ClH.Li/h1H;/q;+1/p-1
Crystal System: Cubic (Rock salt / NaCl structure)

SECTION 1: CHEMICAL IDENTITY AND DEFINITION

SECTION 2: PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

SECTION 3: CHEMICAL PROPERTIES AND REACTIVITY

SECTION 4: COMPARISON OF LITHIUM COMPOUNDS

SECTION 5: PRODUCTION METHODS

Method 1: From Lithium Carbonate (Most Common Industrial Method)

• Reaction: Li₂CO₃ + 2HCl → 2LiCl + H₂O + CO₂

• Description: Lithium carbonate is reacted with hydrochloric acid; Lithium chloride solution and carbon dioxide gas are formed; Lithium chloride is obtained by evaporation and crystallization; Most common industrial production method

Method 2: From Lithium Hydroxide

• Reaction: LiOH + HCl → LiCl + H₂O

• Description: Lithium hydroxide is neutralized with hydrochloric acid; Lithium chloride solution is formed; Product is obtained by evaporation and drying

Method 3: Direct Chlorination of Lithium Metal

• Reaction: 2Li + Cl₂ → 2LiCl

• Description: Lithium metal is reacted directly with chlorine gas; High-purity lithium chloride is produced; Used for specialized applications

Method 4: From Spodumene Ore (Mineral Source)

• Process: Spodumene ore → Roasting → Acid leaching → Purification → Conversion to lithium chloride

• Description: Spodumene ore is processed; Lithium chloride solution is obtained; Product is obtained by purification and crystallization

Method 5: From Brine Sources (Salt Lake)

• Process: Brine → Solar evaporation → Lithium concentration → Conversion to lithium chloride

• Description: Lithium-rich brines are processed; Lithium chloride is obtained; Sustainable recovery method

SECTION 6: FUNCTIONAL PROPERTIES AND MECHANISM OF ACTION

SECTION 7: MAIN APPLICATION AREAS

SECTION 8: QUALITY SPECIFICATIONS (TECHNICAL GRADE)

SECTION 9: TOXICOLOGICAL PROFILE

SECTION 10: GHS CLASSIFICATION AND LABELING

GHS Classification (Compliant with CLP and UN GHS):

Signal Word: WARNING

Hazard Pictograms: GHS07 (Exclamation Mark)

Hazard Statements (H-Codes):

NFPA 704 Hazard Classification:

SECTION 11: PRECAUTIONARY STATEMENTS (P-CODES)

SECTION 12: FIRST AID MEASURES

SECTION 13: FIREFIGHTING MEASURES

SECTION 14: STORAGE AND SHELF LIFE

SECTION 15: PACKAGING OPTIONS

SECTION 16: TRANSPORT INFORMATION

SECTION 17: REGULATORY STATUS

SECTION 18: OTHER NAMES AND SYNONYMS

SECTION 19: SUMMARY TABLE

SECTION 20: CRITICAL WARNINGS AND BEST PRACTICES

CRITICAL WARNINGS:

• Harmful if swallowed (H302). Avoid ingestion.

• Causes serious eye irritation (H319). Use eye protection.

• May cause respiratory irritation (H335). Avoid inhalation of dust.

• Not combustible but decomposes at high temperatures releasing toxic chlorine gas.

• Highly hygroscopic and deliquescent. Absorbs moisture from air and liquefies. Store in moisture-proof containers.

• Incompatibilities: Keep away from strong oxidizing agents, strong acids, bromine trifluoride, and nitriles.

• Very high water solubility (84.25 g/100 mL at 20°C).

• Skin contact may cause irritation. Use appropriate PPE.

• Hygroscopic Property: Absorbs moisture from air; Forms liquid solution around itself when exposed (deliquescence).

• Medical Applications: Historically used as a sedative; Medical use is limited today.

BEST PRACTICE RECOMMENDATIONS:

• HVAC and Dehumidification Systems: Use as desiccant in air conditioning and dehumidification systems; High moisture absorption capacity; Regularly replace or regenerate.

• Absorption Cooling Systems: Works with water in absorption cooling systems; Provides high efficiency; Preferred in industrial cooling applications; Use at appropriate concentrations per system design.

• Organic Synthesis: Use as reagent in the synthesis of organic compounds; Acts as a catalyst or reagent; Use appropriate purity grade according to reaction conditions.

• Electrochemistry and Battery Applications: Use as electrolyte in voltaic cells; Apply molten electrolysis for lithium metal production; Provides high ionic conductivity; Use in battery electrolyte formulations.

• Metallurgy: Use as raw material in lithium metal production; Use in molten salt electrolysis; Select appropriate quality grade for purity-critical applications.

• Soldering: Use as flux in metal soldering processes; Cleans surface oxides; Improves solder flow.

• Handling: Use in well-ventilated areas or under fume hoods; Avoid dust generation; Wear chemical-resistant gloves, protective goggles, and appropriate respiratory protection.

• Personal Protective Equipment: Wear impermeable gloves (nitrile, neoprene), chemical safety goggles, full-face shield, protective clothing, and NIOSH-approved respiratory protection.

• Hygiene: Do not eat, drink, or smoke when using; Wash hands thoroughly after handling; Remove contaminated clothing and wash before reuse.

• Storage: Store in tightly closed, properly labeled containers in dry conditions; Use moisture-proof containers; Airtight containers recommended; Keep away from acids and oxidizing agents; Store under dry atmosphere or with desiccant.

• Spill Response: Avoid dust generation; Wear full PPE; Collect spilled material with moist cloth or broom; Place in closed containers; Do not allow to enter drains or waterways; Place in properly labeled closed containers.

• Disposal: Dispose of in accordance with local, regional, and national regulations; Do not discharge into sewers or water sources; Lithium compounds are regulated waste; Ensure waste container disposal complies with environmental regulations.

SPECIAL NOTE ON HYGROSCOPIC PROPERTY:

Lithium chloride is known for its extraordinary hygroscopic properties:

• Hygroscopicity: Absorbs moisture from the air

• Deliquescence: Forms liquid solution around itself when sufficient moisture is absorbed

• Moisture Capacity: High moisture absorption capacity

• Application: Used in HVAC, cooling, and drying systems

This property is used in:

• HVAC systems as desiccant

• Absorption cooling systems

• Industrial drying processes

• Air drying systems

SPECIAL NOTE ON SOLUBILITY:

Lithium chloride has exceptionally high solubility in water:

• At 20°C: 84.25 g/100 mL

• As Temperature Increases: Solubility increases

• Organic Solvents: Soluble in ethanol, methanol, acetone, pyridine, and amyl alcohol

• Application: Electrolyte solutions, organic synthesis, and electrochemical applications

LEGAL DISCLAIMER:

The information provided in this document is based on our current knowledge and experience and is presented in good faith. However, as all conditions of use are beyond our control, this document does not constitute a binding specification or warranty. This Technical Data Sheet is for informational purposes only. Users are responsible for testing suitability for their own applications. For complete safety, storage, handling, transportation, waste, and regulatory compliance information, please refer to the official Safety Data Sheet (SDS/MSDS) provided by the manufacturer/supplier.