TOFA, Tall Oil Fatty Acid, Distilled Tall Oil Fatty Acid, Tallol, Tall Oil, Pine Oil Fatty Acid, Tallate Acid, Hydrogenated Tall Oil Fatty Acid, High Oleic Tall Oil Fatty Acid, Sylfat2, 61790-12-3

TOFA, Tall Oil Fatty Acid, Distilled Tall Oil Fatty Acid, Tallol, Tall Oil, Pine Oil Fatty Acid, Tallate Acid, Hydrogenated Tall Oil Fatty Acid, High Oleic Tall Oil Fatty Acid, Sylfat2, 61790-12-3

SYLFAT 2 – Tall Oil Fatty Acid (TOFA)

1. Basic Identity

Property	Information
Product Name	SYLFAT™ 2 Tall Oil Fatty Acid
Manufacturer	Kraton Corporation
Chemical Category	Tall Oil Fatty Acid (TOFA)
CAS Number	Not specified in TDS (typical TOFA CAS: 61790-12-3)
EINECS Number	Not specified
Appearance	Clear, light yellow to amber liquid
Biobased Content	100% USDA Certified Biobased
Regulatory Status	USDA BioPreferred Program

2. Chemical Composition & Structure

Molecular Characteristics

• Carbon chain length: C18 (primarily)

• Functional group: Carboxyl acid (-COOH)

• Bond type: High unsaturation (many double bonds)

• Monocarboxylic acid: One carboxylic acid group per molecule

Typical Composition (Approximate)

Component	Percentage
Oleic acid (C18:1)	20–30%
Linoleic acid (C18:2)	40–50%
Pinolenic acid (C18:3)	5–10%
Saturated fatty acids (C16, C18:0)	2–5%
Rosin acids	1.6% (typical)
Unsaponifiables	1.5% (typical)

Key Chemical Features

• Low conjugation despite high iodine number – contains pinolenic acid (unique to tall oil)

• Reactive polyunsaturation – participates in oxidative curing, polymerization, and addition reactions

• Good color stability – resists darkening during processing

3. Detailed Specifications

Sales Specifications (Guaranteed)

Property	Test Method	Specification	Typical Value
Acid Number (mg KOH/g)	AQCM 001	Min 193	196
Color (Gardner)	AQCM 002	Max 5	4.2
Free Rosin Acids (%)	AQCM 010	Max 2.1	1.6
Unsaponifiables (%)	AQCM 011	Max 2.5	1.5

Typical Properties (Not Guaranteed)

Property	Test Method	Typical Value
Iodine Number (cg I/g)	AQCM 009	152
Saponification Number (mg KOH/g)	AQCM 019	197
Cloud Point (°C)	AQCM 061	2
Pour Point (°C)	AQCM 060	-14
Viscosity at 20°C (cP)	AQCM 004	25
Density at 20°C (kg/m³)	AQCM 133	905

Explanation of Key Properties

Acid Number (196 mg KOH/g)

• Measures free carboxylic acid content

• Indicates the amount of KOH needed to neutralize 1 gram of sample

• High value means high fatty acid purity

• Typical range for TOFA: 190–205

Iodine Number (152)

• Measures unsaturation (double bonds)

• Higher number = more double bonds = more reactive

• SYLFAT 2 has one of the highest iodine numbers among TOFA grades

• Enables air drying (oxidative crosslinking)

Rosin Acids (1.6%)

• Residual pine-derived resin acids from crude tall oil

• Low rosin content improves color stability and reduces odor

• High rosin can cause darkening and unwanted tack

Unsaponifiables (1.5%)

• Non-fatty materials (sterols, higher alcohols, hydrocarbons)

• Lower is better for most chemical applications

Cloud Point (2°C)

• Temperature at which crystallization begins

• Below 2°C, product may become hazy

• For low-temperature applications, use SYLFAT 2LT (cloud point ≤ -4°C)

Pour Point (-14°C)

• Temperature at which product stops flowing

• SYLFAT 2 remains pumpable down to -14°C

Viscosity (25 cP at 20°C)

• Similar to light machine oil

• Easy to pump, mix, and handle at room temperature

Density (905 kg/m³ at 20°C)

• Lighter than water (water = 1000 kg/m³)

• Floats on water

4. Solubility & Compatibility

Solubility

Solvent Type	Solubility
Alcohols (ethanol, isopropanol)	Soluble
Aromatics (toluene, xylene)	Soluble
Esters (ethyl acetate, butyl acetate)	Soluble
Ketones (acetone, MEK)	Soluble
Aliphatic hydrocarbons (mineral spirits)	Partially soluble
Water	Insoluble

Compatibility

• Compatible with other liquid fatty acids

• Compatible with vegetable oils (soybean, linseed, sunflower)

• Compatible with alkyd resins

• Compatible with most organic solvents

• Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents

• Incompatible with strong bases (will form soaps)

5. Physical & Chemical Properties (Detailed)

Property	Value	Notes
Physical state at 25°C	Liquid	Clear to slightly hazy
Color	Light yellow to amber	Gardner 4–5
Odor	Characteristic fatty acid	Mild, not unpleasant
Boiling point	>250°C	Decomposes before boiling
Flash point	>150°C (estimated)	Not flammable at room temp
Auto-ignition temperature	~300°C (estimated)
Vapor pressure	Very low	Negligible at room temp
Specific gravity	0.905 at 20°C
Refractive index	~1.47 (estimated)
Surface tension	~30 dynes/cm (estimated)
Saponification value	197 mg KOH/g	Total reactive groups
Peroxide value	Low (fresh)	Increases with age

6. Chemical Reactions & Reactivity

SYLFAT 2 participates in several chemical reactions due to its carboxylic acid group and double bonds:

A. Carboxylic Acid Reactions

Reaction	Product	Application
Esterification + alcohol	Ester	Plasticizers, lubricants
Amidization + amine	Amide	Surfactants, thickeners
Neutralization + base	Soap (carboxylate salt)	Emulsifiers, cleaners
Reduction	Fatty alcohol	Surfactants, cosmetics

B. Double Bond Reactions

Reaction	Product	Application
Oxidative curing (air)	Crosslinked polymer	Alkyd resin drying
Dimerization (heat/clay)	Dimer acid	Polyamide resins
Hydrogenation	Saturated fatty acid	Lubricants, stabilizers
Epoxidation	Epoxidized oil	Plasticizers, stabilizers
Sulfonation	Sulfonated fatty acid	Emulsifiers, oilfield chemicals

C. Special Feature – Pinolenic Acid

• Contains a unique conjugated double bond system

• Provides faster drying than typical linoleic acid

• Contributes to high iodine number without excessive conjugation

7. Production Process (Conceptual)

Crude Tall Oil (CTO)
        ↓
Distillation (Fractional)
        ↓
TOFA Fraction (C18 acids)
        ↓
Refining (Color, Rosin reduction)
        ↓
SYLFAT 2

Kraton's proprietary process ensures:

• Low rosin content (max 2.1%)

• Low unsaponifiables (max 2.5%)

• Consistent color (max 5 Gardner)

• High iodine number (152 typical)

8. Detailed Applications

A. Alkyd Resins (Primary Application)

Role: Drying oil substitute / modifier

Typical Formulation (Short oil alkyd):

Component	%
SYLFAT 2	35%
Phthalic anhydride	25%
Glycerol / Pentaerythritol	15%
Solvent (xylene)	25%

Why SYLFAT 2?

• High iodine number (152) → fast air drying

• Low rosin → better color retention

• Good compatibility with other alkyd components

End Products:

• Architectural paints (interior/exterior)

• Industrial enamels

• Wood varnishes

• Primers

• Marine coatings

B. Dimer Acids

Role: Monomer source for C36 dimer acid

Process:

text

SYLFAT 2 → Dimerization (heat, clay catalyst) → Dimer Acid (C36) + Monomer (C18) + Trimer (C54)

Why SYLFAT 2?

• High unsaturation → high dimer yield

• Low rosin → cleaner reaction

End Products from Dimer Acid:

• Polyamide resins (hot-melt adhesives, printing inks)

• Corrosion inhibitors

• Lubricant thickeners

• Epoxy curing agents

C. Polymers

Role: Reactive monomer/modifier

Applications:

• Polyester resins

• Polyurethane dispersions

• Acrylic copolymers

• Nylon precursors (via dimer acid)

D. Oilfield Chemicals

Role: Surfactant / corrosion inhibitor precursor

Applications:

• Drilling mud additives

• Corrosion inhibitors for pipelines

• Emulsion breakers

• Friction reducers

Why SYLFAT 2?

• Biodegradable (environmentally friendly for offshore)

• Good thermal stability

• Effective at low concentrations

E. Mining Chemicals

Role: Collector in flotation processes

Applications:

• Froth flotation collectors (phosphate, potash, sulfide ores)

• Dust suppressants

• Grinding aids

Why SYLFAT 2?

• Selective adsorption on mineral surfaces

• Biodegradable – acceptable for mine tailings

F. Surfactants

Role: Hydrophobic tail for surfactant synthesis

Reactions:

• Ethoxylation → nonionic surfactants

• Amidization → alkanolamides

• Sulfonation → anionic surfactants

End Products:

• Detergents

• Emulsifiers

• Wetting agents

• Foam boosters

G. Specialty Industrial & Household Cleaners

Role: Cleaning agent / emulsifier

Applications:

• Heavy-duty degreasers

• Concrete cleaners

• Car wash formulations

• Laundry detergents

Why SYLFAT 2?

• Good oil solubilization

• Biodegradable

• Mild to surfaces

9. Handling, Storage & Stability

Storage Recommendations

Parameter	Requirement
Temperature	Below 25°C (77°F)
Humidity	Dry environment
Light	Away from direct sunlight
Container	Sealed, dry, clean
Material	Stainless steel, carbon steel, plastic (HDPE, PP)

Stability Over Time

Time	Expected Changes
0–6 months	Minimal change
6–12 months	Color may increase by 1–2 Gardner units
12–24 months	Color increase, possible precipitate formation
>24 months	Retest before use

Degradation Mechanisms

1. Oxidation: Double bonds react with oxygen → peroxide formation → color darkening, viscosity increase

2. Polymerization: Unsaturated acids slowly polymerize → sediment formation

3. Hydrolysis: Minimal (no water present)

4. Light exposure: Accelerates oxidation

Precipitate Formation

• Occurs during storage at low temperatures or extended aging

• Composition: Saturated fatty acids (stearic, palmitic) that crystallize

• Effect on use: None – product remains suitable as chemical raw material

• Remedy: Heat to 40°C (104°F) with gentle agitation until clear

Color Change

• Color can increase by >1 Gardner unit over time

• Caused by oxygen and/or heat exposure

• For color-sensitive applications: Test before use after long storage

Incompatibilities

• Strong oxidizing agents (nitric acid, peroxides) → fire/explosion risk

• Strong bases (NaOH, KOH) → exothermic saponification

• Reactive metals (Na, K) → violent reaction

10. Packaging

Container Type	Typical Capacity	Availability
Steel drums	420 lb (190 kg) net	Available
IBCs (Intermediate Bulk Containers)	~1000 kg	As available
Flexi tanks	~20,000 kg	As available
Tank trucks	20,000–25,000 kg	As available
ISO containers	~20,000 kg	As available
Rail cars	~60,000–80,000 kg	As available

Typical delivery temperature: 10 – 30°C (50 – 86°F)

11. Safety & Environmental

Hazard Classification (Expected – Confirm with SDS)

Parameter	Classification
Flammability	Not flammable (flash point >150°C)
Skin irritation	May cause mild irritation
Eye irritation	May cause irritation
Inhalation	Low hazard at room temperature
Ingestion	Harmful if swallowed (large amounts)
Aquatic toxicity	Harmful to aquatic life (expected)

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

• Gloves: Nitrile or neoprene

• Eye protection: Safety goggles

• Clothing: Chemical-resistant apron

• Ventilation: Local exhaust if heated

Spill Cleanup

• Small spill: Absorb with inert material (sand, vermiculite)

• Large spill: Dike, pump into containers, absorb residue

• Wash area: Soap and water

• Do not: Flush to sewer or water bodies

Disposal

• Incinerate at approved facility (energy recovery possible due to high heat content)

• Comply with local regulations

• Not a hazardous waste under RCRA (expected)

Environmental Fate

• Biodegradable (readily)

• Low bioaccumulation potential

• Not persistent in environment

12. Regulatory & Certification

USDA Certified Biobased Product

• Certification: 100% biobased content

• Label: USDA BioPreferred Program

• Significance: Eligible for federal procurement preference (US)

Food Contact Status

• Not specified in TDS

• Typical TOFA: Not approved for direct food contact (check with Kraton)

REACH (EU)

• Registered (expected)

• Check with Kraton for specific registration number

TSCA (US)

• Listed (expected)

DSL (Canada)

• Listed (expected)

EINECS (EU)

• Listed (expected)

China IECSC

• Listed (expected)

13. Comparison with Other SYLFAT Grades

Property	SYLFAT 2	SYLFAT FA2	SYLFAT FA1	SYLFAT 2LT
Iodine Number	152	125	125	Not specified
Rosin Acids (%)	1.6 (max 2.1)	0.8 (max 1)	2.5 (max 3)	1.0–2.0
Color (Gardner)	4.2 (max 5)	3 (max 4)	4.5 (max 5)	3.0–4.5
Acid Number	196 (min 193)	196	194	194–199
Cloud Point (°C)	2	Not specified	Not specified	Max -4
Pour Point (°C)	-14	Not specified	Not specified	Not specified
Unsaponifiables (%)	1.5 (max 2.5)	1.3	2.2	Max 2.0
Best for	Fast drying, high reactivity	Light color, low rosin	General purpose	Low temperature

14. Troubleshooting & Common Issues

Problem	Cause	Solution
Product is hazy/cloudy	Stored below cloud point (2°C)	Heat to 40°C
Precipitate/sediment at bottom	Crystallized saturates	Heat to 40°C, mix well
Color too dark for application	Aged product or heat exposure	Use fresh product; test before use
Slow drying in alkyd resin	Old product (iodine number decreased)	Check iodine number; add drier
Unpleasant odor	Oxidation/rancidity	Replace with fresh product
Too viscous to pump	Temperature too low (below pour point)	Heat to 20–30°C

15. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: Is SYLFAT 2 vegetable oil?

A: No. It is derived from tall oil, a byproduct of pine tree pulp manufacturing. It is not a vegetable oil but is 100% biobased.

Q2: Can I use SYLFAT 2 for making soap?

A: Yes, but it will produce a soft soap due to high unsaturation. For hard soaps, use saturated fatty acids or hydrogenated TOFA.

Q3: Does SYLFAT 2 contain rosin?

A: Yes, but very low (1.6% typical). For rosin-free applications, consider SYLFAT FA2 (0.8% rosin).

Q4: Can I store SYLFAT 2 outdoors in winter?

A: Not recommended. Below 2°C it becomes hazy; below -14°C it may solidify. Store in temperature-controlled area.

Q5: Is SYLFAT 2 food grade?

A: Not specified. Contact Kraton for food contact status. Standard TOFA is not food grade.

Q6: How does SYLFAT 2 compare to linseed oil?

A: SYLFAT 2 has higher iodine number (152 vs ~170–200 for linseed oil – actually linseed oil is higher). SYLFAT 2 dries faster than soybean oil but slower than tung oil. It is less expensive than linseed oil.

Q7: What is the shelf life?

A: Not specified. Typically 12–24 months when stored properly. Retest after longer storage.

Q8: Can I heat SYLFAT 2 above 40°C?

A: Yes, for short periods. Prolonged heating above 40°C accelerates color darkening and oxidation. Do not exceed 100°C without inert atmosphere.

16. Ordering Information

Item	Detail
Product Code	SYLFAT 2
Manufacturer	Kraton Corporation
Minimum Order Quantity	Contact Kraton (varies by packaging)
Lead Time	Contact Kraton
Pricing	Contact Kraton sales
Technical Support	Kraton technical service team

17. Summary – Key Takeaways

Aspect	Summary
What it is	C18 unsaturated fatty acid from tall oil
Key feature	High iodine number (152) – fast air drying
Main use	Alkyd resins, dimer acids, polymers
Biobased	100% USDA certified
Storage	Below 25°C, dry, dark
Handling	Heat to 40°C if precipitate forms
Alternatives	SYLFAT FA2 (lower rosin, lighter color); SYLFAT 2LT (low temperature)
Restrictions	Not for direct food contact (verify)

 

What does "Tall" mean?

"Tall" is a Swedish word meaning "Pine" (the tree).

Origin

• The word "Tall" comes from the Swedish word "tall" or "tallolja".

• "Tallolja" = Pine oil

• This term is the origin of "Tall Oil" used in the paper industry.

What is Tall Oil?

• Tall Oil is a byproduct obtained during the conversion of pine trees into paper pulp.

• It is produced during the Kraft process (chemical pulping method).

• As pine wood is digested, the fatty acids and resin acids are separated, collected, and refined into tall oil.

• It is 100% renewable and biobased.

Composition of Crude Tall Oil

Component	Percentage
Fatty acids (TOFA)	30–60%
Rosin acids	30–50%
Unsaponifiables (sterols, etc.)	5–15%

Products Derived from Tall Oil

Product	Description	Kraton Product Example
TOFA (Tall Oil Fatty Acids)	Fatty acids from tall oil	SYLFAT series
Tall Oil Rosin	Resin acids from tall oil	Not in your files
Tall Oil Pitch	Heavy residue from distillation	SYLVABLEND PF series
Distilled Tall Oil	Purified tall oil	Not in your files

Summary

Term	Meaning	Origin
Tall	Pine	Swedish
Tall Oil	Pine oil (byproduct of paper industry)	Kraft pulping process
TOFA	Tall Oil Fatty Acids	Main component of SYLFAT products
Tall Oil Pitch	Heavy distillation residue	Main component of SYLVABLEND PF products

1. SYLFAT 2 (Tall Oil Fatty Acid)

• Description: Low viscosity, liquid long fatty acid chain (C18). Provides light color, good color stability, and air-drying properties. Features carboxyl group (-COOH) and double bonds for reactivity.

• Biobased Content: 100% USDA certified biobased.

• Acid Number: Min 193 mg KOH/g (typical 196).

• Color (Gardner): Max 5 (typical 4.2).

• Free Rosin Acids: Max 2.1% (typical 1.6%).

• Unsaponifiables: Max 2.5% (typical 1.5%).

• Iodine Number: 152 cg I/g (highest value – high reactivity).

• Cloud Point: 2°C.

• Pour Point: -14°C.

• Viscosity (20°C): 25 cP.

• Density (20°C): 905 kg/m³.

• Solubility: Soluble in alcohols, aromatics, esters, ketones. Insoluble in water.

• Compatibility: Compatible with other liquid fatty acids and vegetable oils.

• Packaging: Delivered as liquid in tank trucks, ISO containers, rail cars, flexi tanks, IBCs, or steel drums (as available). Typical delivery temperature: 10 – 30°C (50 – 86°F).

• Storage: Store dry and below 25°C (77°F), away from direct sunlight. Color changes (>1 Gardner unit) may occur over time. If precipitation occurs, slight heating to about 40°C (104°F) dissolves the material.

• Applications:

  • Alkyd resins (especially air-drying paints and varnishes)

  • Dimer acids

  • Polymers

  • Oilfield chemicals

  • Mining chemicals

  • Surfactants

  • Specialty industrial and household cleaners

2. SYLFAT FA2 (Tall Oil Fatty Acid)

• Description: Long carbon chain (C18) with high unsaturation and carboxyl group (-COOH). Features lower color than FA1 and very low rosin acid content.

• Biobased Content: 100% USDA certified biobased.

• Acid Number: 195 – 205 mg KOH/g (typical 196).

• Color (Gardner): Max 4 (typical 3).

• Rosin Acids: Max 1% (typical 0.8%) – very low.

• Unsaponifiables: 1.3% (typical).

• Iodine Number: 125.

• Solubility: Soluble in alcohols, aromatics, esters, ketones. Insoluble in water.

• Compatibility: Compatible with other liquid fatty acids and vegetable oils.

• Packaging: Delivered as liquid in 420 lb net steel drums or bulk in totes, tank trucks, or tank cars (as available).

• Storage: Store dry and below 25°C (77°F), away from direct sunlight. If precipitation occurs, slight heating to about 40°C (104°F) dissolves the material.

• Applications:

  • Alkyd resins

  • Dimer acids

  • Oilfield chemicals

  • Asphalt emulsifiers

  • Lubricant additives

  • Metalworking fluids

  • Plasticizers

  • Textile drawing lubricants

  • Specialty industrial and household cleaners

3. SYLFAT FA1 (Tall Oil Fatty Acid)

• Description: Low viscosity, liquid long fatty acid chain (C18). Low saturated fatty acid content. Features carboxyl group (-COOH) and reactive polyunsaturation.

• Biobased Content: 100% USDA certified biobased.

• Acid Number: 193 – 205 mg KOH/g (typical 194).

• Color (Gardner): Max 5 (typical 4.5).

• Rosin Acids: Max 3% (typical 2.5%).

• Unsaponifiables: 2.2% (typical).

• Iodine Number: 125.

• Solubility: Soluble in alcohols, aromatics, esters, ketones. Insoluble in water.

• Compatibility: Compatible with other liquid fatty acids and vegetable oils.

• Packaging: Delivered as liquid in 420 lb net steel drums or bulk in totes, tank trucks, or tank cars (as available).

• Storage: Store dry and below 25°C (77°F), away from direct sunlight. If precipitation occurs, slight heating to about 40°C (104°F) dissolves the material.

• Applications: Same as FA2 (alkyd resins, dimer acids, oilfield chemicals, asphalt emulsifiers, lubricant additives, metalworking fluids, plasticizers, textile lubricants, industrial and household cleaners).

4. SYLFAT 2LT (Tall Oil Fatty Acid – Low Temperature)

• Description: Refined from selected crude tall oil grades for low temperature performance. Features low cloud point and pour point, maintaining clarity at low temperatures.

• Biobased Content: 100% USDA certified biobased.

• Acid Number: 194 – 199 mg KOH/g.

• Color (Gardner): 3.0 – 4.5.

• Free Rosin Acids: 1.0 – 2.0%.

• Unsaponifiables: Max 2.0%.

• Cloud Point: Max -4°C (key feature).

• Viscosity (20°C): 20 – 50 cSt.

• Density (15°C): 0.89 – 0.93 g/cm³.

• Solubility: Soluble in alcohols, aromatics, esters, ketones. Insoluble in water.

• Compatibility: Compatible with other liquid fatty acids and vegetable oils.

• Packaging: Delivered as liquid in tank trucks, ISO containers, rail cars, flexi tanks, IBCs, or steel drums (as available). Typical delivery temperature: 10 – 30°C (50 – 86°F).

• Storage: Store dry and below 25°C (77°F), away from direct sunlight. If precipitation occurs when stored below cloud point, slight heating to about 40°C (104°F) dissolves the material.

• Application: Component for lubricity improvers (especially for low-temperature lubricants and metalworking fluids).

5. SYLVABLEND PF60 (Tall Oil Pitch – Bio-liquid Fuel)

• Description: Bio-liquid made from tall oil pitch and other distillates. Used as a low-sulfur replacement for heavy fuel oils, mainly in power plants.

• Biobased Content: 100% USDA certified biobased.

• Acid Number: Max 130 mg KOH/g (typical 90).

• Moisture: Max 0.5% (typical <0.2%).

• Viscosity (50°C): Max 600 cP (typical 100 – 300).

• Sulfur: Max 0.40% (typical <0.2%).

• Flash Point: Min 100°C (typical >150°C).

• Ash: Max 0.6% (typical <0.3%).

• Heat of Combustion: 37.6 MJ/kg.

• Pour Point: <20°C.

• Density (50°C): 950 kg/m³.

• Delivery: Delivered as a liquid in heated tank trucks or boat shipments.

• Application: Low-sulfur heavy fuel oil replacement in power plants.

6. SYLVABLEND PF40 (Tall Oil Pitch – Bio-liquid Fuel)

• Description: Bio-liquid made from tall oil pitch and other distillates. Very similar to PF60, but with lower ash content.

• Biobased Content: 100% USDA certified biobased.

• Acid Number: Max 130 mg KOH/g (typical 90).

• Moisture: Max 0.5% (typical <0.2%).

• Viscosity (50°C): Max 600 cP (typical 100 – 300).

• Sulfur: Max 0.40% (typical <0.2%).

• Flash Point: Min 100°C (typical >150°C).

• Ash: Max 0.4% (typical <0.3%) – lower than PF60.

• Heat of Combustion: 37.6 MJ/kg.

• Pour Point: <20°C.

• Density (50°C): 950 kg/m³.

• Application: Low-sulfur heavy fuel oil replacement in power plants (for applications requiring lower ash content).

7. SYLVABLEND SF75 (Terpene Oil & Fatty Acid Blend – Fuel)

• Description: Natural source of terpene oil and low boiling tall oil fatty acid.

• Ash: Max 0.3% (typical 0.1%).

• Sulfur: Max 8000 ppm (typical 5300 ppm = 0.53%).

• Terpene Oil: 80%.

• Fatty Acids: 18%.

• Rosin Acids: <1%.

• Moisture: 0.3%.

• Application: Fuel.

1. SYLFAT 2 (Tall Oil Fatty Acid – High Iodine)

Industry Suitability

• Paint & Coatings (alkyd resins, air-drying paints)

• Polymers & Dimer Acids

• Oilfield chemicals

• Mining chemicals

• Surfactants

• Industrial cleaners

Usage Method & Ratio

• Alkyd Resins: 30–50% by weight of resin formulation. Acts as the main drying component.

• Dimer Acids: 100% as monomer feedstock.

• Additives: 5–20% depending on desired performance.

Reasons for Preference

• Highest iodine number (152) – fastest drying and highest hardness for air-drying coatings.

• Good color stability.

• Low viscosity – easy to handle.

Mandatory Application Areas

• Air-drying paints & varnishes – where oxidative curing is required. Standard fatty acids with lower iodine numbers will not dry properly.

Other Names / Synonyms

• High-iodine TOFA

• Drying fatty acid

• C18 unsaturated fatty acid

2. SYLFAT FA2 (Tall Oil Fatty Acid – Low Rosin)

Industry Suitability

• Alkyd resins (light-color applications)

• Dimer acids

• Asphalt emulsifiers

• Lubricant additives

• Metalworking fluids

• Plasticizers

• Textile lubricants

• Industrial & household cleaners

Usage Method & Ratio

• Alkyd Resins: 30–50% of formulation.

• Metalworking Fluids: 5–20% as lubricity additive.

• Asphalt Emulsifiers: 10–30% as co-emulsifier.

Reasons for Preference

• Very low rosin acids (max 1%) – provides better color stability and lower odor.

• Low color (Gardner max 4) – ideal for light-colored varnishes and clear coatings.

• Consistent quality.

Mandatory Application Areas

• Light-colored alkyd resins and clear varnishes – FA1 (higher rosin) would cause darkening and is not suitable.

• Thermally sensitive formulations – where high rosin content causes degradation.

Other Names / Synonyms

• Low-rosin TOFA

• Distilled tall oil fatty acid

• Light-color TOFA

---

3. SYLFAT FA1 (Tall Oil Fatty Acid – Standard)

Industry Suitability

• Alkyd resins

• Dimer acids

• Oilfield chemicals

• Asphalt emulsifiers

• Lubricant additives

• Metalworking fluids

• Plasticizers

• Textile lubricants

• Industrial & household cleaners

Usage Method & Ratio

• Same as FA2: 30–50% in alkyd resins, 5–20% in additives, 10–30% in emulsifiers.

Reasons for Preference

• Low viscosity – easy to pump and mix.

• Low saturated fatty acid content – good low-temperature properties.

• Cost-effective general-purpose TOFA.

Mandatory Application Areas

• General-purpose alkyd resins – where extremely low color or ultra-low rosin is not required.

• Dimer acid production – as a standard feedstock.

Other Names / Synonyms

• Standard TOFA

• Crude tall oil fatty acid (refined grade)

• C18 unsaturated fatty acid

4. SYLFAT 2LT (Tall Oil Fatty Acid – Low Temperature)

Industry Suitability

• Lubricity improvers

• Low-temperature lubricants

• Metalworking fluids (cold climate)

• Hydraulic oils

Usage Method & Ratio

• Lubricity improver: 5–20% of final lubricant formulation.

• Metalworking fluids: 10–30% as a co-additive.

Reasons for Preference

• Very low cloud point (max -4°C) – remains clear and fluid at low temperatures.

• Low rosin and unsaponifiables.

• Consistent low-temperature performance.

Mandatory Application Areas

• Cold-weather lubricants and hydraulic oils – standard TOFA (FA1, FA2, SYLFAT 2) will cloud or solidify near freezing, making them unusable.

• Outdoor metalworking in winter conditions – where fluid clarity and flow are critical.

Other Names / Synonyms

• Low-cloud TOFA

• Cold-weather TOFA

• Low-temperature fatty acid

5. SYLVABLEND PF60 (Tall Oil Pitch – Bio-liquid Fuel)

Industry Suitability

• Power plants

• Industrial boilers

• Cogeneration plants

• Marine boilers

Usage Method & Ratio

• 100% as direct fuel replacement for heavy fuel oil (HFO).

• 20–50% blend with HFO to reduce sulfur content and increase biobased content.

Reasons for Preference

• Low sulfur (max 0.40%, typical <0.2%) – meets strict emission regulations.

• 100% USDA biobased – helps meet renewable energy mandates.

• Good heat of combustion (37.6 MJ/kg).

Mandatory Application Areas

• EU RED II compliance – where fossil fuel blends require minimum biobased content.

• Low-emission zones – where high-sulfur HFO (typically 3.5% sulfur) is banned.

Other Names / Synonyms

• Bio-fuel oil

• Biobased heavy fuel oil alternative

• Tall oil pitch (TOP)

• Lignin oil

6. SYLVABLEND PF40 (Tall Oil Pitch – Low Ash)

Industry Suitability

• Power plants

• Industrial boilers

• Cogeneration plants

Usage Method & Ratio

• Same as PF60: 100% direct use or 20–50% blend with HFO.

Reasons for Preference

• Lower ash content (max 0.4%) than PF60 (max 0.6%) – reduces slagging and fouling in boilers.

• Low sulfur (max 0.40%).

• 100% USDA biobased.

Mandatory Application Areas

• Boilers with ash sensitivity – where PF60's ash content would cause maintenance issues.

• Same as PF60 for renewable fuel compliance and low-emission zones.

Other Names / Synonyms

• Low-ash bio-fuel oil

• Biobased heavy fuel oil alternative (low-ash grade)

• Tall oil pitch (refined)

7. SYLVABLEND SF75 (Terpene Oil & Fatty Acid Blend)

Industry Suitability

• Fuel applications (general)

• Fuel blending

Usage Method & Ratio

• As fuel: 100% direct combustion.

• As blend component: 10–30% with other fuel oils.

Reasons for Preference

• Natural source (terpene oil + TOFA).

• Low ash (max 0.3%).

Mandatory Application Areas

• None specifically – this product has higher sulfur (0.53%) than PF40/PF60, so it is not mandatory for low-emission applications. It is used where sulfur limits are less strict.

Other Names / Synonyms

• Terpene oil blend

• Sulfite oil

• Natural fuel oil additive

Summary Table

Product	Key Industry	Main Use Ratio	Primary Reason for Preference	Mandatory When...	Other Names
SYLFAT 2	Paints & Coatings	30-50% in alkyds	Highest iodine (152) – fastest drying	Air-drying coatings required	High-iodine TOFA, drying fatty acid
SYLFAT FA2	Light-color coatings	30-50% in alkyds	Very low rosin (max 1%), low color	Light-colored/clear varnishes	Low-rosin TOFA
SYLFAT FA1	General chemicals	30-50% in alkyds	Cost-effective, low viscosity	General-purpose use	Standard TOFA
SYLFAT 2LT	Cold-weather lubricants	5-20% in lubricants	Cloud point ≤ -4°C	Low-temperature operation	Cold-weather TOFA
PF60	Power plants	100% or 20-50% blend	Low sulfur, 100% biobased	EU RED II, low-emission zones	Bio-fuel oil, TOP
PF40	Power plants (ash-sensitive)	100% or 20-50% blend	Lower ash than PF60	Boilers sensitive to ash	Low-ash bio-fuel oil
SF75	General fuel	100% or 10-30% blend	Natural terpene + TOFA	No mandatory use (higher sulfur)	Terpene oil blend

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Let me know if you need a specific formulation ratio or more detail on any application.

Images

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Documents

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• Betakim TOFA SYLFAT-2.pdf
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