Dithiodimorpholine, 4,4'-Dithiodimorpholine, Accelerator DTDM, DTDM-80, DTDM80, 103-34-42
DTDM-80 (4,4'-DITHIODIMORPHOLINE)
CAS Number: 103-34-4
EC Number (EINECS): 203-102-6
Molecular Formula: C₈H₁₆N₂O₂S₂
Molecular Weight: 236.36 g/mol
Chemical Class: Morpholine derivative (sulfur donor agent)
SECTION 1: PRODUCT IDENTIFICATION AND CHEMICAL IDENTITY
| Parameter |
Description |
| Chemical Name (IUPAC) |
4,4'-Dithiodimorpholine |
| Other Names |
DTDM, Dithiodimorpholine, 4,4'-Dithiodimorpholine, Accelerator DTDM |
| CAS Number |
103-34-4 |
| EC Number (EINECS) |
203-102-6 |
| Molecular Formula |
C₈H₁₆N₂O₂S₂ |
| Molecular Weight |
236.36 g/mol |
| Chemical Class |
Morpholine derivative (sulfur donor agent) |
| Appearance (Powder Form) |
White to slightly yellowish crystalline powder |
| Appearance (Granule Form) |
Off-white to beige granules |
| Odor |
Mild characteristic |
SECTION 2: PRODUCT DESCRIPTION AND COMPOSITION
DTDM-80 is a pre-dispersed rubber accelerator containing 80% 4,4'-dithiodimorpholine (DTDM) in an elastomeric binder and dispersing agents. It is designed to provide excellent dispersion of the sulfur donor in rubber compounds, avoiding localized over-cured areas and ensuring consistent performance in vulcanized products.
| Parameter |
Description |
| Product Type |
Pre-dispersed sulfur donor vulcanization agent |
| Active Content |
80% 4,4'-Dithiodimorpholine (DTDM) |
| Binder Content |
20% Elastomeric binder and dispersing agents |
| Physical Form |
Granules (off-white to beige) |
| Density |
~1.23 g/cm³ |
| Function |
Sulfur donor vulcanization agent for low-sulfur or sulfurless curing systems |
SECTION 3: PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
3.1. Powder Form (Pure DTDM)
| Property |
Value / Range |
| Molecular Formula |
C₈H₁₆N₂O₂S₂ |
| Molecular Weight |
236.36 g/mol |
| Appearance |
White to slightly yellowish crystalline powder |
| Melting Point |
~124-126°C |
| Density (20°C) |
~1.32-1.36 g/cm³ |
| Solubility in Water |
Insoluble (~0.1 g/L) |
| Solubility in Organic Solvents |
Limited; partially soluble in acetone, chloroform |
| pH (Aqueous) |
~6-7 (neutral) |
| Flash Point |
> 200°C |
| Decomposition |
> 200°C releases sulfur oxides, nitrogen oxides |
3.2. Granule Form (DTDM-80)
| Property |
Value / Range |
| Appearance |
Off-white to beige granules |
| Density |
~1.23 g/cm³ |
| Active Content |
80% DTDM |
| Binder Content |
20% Elastomer binder |
| Form |
Pre-dispersed granules |
SECTION 4: FUNCTIONAL PROPERTIES
| Property |
Description |
| Curing Type |
Sulfur donor vulcanization agent |
| Curing System |
Low-sulfur or sulfurless curing systems |
| Sulfur Donor |
Provides active sulfur for vulcanization |
| Synergistic Effect |
Shows synergistic effect with sulfenamide accelerators |
| Heat Resistance |
Provides good heat and aging resistance |
| Scorch Safety |
Good processing safety |
| Curing Speed |
Moderate to slow curing speed |
| Crosslink Type |
Forms mono-, di-, and polysulfidic crosslinks |
SECTION 5: COMPARISON - DTDM vs SULFUR
| Property |
DTDM |
Sulfur |
| Sulfur Content |
~27% |
100% |
| Crosslink Type |
Mono/disulfide predominance |
Polysulfide predominance |
| Heat Aging Resistance |
Good |
Moderate |
| Scorch Safety |
Good |
Low-moderate |
| Compression Set |
Low |
Moderate |
| Flexibility |
Good |
Very good |
| Odor |
Low |
Characteristic |
| Bloom |
Low |
High |
SECTION 6: MAJOR APPLICATIONS AND END-USES
6.1. Sulfur Donor Vulcanization Agent (Primary Application)
| Application |
Function |
Suitability |
| Natural Rubber (NR) |
Sulfur donor / accelerator |
High |
| Styrene-Butadiene Rubber (SBR) |
Sulfur donor / accelerator |
High |
| Nitrile Rubber (NBR) |
Sulfur donor / accelerator |
High |
| EPDM Rubber |
Sulfur donor / accelerator |
High |
| Butyl Rubber (IIR) |
Sulfur donor / accelerator |
Moderate |
| Other Synthetic Rubbers |
Sulfur donor / accelerator |
High |
6.2. Rubber Products
| Application |
Suitability |
| Tires |
High |
| Hoses |
High |
| Belts (Conveyor, Drive) |
High |
| Rubber Footwear |
High |
| General Industrial Products |
High |
| Seals and Gaskets |
High |
| Technical Rubber Goods |
High |
| Cable Insulation |
High |
| Heat-Resistant Vulcanizates |
High |
SECTION 7: INDUSTRY SUITABILITY MATRIX
| Industry |
Suitability |
Explanation |
| Tire Manufacturing |
High |
Low-sulfur curing systems |
| Automotive Rubber |
High |
Hoses, belts, seals, gaskets (heat-resistant) |
| Industrial Rubber |
High |
Conveyor belts, rollers, technical goods |
| Footwear |
High |
Rubber soles and components |
| Cable Industry |
High |
Insulation and sheathing compounds |
| General Rubber Goods |
High |
Various molded and extruded products |
| Heat-Resistant Products |
High |
High-temperature applications |
| Latex Products |
Low |
Due to dispersion difficulties |
SECTION 8: DOSAGE AND APPLICATION
8.1. Recommended Dosage
| Application |
Dosage (phr) |
| General Use (DTDM-80) |
0.5 - 2.0 phr |
| Low-Sulfur System |
0.5 - 1.5 phr (DTDM-80) + 0.3 - 0.8 phr (sulfur) |
| Sulfurless System |
1.0 - 2.0 phr (DTDM-80) |
| With Sulfenamide Accelerator |
0.5 - 1.0 phr (DTDM-80) + 0.5 - 1.5 phr (sulfenamide) |
| With MBTS |
0.5 - 1.0 phr (DTDM-80) + 0.5 - 1.0 phr (MBTS) |
8.2. Advantages of Pre-Dispersed Form (DTDM-80)
| Advantage |
Description |
| Excellent Dispersion |
Prevents localized over-cured areas |
| Consistent Performance |
Ensures stable vulcanizate properties |
| Reduced Dust |
Cleaner handling compared to powder form |
| Easy Weighing |
Granules facilitate accurate measurement |
| Shorter Mixing Time |
Suitable for compounds requiring short mixing cycles |
| Better Homogeneity |
Uniform distribution in rubber matrix |
SECTION 9: OTHER NAMES AND IDENTIFIERS
| Type |
Name / Description |
| IUPAC Name |
4,4'-Dithiodimorpholine |
| Chemical Name |
Dithiodimorpholine |
| Commercial Names |
Accelerator DTDM, Rhenogran DTDM-80, Rhenoslab DTDM-80 |
| Common Names |
DTDM, 4,4'-Dithiodimorpholine |
| CAS Number |
103-34-4 |
| EC Number |
203-102-6 |
| HS Code |
29342000.00 |
SECTION 10: PRODUCTION METHOD
| Parameter |
Description |
| Method |
Morpholine + Sulfur monochloride → 4,4'-Dithiodimorpholine |
| Reaction |
Controlled oxidation/chlorination reaction |
| Purification |
Crystallization |
| Purity |
≥ 98% (typical commercial) |
| Formulation |
DTDM-80: 80% DTDM + 20% elastomer binder |
SECTION 11: TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH EFFECTS
| Parameter |
Value / Description |
| GHS Classification |
Warning |
| Hazard Statements |
H315 (Causes skin irritation), H319 (Causes serious eye irritation), H317 (May cause allergic skin reaction) |
| Precautionary Statements |
P261 (Avoid breathing dust), P280 (Wear protective gloves/protective clothing/eye protection/face protection), P302+P352 (IF ON SKIN: Wash with plenty of water), P305+P351+P338 (IF IN EYES: Rinse cautiously with water) |
| Oral LD50 (Rat) |
~1,000-2,000 mg/kg |
| Dermal LD50 (Rabbit) |
> 2,000 mg/kg |
| Skin Irritation |
Irritant; may cause contact dermatitis |
| Eye Irritation |
Irritant |
| Skin Sensitization |
Positive (allergic contact dermatitis) |
| Mutagenicity |
Negative (Ames test) |
| Carcinogenicity |
Not classified |
| Reproductive Toxicity |
Not classified |
| Target Organs |
Skin, eyes, respiratory system |
SECTION 12: SAFETY AND STORAGE
| Parameter |
Information |
| Storage Conditions |
Cool, dry, well-ventilated area |
| Temperature |
Room temperature (15-30°C) |
| Container |
Tightly closed, original packaging |
| Materials to Avoid |
Strong oxidizers, strong acids, strong bases |
| Shelf Life |
24 months (under recommended conditions) |
| Packaging |
25 kg bags, 500 kg big bags |
SECTION 13: TRANSPORT INFORMATION
| Parameter |
Information |
| UN Number |
Not regulated (not classified as dangerous goods) |
| Hazard Class |
Not applicable |
| Packing Group |
Not applicable |
| Proper Shipping Name |
4,4'-Dithiodimorpholine |
| ADR/RID |
Not regulated |
| IMDG Code |
Not regulated |
| IATA (Air) |
Not regulated |
| Marine Pollutant |
No |
SECTION 14: FIRE-FIGHTING MEASURES
| Parameter |
Information |
| Fire Hazard |
Combustible dust |
| Extinguishing Media |
Water fog, CO₂, dry chemical, foam |
| Special Hazards |
When heated, releases sulfur oxides (SOₓ) and nitrogen oxides (NOₓ) |
| Decomposition Products |
Sulfur oxides, nitrogen oxides, CO, CO₂ |
| Protective Equipment |
Self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA), full protective clothing |
SECTION 15: ACCIDENTAL RELEASE AND CLEANUP
| Parameter |
Information |
| Personal Protection |
Gloves, safety goggles, dust mask |
| Ventilation |
Increase ventilation |
| Cleanup Methods |
Sweep or vacuum while preventing dust formation; collect in sealed containers |
| Environmental Precautions |
Prevent entry into drains |
| Waste Disposal |
According to local regulations |
SECTION 16: REGULATORY INFORMATION
| Region / Authority |
Status |
| EU REACH |
Registered |
| Turkey KKDİK |
Registration required |
| USA TSCA |
Listed |
| USA FDA |
Regulated for food contact (21 CFR) |
| EINECS |
203-102-6 |
SECTION 17: SUMMARY AND CRITICAL WARNINGS
Product Summary
| Parameter |
Value |
| Product |
DTDM-80 (4,4'-Dithiodimorpholine) |
| CAS |
103-34-4 |
| Appearance |
Off-white to beige granules |
| Active Content |
80% DTDM |
| Density |
~1.23 g/cm³ |
| Primary Use |
Sulfur donor vulcanization agent |
| Key Industries |
Tire, automotive rubber, industrial rubber |
CRITICAL WARNINGS
-
Sulfur Donor Agent: DTDM is an effective sulfur donor vulcanization agent for low-sulfur or sulfurless curing systems. It provides active sulfur for crosslink formation.
-
Superior Heat Resistance: Rubber products cured with DTDM exhibit better heat and aging resistance compared to conventional sulfur vulcanization. This is particularly pronounced when used with sulfenamide accelerators.
-
Low Bloom: DTDM shows lower blooming tendency compared to elemental sulfur, which is advantageous for aesthetically sensitive products.
-
Synergistic System: DTDM exhibits synergistic effects with sulfenamide accelerators (CBS, TBBS, MBS), providing enhanced mechanical properties and heat resistance.
-
Crosslink Type: DTDM forms a higher proportion of mono- and disulfidic crosslinks compared to elemental sulfur. This provides better compression set and heat resistance.
-
Odor: Lower odor level compared to elemental sulfur.
-
Pre-Dispersed Form Advantage: DTDM-80 pre-dispersed form provides excellent dispersion, preventing localized over-cured areas and ensuring consistent vulcanizate performance.
-
Skin Sensitization: DTDM may cause allergic skin reactions (H317). Appropriate PPE required during handling.
-
Storage: Store in cool, dry, well-ventilated areas. Keep away from strong oxidizers, acids, and bases.
-
Regulatory Status: Registered under REACH. Food contact regulated under FDA 21 CFR.
IMPORTANT DISCLAIMER: This Technical Data Sheet (TDS) is for informational purposes only and is based on available technical data. The user is solely responsible for determining the product's suitability for their specific application and for complying with all applicable local, national, and international regulations. For complete safety, storage, handling, transportation, disposal, and regulatory compliance information, always refer to the official Safety Data Sheet (SDS/MSDS) provided by the manufacturer/supplier. Users are responsible for testing the product in their own processes and applications. All local, national, and international regulations must be followed when working with DTDM-80.
