Barium Hydroxide, Barium Dihydroxide, Barium Hydroxide Anhydrous, Barium Hydroxide Monohydrate, Barium Hydroxide Octahydrate, 17194-00-2, 12230-71-6

BARIUM HYDROXIDE (Ba(OH)₂)

PRODUCT IDENTIFICATION INFORMATION

CHEMICAL STRUCTURE

        OH⁻
         |
    Ba²⁺ — OH⁻

    Barium Hydroxide (Ba(OH)₂)
    Ionic Structure

Molecular Formula: Ba(OH)₂
SMILES: [Ba+2].[OH-].[OH-]
InChI: InChI=1S/Ba.2H2O/h;2*1H2/q+2;;/p-2
Crystal System: Monoclinic (Octahydrate); Orthorhombic (Monohydrate)

SECTION 1: CHEMICAL IDENTITY AND DEFINITION

SECTION 2: PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

SECTION 3: CHEMICAL PROPERTIES AND REACTIVITY

SECTION 4: COMPARISON OF COMMON BARIUM COMPOUNDS

SECTION 5: PRODUCTION METHODS

Method 1: Reaction of Barium Oxide with Water (Main Industrial Method)

• Reaction: BaO + H₂O → Ba(OH)₂

• Description: Barium oxide (BaO) is reacted with water; Vigorous exothermic reaction; Barium hydroxide is formed; Most common industrial production method

Method 2: Reaction of Barium Sulfide with Sodium Hydroxide

• Reaction: BaS + 2NaOH → Ba(OH)₂ + Na₂S

• Description: Barium sulfide is reacted with sodium hydroxide; Barium hydroxide and sodium sulfide are formed; Alternative production method

Method 3: Reaction of Barium Chloride with Sodium Hydroxide

• Reaction: BaCl₂ + 2NaOH → Ba(OH)₂ + 2NaCl

• Description: Barium chloride is reacted with sodium hydroxide; Barium hydroxide precipitate is formed; Laboratory-scale production

Method 4: From Natural Barite (Barite - Carbon Reduction)

• Process: Barite (BaSO₄) → Carbon reduction (BaS) → Leaching → Reaction with NaOH → Ba(OH)₂

• Description: Barite is reduced with carbon to form barium sulfide (BaS); After leaching, reacted with sodium hydroxide; Barium hydroxide is produced

Method 5: Purification by Crystallization

• Process: Crude Ba(OH)₂ → Dissolve in hot water → Filtration → Cooling → Crystallization → Ba(OH)₂·8H₂O

• Description: Crude barium hydroxide is dissolved in hot water; Impurities are removed by filtration; Cooling yields octahydrate crystals

SECTION 6: FUNCTIONAL PROPERTIES AND MECHANISM OF ACTION

SECTION 7: MAIN APPLICATION AREAS

SECTION 8: QUALITY SPECIFICATIONS (TECHNICAL / REAGENT GRADE)

SECTION 9: TOXICOLOGICAL PROFILE

SECTION 10: GHS CLASSIFICATION AND LABELING

GHS Classification (Compliant with CLP and UN GHS):

Signal Word: DANGER

Hazard Pictograms: GHS05 (Corrosion), GHS07 (Exclamation Mark), GHS09 (Environment)

Hazard Statements (H-Codes):

NFPA 704 Hazard Classification:

SECTION 11: PRECAUTIONARY STATEMENTS (P-CODES)

SECTION 12: FIRST AID MEASURES

SECTION 13: FIREFIGHTING MEASURES

SECTION 14: STORAGE AND SHELF LIFE

SECTION 15: PACKAGING OPTIONS

SECTION 16: TRANSPORT INFORMATION

SECTION 17: REGULATORY STATUS

SECTION 18: OTHER NAMES AND SYNONYMS

SECTION 19: SUMMARY TABLE

SECTION 20: CRITICAL WARNINGS AND BEST PRACTICES

CRITICAL WARNINGS:

• Causes severe skin burns and eye damage (H314/H318). Corrosive substance. AVOID skin and eye contact AT ALL COSTS.

• Harmful if swallowed (H302). High toxicity. Avoid ingestion.

• May cause respiratory irritation (H335). Avoid inhalation of dust.

• Hygroscopic. Absorbs moisture from air.

• Absorbs CO₂ from air. Forms barium carbonate (BaCO₃). Store in airtight containers.

• Reacts vigorously and exothermically with acids. Use caution during neutralization reactions.

• Not combustible but decomposes at high temperatures releasing toxic barium oxide fumes.

• Incompatibilities: Keep away from strong acids, carbon dioxide, sulfuric acid, oxidizing agents, and metal halides.

• Hazardous to water and environment (H412). Prevent environmental release. Do not discharge into water sources.

• Poisoning Symptoms: Stomach pain, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, elevated blood pressure, irregular pulse.

• Store separately and away from food materials. Store locked up.

BEST PRACTICE RECOMMENDATIONS:

• Analytical Chemistry Applications: Use as a strong base in acid-base titrations; Use in standard solution preparation; Use in pH adjustments; Use high-purity reagent for accurate results.

• Chemical Industry: Use as catalyst in thermoplastic production; Use in polymerization reactions; Use as catalyst in organic synthesis; Control reaction conditions.

• Soap and Oil Industry: Use in saponification of oils and fats; Use in soap production; Use in glycerin production; Control reaction conditions.

• Water Treatment: Use as pH regulator in industrial water treatment; Use in sulfate removal processes; Use in heavy metal precipitation processes; Control dosage.

• Handling: Use in well-ventilated areas or under fume hoods; Avoid dust generation; Wear chemical-resistant gloves, protective goggles, face shield, and appropriate respiratory protection.

• Personal Protective Equipment: Wear impermeable gloves (nitrile, neoprene, butyl), chemical safety goggles, full-face shield, protective clothing (acid-resistant), and NIOSH-approved dust mask/respirator.

• Hygiene: Do not eat, drink, or smoke when using; Wash hands thoroughly after handling; Do not take contaminated working clothes home; Shower at the end of the work shift.

• Storage: Store in tightly closed, properly labeled containers in dry conditions; Use airtight containers to prevent CO₂ absorption from air; Store separately and away from acids; Store away from food materials; Store locked up.

• Spill Response: Avoid raising dust; Wear full PPE (corrosive-resistant); Sweep spilled substance into covered containers; Do not allow to enter drains or waterways; Place in properly labeled closed containers.

• Disposal: Dispose of in accordance with local, regional, and national regulations; Do not discharge into sewers or water sources; Barium compounds are regulated as hazardous waste.

SPECIAL NOTE ON ACID NEUTRALIZATION:

Barium hydroxide undergoes neutralization reactions with acids:

• Reaction: Ba(OH)₂ + 2HCl → BaCl₂ + 2H₂O (vigorous exothermic)

• Heat Generation: Significant heat is released during neutralization

• Hazard: Splashing and burn risk

• Precaution: Add acid slowly and controlled; Provide cooling; Use appropriate PPE

SPECIAL NOTE ON CARBONATE FORMATION:

Barium hydroxide absorbs carbon dioxide from air:

• Reaction: Ba(OH)₂ + CO₂ → BaCO₃ + H₂O

• Effect: Forms barium carbonate layer on surface; Purity decreases; Reactivity changes

• Precaution: Store in airtight containers; Store under inert atmosphere; Perform periodic analysis for long-term storage

POISONING EMERGENCY PROCEDURE:

• Poisoning Symptoms: Stomach pain, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, elevated blood pressure, irregular pulse, difficulty breathing

• Emergency Response:

  1. Immediately call a POISON CENTER/doctor

  2. Rapidly administer magnesium sulfate or sodium sulfate (sulfate ions precipitate and bind barium)

  3. Perform gastric lavage

  4. Administer enema

  5. Take emetic measures

  6. Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person

LEGAL DISCLAIMER:

The information provided in this document is based on our current knowledge and experience and is presented in good faith. However, as all conditions of use are beyond our control, this document does not constitute a binding specification or warranty. This Technical Data Sheet is for informational purposes only. Users are responsible for testing suitability for their own applications. For complete safety, storage, handling, transportation, waste, and regulatory compliance information, please refer to the official Safety Data Sheet (SDS/MSDS) provided by the manufacturer/supplier.