Water Conditioning, Pool
Do you have questions?
We unleash your business potential by maximize the business innovation.
Send EmailPotassium Permanganate, Chameleon Mineral, Hypermangan, 7722-64-7
POTASSIUM PERMANGANATE
KMnO₄ | CAS: 7722-64-7
Chameleon Mineral / Condy's Crystals / Hypermangan
1. IDENTIFICATION
| Property | Information |
|---|---|
| Chemical Name | Potassium Permanganate |
| Common Names | Condy's Crystals, Chameleon Mineral, Hypermangan, Potassium Manganate(VII) |
| Chemical Formula | KMnO₄ |
| Molecular Weight | 158.032 g/mol |
| CAS Number | 7722-64-7 |
| EC Number | 231-760-3 |
| E Number | Not applicable |
| Appearance | Purple-bronze gray needles / dark purple crystalline solid |
| Odor | Odorless |
2. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
| Property | Value |
|---|---|
| Physical State (20°C) | Solid (crystalline powder / needles) |
| Color | Purple-bronze gray to dark purple crystals |
| Melting Point | 240 °C (decomposes) |
| Boiling Point | Decomposes before boiling |
| Density | 2.7 g/cm³ |
| Solubility in Water (20°C) | High (approx. 6.4 g/100 mL) |
| Vapor Pressure | Negligible |
| Odor | Odorless |
| Forms Available | Powder, crystalline, tablets |
Note: Although it may appear brownish from a distance, detailed inspection reveals its characteristic purple color.
3. CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
| Property | Value |
|---|---|
| Molecular Formula | KMnO₄ |
| Molecular Weight | 158.032 g/mol |
| pH (aqueous solution) | Neutral (approximately 7.0) |
| Oxidizing Properties | Very strong oxidizing agent |
| Stability | Stable under normal conditions |
| Decomposition | Decomposes when heated, releasing oxygen and forming manganese dioxide (MnO₂) |
| Reaction with Organics | Reacts violently with organic materials |
| Solution Color | Characteristic magenta / bright purple / dark pink |
Chemical Structure:
-
1 Potassium atom (K)
-
1 Manganese atom (Mn)
-
4 Oxygen atoms (O)
Decomposition Reaction:
text
2 KMnO₄ + Heat → K₂MnO₄ + MnO₂ + O₂ ↑
4. REACTIVITY & STABILITY
| Parameter | Information |
|---|---|
| Stability | Stable under normal temperatures and pressures |
| Oxidizing Power | Stronger oxidizing agent compared to Sodium Dichromate |
| Incompatible Materials | Concentrated sulfuric acid, glycerol, alcohols, organic materials, reducing agents, combustible materials |
| Hazardous Reactions | Violent reactions with concentrated H₂SO₄, glycerol, and some alcohols |
| Decomposition Products | Manganese dioxide (MnO₂ – dark brown), oxygen |
| Staining Property | Stains organic materials dark brown due to reduced MnO₂ formation |
5. APPLICATIONS
5.1. Denim & Textile Industry
| Application | Function |
|---|---|
| Denim Bleaching | Applied by spray or brushing methods to create faded/aged appearance on jeans |
| Textile Processing | For aesthetic finishing of denim fabrics |
5.2. Water Treatment
| Application | Function |
|---|---|
| Drinking Water Treatment | Removal of bad odors and tastes |
| Iron & Manganese Removal | Oxidizes dissolved iron (Fe²⁺) and manganese (Mn²⁺) for precipitation and filtration |
| Disinfection | Attacks bacteria, viruses, fungi, and algae; disinfects water rapidly |
| Taste & Odor Control | Eliminates metallic taste from untreated water |
Reactions for Iron and Manganese Removal:
-
Iron: 2 KMnO₄ + 3 Fe²⁺ + ... → MnO₂ + 3 Fe³⁺ + ...
-
Manganese: 2 KMnO₄ + 3 Mn²⁺ + ... → 5 MnO₂ + ...
5.3. Aquatic Pest Control
| Application | Function |
|---|---|
| Zebra Mussel Control | Controls invasive Asian clams and zebra mussels in water systems |
| Biofouling Prevention | Prevents clogging of water intake systems and pipelines |
5.4. Fish Farming & Aquaculture
| Application | Function |
|---|---|
| Pond Cleaning | Cleans and disinfects fish ponds |
| Water Clarification | Clarifies water in fish farms |
| Disease Control | Controls various pathogens in aquaculture |
Important: Application protocols must be determined by experts according to relevant regulations and standards.
5.5. Fire Extinguishing Systems
| Application | Function |
|---|---|
| Pyrophobic Systems | Used in chemical fire extinguishing systems |
| Oxygen Depletion | Consumes oxygen, preventing combustion |
| Fire Extinguishers | Component in certain fire extinguishing devices |
5.6. Lubricants & Greases
| Application | Function |
|---|---|
| Lubricant Manufacturing | Used together with Triethanolamine (85%) in lubricating oil production |
| High Temperature Greases | Used to create stable high-temperature lubricating greases and emulsions |
5.7. Organic Chemistry
| Application | Function |
|---|---|
| Organic Synthesis | Reacts with various organic compounds as an oxidizing agent |
| Chemical Reactions | Used in synthesis of different organic compounds |
5.8. Analytical Chemistry
| Application | Function |
|---|---|
| Quantitative Analysis | Used to determine the amount of oxidizable organic matter |
| Titration | Standard oxidizing agent in permanganometric titrations |
| Concentration Determination | For measuring organic substance concentrations |
5.9. Other Applications
| Application | Function |
|---|---|
| DBP Control | Helps control and reduce the formation of Disinfection By-Products (DBPs) |
| Disinfectant | General disinfection purposes |
| Deodorizer | Removal of unpleasant odors |
| Surface Treatment | Various surface treatment applications |
6. FORMULATION EXAMPLES (Typical Usage Levels)
| Application Area | Typical Concentration | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Drinking Water Treatment | 0.1 – 5 mg/L | Depends on iron/manganese levels |
| Denim Bleaching | 5 – 20 g/L | Spray or brush application |
| Pond Disinfection | 2 – 10 mg/L | Expert supervision required |
| Wastewater Treatment | 1 – 10 mg/L | Depends on contaminant levels |
7. STORAGE & HANDLING
| Parameter | Information |
|---|---|
| Storage Conditions | Cool, dry, well-ventilated area |
| Incompatible Materials | Store away from combustible materials, organic substances, reducing agents, acids, glycerol, alcohols |
| Container Requirements | Tightly closed, corrosion-resistant containers (glass, plastic, stainless steel) |
| Protect From | Heat, moisture, reducing agents, organic materials |
| Shelf Life | 12-24 months when stored properly |
| Packaging Types | 25 kg drums, 50 kg drums, plastic bottles, HDPE containers |
8. SAFETY & HEALTH INFORMATION
GHS Classification
| Hazard Class | Category |
|---|---|
| Oxidizing Solids | Category 2 |
| Acute Toxicity (Oral) | Category 4 |
| Corrosive to Metals | Category 1 |
| Aquatic Toxicity | Category 1 (Very toxic to aquatic life) |
Hazard Statements (H-Codes)
| Code | Statement |
|---|---|
| H272 | May intensify fire; oxidizer |
| H302 | Harmful if swallowed |
| H410 | Very toxic to aquatic life with long-lasting effects |
Precautionary Statements (P-Codes)
| Code | Statement |
|---|---|
| P210 | Keep away from heat, hot surfaces, sparks, open flames |
| P220 | Keep away from combustible materials |
| P280 | Wear protective gloves, protective clothing, eye protection |
| P301+P312 | IF SWALLOWED: Call a POISON CENTER if you feel unwell |
| P305+P351+P338 | IF IN EYES: Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes |
First Aid Measures
| Exposure Route | Action |
|---|---|
| Inhalation | Remove to fresh air. Seek medical attention if respiratory irritation occurs. |
| Skin Contact | Wash with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes. Remove contaminated clothing. |
| Eye Contact | Rinse immediately with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes. Seek immediate medical attention. |
| Ingestion | Do NOT induce vomiting. Rinse mouth. Drink milk or water. Seek immediate medical attention. |
NFPA 704
| Health (Blue) | Fire (Red) | Reactivity (Yellow) | Special (White) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2 | 0 | 1 | OX (Oxidizer) |
9. ENVIRONMENTAL INFORMATION
| Parameter | Information |
|---|---|
| Aquatic Toxicity | Very toxic to aquatic life (fish, algae, invertebrates) |
| Persistence | Readily reduced to manganese dioxide (MnO₂) in natural waters |
| Bioaccumulation | Not expected (manganese is an essential trace element) |
| Ecological Effects | May cause discoloration of water at high concentrations |
| Waste Disposal | Dispose according to local regulations. Do not discharge into natural water bodies without treatment. |
10. REGULATORY INFORMATION
| Region | Status |
|---|---|
| EU | Registered under REACH (EC) 1907/2006 |
| USA (EPA) | Listed as hazardous substance; regulated under Clean Water Act |
| Turkey | Subject to environmental regulations for hazardous substances |
| Transport Classification | UN 1490 (Potassium permanganate) |
| Hazard Class | 5.1 (Oxidizing substances) |
| Packing Group | II |
11. TRANSPORT INFORMATION
| Parameter | Information |
|---|---|
| UN Number | 1490 |
| Hazard Class | 5.1 (Oxidizing substance) |
| Packing Group | II |
| Proper Shipping Name | POTASSIUM PERMANGANATE |
| Marine Pollutant | Yes |
| ADR/RID Label | 5.1 + 9 (Environmentally hazardous) |
12. OTHER NAMES & SYNONYMS
| Name | Description |
|---|---|
| Potassium Permanganate | Primary chemical name |
| Condy's Crystals | Historical name |
| Chameleon Mineral | Due to color change during reactions |
| Hypermangan | Alternative name |
| Potassium Manganate(VII) | IUPAC systematic name |
| KMnO₄ | Chemical formula abbreviation |
Database Identifiers:
-
CAS: 7722-64-7
-
EC: 231-760-3
-
MDL: MFCD00011364
-
RTECS: SD6475000
-
UN: 1490
13. SUMMARY
Potassium Permanganate (KMnO₄, CAS 7722-64-7) is a very strong, versatile oxidizing agent in the form of dark purple crystalline solid.
Key Features:
| Feature | Description |
|---|---|
| Strong Oxidizing Power | Stronger oxidizing agent compared to Sodium Dichromate |
| Characteristic Color | Magenta/purple color in solution |
| Thermal Decomposition | Decomposes when heated, releasing oxygen |
| Reactivity | Reacts vigorously with organic materials |
| Staining | Produces dark brown MnO₂ stains upon reduction |
Main Application Areas:
| Sector | Applications |
|---|---|
| Water Treatment | Iron/manganese removal, disinfection, taste/odor control, DBP control |
| Denim Industry | Bleaching and aesthetic finishing of jeans |
| Aquaculture | Pond disinfection and water clarification |
| Fire Safety | Oxygen-consuming agent in fire extinguishing systems |
| Chemical Industry | Organic synthesis, analytical chemistry (titrations) |
| Lubricants | High-temperature grease and emulsion production |
14. IMPORTANT NOTES
-
Strong Oxidizer: Potassium permanganate is a powerful oxidizing agent. Keep away from combustible and organic materials.
-
Staining: Contact with skin or clothing will cause dark brown stains (from MnO₂). Stains can be removed with dilute acid or reducing agents (e.g., oxalic acid, sodium bisulfite).
-
Reactivity: Do not mix with concentrated sulfuric acid, glycerol, alcohols, or other reducing agents – violent reactions may occur.
-
Water Treatment: Iron and manganese removal efficiency depends on proper dosing. Overdosing may cause pink coloration of treated water.
-
Expert Supervision: Applications in fish farming and aquaculture must be performed under expert supervision according to local regulations.
-
Solution Color Note: The characteristic purple/magenta color of the solution is an indicator of its concentration and oxidative state.
Important Disclaimer: This Technical Data Sheet (TDS) is for informational purposes only. For complete safety, handling, storage, and regulatory compliance information, always refer to the official Safety Data Sheet (SDS) provided by the manufacturer/supplier. Due to its strong oxidizing properties, special care must be taken during handling and storage.
