COENZYME Q10 – KOENZİM Q10

CAS Number: 303-98-0
EC Number (EINECS): 206-147-9
Molecular Formula: C₅₉H₉₀O₄
Molecular Weight: 863.34 g/mol
Chemical Class: Benzoquinone (ubiquinone)

SECTION 1: CHEMICAL IDENTITY AND DEFINITION

Parameter	Information
Chemical Name (IUPAC)	2-[(2E,6E,10E,14E,18E,22E,26E,30E,34E)-3,7,11,15,19,23,27,31,35,39-decamethyltetraconta-2,6,10,14,18,22,26,30,34,38-decaenyl]-5,6-dimethoxy-3-methylcyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione
Other Names	Coenzyme Q10, CoQ10, Ubiquinone, Ubidecarenone, Vitamin Q10, Vitamin Q
Chemical Formula	C₅₉H₉₀O₄
Molecular Weight	863.34 g/mol
CAS Number	303-98-0
EC Number (EINECS)	206-147-9
Chemical Class	Benzoquinone (ubiquinone)
Appearance	Yellow to orange, crystalline powder
Odor	Odorless
Physical State (20°C)	Solid (crystalline powder)
Solubility	Lipophilic (fat-soluble)
Biological Form	Ubiquinone (oxidized form) and Ubiquinol (reduced form)

SECTION 2: PHYSICAL PROPERTIES

Property	Value
Appearance	Yellow to orange, crystalline powder
Odor	Odorless
Molecular Weight	863.34 g/mol
Melting Point	48 – 52 °C
Density	~0.98 g/cm³
Solubility in Water	Insoluble
Solubility in Lipids/Oils	Soluble
Solubility in Ethanol	Slightly soluble
Solubility in Chloroform	Soluble
Solubility in Hexane	Soluble
Log P (octanol/water)	~12.0 (highly lipophilic)
UV Absorption (λmax)	275 nm
Stability	Sensitive to light, heat, and oxygen
Optical Rotation	Not optically active

SECTION 3: CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

Property	Information
Chemical Formula	C₅₉H₉₀O₄
Molecular Weight	863.34 g/mol
Chemical Class	Benzoquinone (ubiquinone)
Structure	Quinone ring with a long isoprenoid side chain (10 units)
Functional Groups	Quinone, methoxy (-OCH₃), methyl (-CH₃)
SMILES	COC1=C(OC)C(=O)C(CC=C(C)CCCC(C)CCCC(C)CCCC(C)CCCC(C)CCCC(C)CCCC(C)CCCC(C)CCCC(C)CCCC(C)CCCC(C)CCCC(C)C)=C(C)C1=O
InChI Key	ACTIUHUUMQJHFO-UPTCCGCDSA-N
Redox Activity	Reversibly oxidized (ubiquinone) and reduced (ubiquinol)
Stability	Sensitive to light, heat, oxygen, and strong oxidizing agents
Incompatible Materials	Strong oxidizing agents, strong acids, strong bases

Chemical Structure:

    O
    ||
    C
   / \
  /   \
 C     C
 |     |
OCH₃  CH₃
 |     |
 C-----C
  \   /
   \ /
    C
    ||
    O

 (Quinone ring with 10-unit isoprenoid side chain)

SECTION 4: FORMS OF COENZYME Q10

Form	Description	Role
Ubiquinone (Oxidized Form)	Fully oxidized form	Electron acceptor in electron transport chain
Ubiquinol (Reduced Form)	Fully reduced form (with two extra hydrogens)	Electron donor; antioxidant activity
Ubisemiquinone (Semi-reduced)	Intermediate form	Free radical intermediate
CoQ10 (Pharmaceutical Grade)	High purity (≥ 99%)	Supplement formulations
CoQ10 (Fermentation)	Derived from microbial fermentation	Natural production

SECTION 5: BIOLOGICAL MECHANISM AND FUNCTION

Parameter	Description
Primary Function	Essential coenzyme in mitochondrial electron transport chain
Role in ATP Production	Transfers electrons from Complex I and II to Complex III
Energy Production	Facilitates ATP synthesis; cellular energy production
Antioxidant Activity	Scavenges free radicals; protects cells from oxidative damage
Regeneration	Regenerates other antioxidants (Vitamin C, Vitamin E)
Membrane Protection	Protects cell membranes from lipid peroxidation
Cellular Distribution	Highest concentrations in mitochondria, heart, liver, kidneys

SECTION 6: HEALTH BENEFITS

Benefit	Description
Heart Health	Supports heart muscle energy production; may improve cardiac function
Antioxidant Protection	Protects cells and mitochondria from oxidative stress
Energy Production	Enhances cellular energy production; reduces fatigue
Skin Health	Anti-aging effects; reduces wrinkles; skin protection
Cognitive Function	Supports brain energy metabolism; neuroprotective effects
Muscle Performance	May improve exercise performance; reduces muscle fatigue
Gum Health	Supports periodontal health
Blood Pressure	May help maintain healthy blood pressure levels

SECTION 7: APPLICATIONS

7.1. Dietary Supplements

Application	Function
Energy Supplements	Increases cellular energy; reduces fatigue
Heart Health Supplements	Supports cardiovascular health
Anti-Aging Supplements	Reduces oxidative stress; supports cellular health
Athletic Performance	Enhances muscle energy production
Cognitive Support	Supports brain function and memory
Softgels	Most common form; oil-based for better absorption
Tablets	Powder form; may have lower bioavailability
Liposomal Formulations	Enhanced bioavailability
Water-Soluble Forms	Improved absorption and bioavailability

7.2. Cosmetic and Skin Care Applications

Application	Function
Anti-Aging Creams	Reduces wrinkles; protects skin from oxidative damage
Serums	Skin rejuvenation; antioxidant protection
Moisturizers	Skin health support
Sunscreen Products	Antioxidant protection against UV damage
Eye Creams	Reduces fine lines around eyes

7.3. Pharmaceutical Applications

Application	Function
Cardiovascular Drugs	Adjunctive therapy for heart conditions
Neurological Support	Neuroprotective formulations
Mitochondrial Disorders	Support for mitochondrial function

SECTION 8: NATURAL SOURCES OF COENZYME Q10

Source	Content (mg/100g)
Organ Meats
Beef Heart	113
Beef Liver	39
Pork Heart	28
Muscle Meats
Beef	24-31
Pork	15-24
Chicken	14-23
Fatty Fish
Mackerel	43
Sardine	25
Trout	16
Herring	15
Vegetables
Spinach	0.9
Broccoli	0.6
Cauliflower	0.5
Fruits
Orange	0.3
Strawberry	0.2
Legumes
Soybean	5.4
Lentils	2.1
Peanut	2.0
Oils
Soybean Oil	9.2
Canola Oil	6.1

SECTION 9: QUALITY SPECIFICATIONS (PHARMACEUTICAL GRADE)

Parameter	Specification (USP / Ph. Eur.)
Appearance	Yellow to orange, crystalline powder
Identification	Positive (HPLC, IR)
Assay (HPLC)	98.0 – 101.0%
Melting Point	48 – 52 °C
Loss on Drying	≤ 0.5%
Residue on Ignition	≤ 0.1%
Heavy Metals (as Pb)	≤ 10 ppm
Lead (Pb)	≤ 2 ppm
Arsenic (As)	≤ 3 ppm
Mercury (Hg)	≤ 1 ppm
Cadmium (Cd)	≤ 1 ppm
Total Impurities	≤ 1.0%
Related Substances	≤ 0.5%
Water Content	≤ 0.5%
Peroxide Value	≤ 5.0 meq/kg

SECTION 10: MICROBIOLOGICAL SPECIFICATIONS

Parameter	Specification
Total Aerobic Mesophilic Bacteria	≤ 1,000 CFU/g
Yeast and Mold	≤ 100 CFU/g
Salmonella spp.	Negative in 25g
Escherichia coli	Negative in 10g

SECTION 11: BIOAVAILABILITY AND ABSORPTION

Parameter	Information
Absorption	Poorly absorbed; lipophilic nature limits absorption
Bioavailability	Low (only 2-5% absorbed)
Food Effect	Absorption significantly enhanced with fat-containing meals
Formulation Effect	Oil-based formulations, liposomes, and water-soluble forms improve absorption
Peak Plasma Level	5-6 hours after ingestion
Distribution	Widely distributed; highest concentrations in heart, liver, kidneys
Metabolism	Metabolized in liver
Half-Life	~33 hours
Excretion	Bile and feces

SECTION 12: TYPICAL DOSAGE

Application	Recommended Dosage	Form
General Health	30-100 mg/day	Softgel, Tablet
Heart Health	100-200 mg/day	Softgel
Anti-Aging	100-200 mg/day	Softgel
Athletic Performance	100-300 mg/day	Softgel
Therapeutic Use	200-600 mg/day (under supervision)	Softgel, Liquid

SECTION 13: STORAGE AND SHELF LIFE

Parameter	Information
Storage Conditions	Cool (15-25°C), dry, well-ventilated area
Container Requirements	Tightly closed, light-resistant (amber glass or opaque containers)
Protect From	Light, heat, oxygen, strong oxidizing agents
Shelf Life	24-36 months (unopened original packaging)
Stability Note	Light and oxygen sensitive; color change indicates degradation

SECTION 14: PACKAGING OPTIONS

Packaging Type	Quantity	Material
Aluminum foil bag	1-5 kg	Laminated aluminum
Plastic pail	20-25 kg	HDPE
Fiber drum	25-50 kg	HDPE + PE
Glass bottle	100-500 g	Amber glass
Big-Bag	500-1000 kg	Polypropylene (with PE liner)

SECTION 15: SAFETY AND HEALTH INFORMATION

GHS Classification (Bulk Powder)

Hazard Class	Category
Not classified as hazardous	-

Hazard Statements

Code	Statement
None	Not classified as hazardous

Precautionary Statements

Code	Statement
P261	Avoid breathing dust
P280	Wear protective gloves/eye protection
P305+P351+P338	IF IN EYES: Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes; remove contact lenses if present and easy to do; continue rinsing

SECTION 16: TOXICOLOGICAL INFORMATION

Parameter	Value
Oral LD50 (Rat)	> 10,000 mg/kg
NOAEL	> 1,000 mg/kg/day
Carcinogenicity	Not classified
Mutagenicity	Negative in standard tests
Reproductive Toxicity	No evidence of adverse effects
Safety Profile	Excellent safety profile; well tolerated
Side Effects	Rare; may include mild gastrointestinal discomfort (nausea, diarrhea)

SECTION 17: FIRST AID MEASURES

Exposure Route	Action
Inhalation	Move to fresh air. If respiratory irritation persists, seek medical attention.
Skin Contact	Wash with plenty of soap and water.
Eye Contact	Rinse immediately with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes. Seek medical attention.
Ingestion	Rinse mouth. Drink plenty of water. Seek medical attention.

SECTION 18: REGULATORY STATUS

Region / Authority	Status
European Union	Approved as food supplement and cosmetic ingredient
USA (FDA)	Approved as dietary supplement and cosmetic ingredient
Turkey	Approved (Turkish Food Codex and Cosmetic Regulation)
JECFA (FAO/WHO)	Approved as food supplement
EFSA	Approved; health claims evaluated
China	Approved as food ingredient and cosmetic ingredient
Japan	Approved as quasi-drug

SECTION 19: TRANSPORT INFORMATION

Parameter	Information
UN Number	Not regulated (not dangerous goods)
Hazard Class	Not applicable
Packing Group	Not applicable
ADR/RID	Not regulated
IMDG Code	Not regulated
IATA (Air)	Not regulated
Marine Pollutant	No

SECTION 20: FIRE-FIGHTING MEASURES

Parameter	Information
Fire Hazard	Combustible organic solid
Suitable Extinguishing Media	Water spray (mist), CO₂, dry chemical powder
Specific Hazards	When heated, emits CO, CO₂
Decomposition Products	CO, CO₂
Protective Equipment	Self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA), full protective clothing

SECTION 21: ACCIDENTAL SPILLAGE AND CLEANUP

Parameter	Information
Personal Protection	Nitrile gloves, protective goggles, dust mask (N95)
Cleaning Methods	Collect mechanically (sweep or spatula)
Environmental Precautions	Prevent entry into drains, soil, and surface waters
Waste Disposal	According to local regulations; incineration or landfilling at licensed facilities

SECTION 22: OTHER NAMES AND SYNONYMS

Type	Name
Turkish Names	Koenzim Q10, Koenzim Q, Vitamin Q10, Ubikinon
English Names	Coenzyme Q10, CoQ10, Ubiquinone, Ubidecarenone, Vitamin Q10
Chemical Names	2,3-Dimethoxy-5-methyl-6-decaprenyl-1,4-benzoquinone
Abbreviations	CoQ10, Q10
CAS Number	303-98-0
EC Number	206-147-9
INCI	Ubiquinone

Trade Names (Partial List):

Q-Gel®
Kaneka Q10®
Various generics

SECTION 23: COMPARISON: UBIQUINONE VS UBIQUINOL

Property	Ubiquinone (Oxidized)	Ubiquinol (Reduced)
Form	Oxidized form	Reduced form
Absorption	Moderate	Higher
Bioavailability	Standard	Enhanced
Antioxidant Activity	Moderate	Excellent
Role	Electron carrier	Antioxidant
Stability	More stable	Less stable (oxidizes easily)
Cost	Lower	Higher
Preferred Use	General supplementation	Advanced antioxidant support

SECTION 24: SUMMARY AND CRITICAL NOTES

Product Summary

Parameter	Value
Product	Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10)
CAS Number	303-98-0
Appearance	Yellow to orange, crystalline powder
Molecular Weight	863.34 g/mol
Primary Function	Energy production, antioxidant
Solubility	Lipophilic (fat-soluble)

Critical Notes

Energy Production: CoQ10 is essential in mitochondrial electron transport chain for ATP synthesis.
Antioxidant Activity: Protects cells from oxidative stress and regenerates other antioxidants.
Lipophilic: Insoluble in water; requires fat for optimal absorption.
Two Forms: Exists as ubiquinone (oxidized) and ubiquinol (reduced); both forms are biologically active.
Absorption: Bioavailability is low (2-5%); enhanced with fatty meals and oil-based formulations.
Natural Sources: Found in organ meats, fatty fish, muscle meats, and vegetables.
Heart Health: Highest concentration in heart tissue; supports cardiovascular function.
Age-Related Decline: Levels decrease with age; supplementation may be beneficial.
Safety: Excellent safety profile; well tolerated at recommended dosages.
Regulatory Status: Approved as food supplement and cosmetic ingredient in major markets.

IMPORTANT DECLARATION: This Technical Data Sheet (TDS) is for informational purposes only and has been prepared based on available technical data. The user is responsible for determining the product's suitability for their specific application and for complying with all local, national, and international regulations. For complete safety, storage, use, transport, waste, and regulatory compliance information, refer to the official Safety Data Sheet (SDS/MSDS) provided by the manufacturer/supplier. This document does not replace medical advice.

Coenzyme Q10, Vitamin Q10, Ubiquinone, Ubidecarenone, CoQ10, 303-98-0

COENZYME Q10 – KOENZİM Q10

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