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Send EmailCalcium Sulfate, Calcium Sulfate Hemihydrate, Calcium Sulfate Dihydrate, Calcium Sulfate Anhydrous, 10034-76-1, 10034-76-1, 7778-18-9, 10101-41-4
CALCIUM SULFATE – KALSIYUM SÜLFAT
CAS Number: 10034-76-1 (Hemihydrate), 7778-18-9 (Anhydrous), 10101-41-4 (Dihydrate)
EC Number (EINECS): 231-900-3 (Anhydrous), 231-976-8 (Dihydrate)
Molecular Formula: CaSO₄·½H₂O (Hemihydrate), CaSO₄ (Anhydrous), CaSO₄·2H₂O (Dihydrate)
Molecular Weight: 145.15 g/mol (Hemihydrate), 136.14 g/mol (Anhydrous), 172.17 g/mol (Dihydrate)
Chemical Class: Inorganic calcium salt (sulfate)
SECTION 1: CHEMICAL IDENTITY AND DEFINITION
| Parameter | Information |
|---|---|
| Chemical Name (IUPAC) | Calcium sulfate hemihydrate |
| Other Names | Plaster of Paris, Calcined Gypsum, Gypsum Hemihydrate, Paris Plaster |
| Chemical Formula (Hemihydrate) | CaSO₄·½H₂O |
| Chemical Formula (Anhydrous) | CaSO₄ |
| Chemical Formula (Dihydrate) | CaSO₄·2H₂O |
| Molecular Weight (Hemihydrate) | 145.15 g/mol |
| Molecular Weight (Anhydrous) | 136.14 g/mol |
| Molecular Weight (Dihydrate) | 172.17 g/mol |
| CAS Number (Hemihydrate) | 10034-76-1 |
| CAS Number (Anhydrous) | 7778-18-9 |
| CAS Number (Dihydrate) | 10101-41-4 |
| EC Number (Anhydrous) | 231-900-3 |
| EC Number (Dihydrate) | 231-976-8 |
| Chemical Class | Inorganic calcium salt (sulfate) |
| Appearance | White to off-white, fine crystalline powder |
| Odor | Odorless |
| Physical State (20°C) | Solid (powder) |
| Purity (Technical) | 85-95% |
| Purity (Laboratory Grade) | ≥ 98% |
SECTION 2: PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
| Property | Hemihydrate (10034-76-1) | Anhydrous (7778-18-9) | Dihydrate (10101-41-4) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Appearance | White crystalline powder | White powder | White crystalline powder |
| Molecular Weight | 145.15 g/mol | 136.14 g/mol | 172.17 g/mol |
| Density (20°C) | 2.96 g/cm³ | 2.96 g/cm³ | 2.32 g/cm³ |
| Melting Point | ~1450 °C | ~1450 °C | ~1450 °C |
| pH (suspension) | 6-8 | 6-8 | 6-8 |
| Solubility in Water (20°C) | Slightly soluble | Slightly soluble | Slightly soluble |
| Setting Time | Fast (5-15 min) | Slow | Slow |
| Water Requirement | ~50-60% | ~30-40% | ~70-80% |
| Hygroscopicity | Low | High | Low |
SECTION 3: FORMS OF CALCIUM SULFATE
| Form | CAS Number | Formula | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| Hemihydrate | 10034-76-1 | CaSO₄·½H₂O | Plaster of Paris; fast-setting; used in dental, medical, construction |
| Anhydrous | 7778-18-9 | CaSO₄ | Dry form; used as desiccant and drying agent |
| Dihydrate | 10101-41-4 | CaSO₄·2H₂O | Natural gypsum; slow-setting; used in construction and agriculture |
| α-Hemihydrate | 10034-76-1 | CaSO₄·½H₂O | High-strength plaster; used in dental and precision casting |
| β-Hemihydrate | 10034-76-1 | CaSO₄·½H₂O | Regular plaster; used in construction |
SECTION 4: CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
| Property | Information |
|---|---|
| Chemical Formula (Hemihydrate) | CaSO₄·½H₂O |
| Chemical Formula (Anhydrous) | CaSO₄ |
| Chemical Formula (Dihydrate) | CaSO₄·2H₂O |
| Molecular Weight (Hemihydrate) | 145.15 g/mol |
| Chemical Class | Inorganic calcium salt (sulfate) |
| Structure | Calcium ion and sulfate anion |
| Setting Reaction | CaSO₄·½H₂O + 1½H₂O → CaSO₄·2H₂O + Heat |
| Stability | Stable under normal storage conditions |
| Incompatible Materials | Strong acids, strong bases, strong oxidizing agents |
SECTION 5: SETTING MECHANISM
| Stage | Description |
|---|---|
| 1 | Hemihydrate powder mixed with water |
| 2 | Hemihydrate dissolves in water |
| 3 | Dihydrate crystals form and interlock |
| 4 | Mixture hardens and expands slightly |
| 5 | Complete hardening in 5-15 minutes |
| Reaction | CaSO₄·½H₂O + 1½H₂O → CaSO₄·2H₂O + Heat |
SECTION 6: APPLICATION AREAS
6.1. Dental and Medical (Essential Use)
| Application | Usage | Dosage |
|---|---|---|
| Prosthetic Casting | Dental models, prostheses | 100-200 g powder / 70-100 mL water |
| Dental Modeling | Orthodontic models | 100-200 g powder / 70-100 mL water |
| Orthopedic Casts | Fracture immobilization | 2-5 kg powder / 1-2 L water |
| Surgical Plaster | Medical casts | As required |
6.2. Construction Industry (Essential Use)
| Application | Usage | Dosage |
|---|---|---|
| Plaster of Paris | Decorative plaster, wall repair | 1-2 kg/m² surface |
| Decorative Plaster | Ornamental work | 3-5 kg/m² surface |
| Fire-Resistant Panels | Fireproof construction | 20-30% filler additive |
| Drywall | Interior walls | As required |
6.3. Laboratory and Analytical Chemistry (Essential Use)
| Application | Usage | Dosage |
|---|---|---|
| Desiccant | Drying agent in desiccators | 200-500 g/desiccator |
| Reagent Carrier | Analytical chemistry | 5-15% in mixtures |
| Filler Material | Laboratory applications | As required |
6.4. Ceramic and Glass Industry (Suitable)
| Application | Usage | Dosage |
|---|---|---|
| Ceramic Molds | Casting molds | 2-4 kg/mold |
| Porcelain Casting | Porcelain production | 10-15% additive |
| Glass Surface Leveling | Glass polishing | As required |
6.5. Agriculture (Limited Use)
| Application | Usage | Dosage |
|---|---|---|
| Soil Conditioner | Soil improvement | 200-500 kg/hectare |
| Calcium Source | Calcium supplementation | 50-100 kg/hectare |
| Sodium Reduction | Saline soil treatment | As required |
6.6. Pharmaceutical and Cosmetic (Limited Use)
| Application | Usage | Dosage |
|---|---|---|
| Tablet Binder | Some formulations | 2-5% binder additive |
| Filler Material | Cosmetic formulations | As required |
| Dermatological Masks | Face masks | 10-20 g/application |
6.7. Pigment and Dye Production
| Application | Usage | Dosage |
|---|---|---|
| Pigment Carrier | Pigment dispersion | 10-25% additive |
| Viscosity Control | Paint and coatings | As required |
| Color Stabilization | Color fixing | As required |
6.8. Non-Food Additives
| Application | Usage | Dosage |
|---|---|---|
| Paper and Cardboard | Filler | 5-15% filler |
| Plastics and Rubber | Filler | 10-20% additive |
| Adhesives and Putties | Filler | 15-25% additive |
SECTION 7: COMPARISON OF CALCIUM SULFATE FORMS
| Property | Hemihydrate | Anhydrous | Dihydrate |
|---|---|---|---|
| Setting Speed | Fast (5-15 min) | Slow | Slow |
| Strength | High | Low | Low |
| Water Requirement | 50-60% | 30-40% | 70-80% |
| Expansion | Moderate | Low | Low |
| Use | Casting, molds | Desiccant | Construction, agriculture |
| Cost | Moderate | Moderate | Low |
SECTION 8: QUALITY SPECIFICATIONS
| Parameter | Specification (USP / Ph. Eur.) |
|---|---|
| Appearance | White to off-white, fine crystalline powder |
| Identification | Positive (Calcium and Sulfate tests) |
| Assay (Hemihydrate) | 98.0 – 102.0% |
| Loss on Drying | 4.0 – 8.0% (hemihydrate) |
| Setting Time | 5-15 minutes |
| pH (suspension) | 6.0 – 8.0 |
| Chlorides (Cl) | ≤ 0.01% |
| Heavy Metals (as Pb) | ≤ 10 ppm |
| Lead (Pb) | ≤ 2 ppm |
| Arsenic (As) | ≤ 3 ppm |
| Mercury (Hg) | ≤ 1 ppm |
| Iron (Fe) | ≤ 20 ppm |
| Carbonates | ≤ 0.5% |
| Water Insoluble | ≤ 0.5% |
SECTION 9: MICROBIOLOGICAL SPECIFICATIONS
| Parameter | Specification |
|---|---|
| Total Aerobic Mesophilic Bacteria | ≤ 1,000 CFU/g |
| Yeast and Mold | ≤ 100 CFU/g |
| Salmonella spp. | Negative in 25g |
| Escherichia coli | Negative in 10g |
SECTION 10: STORAGE AND SHELF LIFE
| Parameter | Information |
|---|---|
| Storage Conditions | Cool (15-25°C), dry, well-ventilated area |
| Container Requirements | Tightly closed, original packaging (hygroscopic) |
| Protect From | Moisture (hygroscopic), strong acids, strong bases |
| Shelf Life | 24-48 months (unopened original packaging) |
| Stability Note | Absorbs moisture; store in airtight containers |
SECTION 11: PACKAGING OPTIONS
| Packaging Type | Quantity | Material |
|---|---|---|
| PE-lined kraft paper bag | 25 kg | Kraft paper + PE |
| Plastic pail | 20-25 kg | HDPE |
| Fiber drum | 25-50 kg | HDPE + PE |
| Big-Bag | 500-1000 kg | Polypropylene (with PE liner) |
SECTION 12: SAFETY AND HEALTH INFORMATION
GHS Classification (Bulk Powder)
| Hazard Class | Category |
|---|---|
| Not classified as hazardous | - |
Hazard Statements
| Code | Statement |
|---|---|
| None | Not classified as hazardous |
Precautionary Statements
| Code | Statement |
|---|---|
| P261 | Avoid breathing dust |
| P280 | Wear protective gloves/eye protection |
| P305+P351+P338 | IF IN EYES: Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes; remove contact lenses if present and easy to do; continue rinsing |
SECTION 13: TOXICOLOGICAL INFORMATION
| Parameter | Value |
|---|---|
| Oral LD50 (Rat) | > 5,000 mg/kg |
| Skin Irritation | Non-irritant |
| Eye Irritation | Mild irritant |
| Skin Sensitization | Non-sensitizer |
| Carcinogenicity | Not classified |
| Mutagenicity | Negative in standard tests |
SECTION 14: FIRST AID MEASURES
| Exposure Route | Action |
|---|---|
| Inhalation | Move to fresh air. If respiratory irritation persists, seek medical attention. |
| Skin Contact | Wash with plenty of soap and water. |
| Eye Contact | Rinse immediately with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes. Seek medical attention. |
| Ingestion | Rinse mouth. Drink plenty of water. Seek medical attention. |
SECTION 15: REGULATORY STATUS
| Region / Authority | Status |
|---|---|
| European Union | Approved for various uses (construction, dental, pharmaceutical) |
| USA (FDA) | GRAS for some applications |
| Turkey | Approved (construction, dental, pharmaceutical) |
| Food Additive | E516 is dihydrate form (food additive) |
SECTION 16: TRANSPORT INFORMATION
| Parameter | Information |
|---|---|
| UN Number | Not regulated (not dangerous goods) |
| Hazard Class | Not applicable |
| Packing Group | Not applicable |
| ADR/RID | Not regulated |
| IMDG Code | Not regulated |
| IATA (Air) | Not regulated |
| Marine Pollutant | No |
SECTION 17: FIRE-FIGHTING MEASURES
| Parameter | Information |
|---|---|
| Fire Hazard | Non-combustible (inorganic salt) |
| Suitable Extinguishing Media | Water spray (mist), CO₂, dry chemical powder |
| Specific Hazards | When heated, emits calcium oxide fumes, sulfur oxides |
| Decomposition Products | CaO, SOx |
| Protective Equipment | Self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA), full protective clothing |
SECTION 18: ACCIDENTAL SPILLAGE AND CLEANUP
| Parameter | Information |
|---|---|
| Personal Protection | Nitrile gloves, protective goggles, dust mask (N95) |
| Cleaning Methods | Sweep or vacuum; avoid dust generation |
| Environmental Precautions | Prevent entry into drains, soil, and surface waters |
| Waste Disposal | According to local regulations; landfilling at licensed facilities |
SECTION 19: OTHER NAMES AND SYNONYMS
| Type | Name |
|---|---|
| Turkish Names | Kalsiyum Sülfat, Alçı, Paris Alçısı, Jips |
| English Names | Calcium Sulfate, Plaster of Paris, Gypsum, Calcined Gypsum |
| Chemical Names | Calcium sulfate hemihydrate, Calcium sulfate dihydrate, Calcium sulfate anhydrous |
| CAS (Hemihydrate) | 10034-76-1 |
| CAS (Anhydrous) | 7778-18-9 |
| CAS (Dihydrate) | 10101-41-4 |
SECTION 20: SUMMARY AND CRITICAL NOTES
Product Summary
| Parameter | Value |
|---|---|
| Product | Calcium Sulfate Hemihydrate |
| CAS Number | 10034-76-1 |
| Appearance | White to off-white, fine crystalline powder |
| Molecular Weight | 145.15 g/mol |
| Density | 2.96 g/cm³ |
| Primary Applications | Dental, construction, laboratory |
Critical Notes
-
Fast Setting: Hemihydrate sets in 5-15 minutes when mixed with water.
-
Dental and Medical: Essential for dental modeling and orthopedic casts.
-
Construction: Plaster of Paris is a fundamental building material.
-
Laboratory Use: Used as desiccant and reagent carrier.
-
Three Forms: Available as hemihydrate (10034-76-1), anhydrous (7778-18-9), and dihydrate (10101-41-4).
-
Hydration Reaction: CaSO₄·½H₂O + 1½H₂O → CaSO₄·2H₂O + Heat.
-
Moisture Sensitive: Absorbs moisture; store in airtight containers.
-
Not for Food: Hemihydrate is not used as food additive; dihydrate (E516) is used for food applications.
-
Thermal Stability: Melts above 1450°C.
-
Sectoral Use: Essential in dental, construction, and laboratory; limited in agriculture and pharmaceuticals.
IMPORTANT DECLARATION: This Technical Data Sheet (TDS) is for informational purposes only and has been prepared based on available technical data. The user is responsible for determining the product's suitability for their specific application and for complying with all local, national, and international regulations. For complete safety, storage, use, transport, waste, and regulatory compliance information, refer to the official Safety Data Sheet (SDS/MSDS) provided by the manufacturer/supplier.
