Titanium Dioxide, Titanium White, Titania, Rutile, Anatase, Brookite, E171, 13463-67-7, 1317-70-0, 1317-80-2

Titanium Dioxide, Titanium White, Titania, Rutile, Anatase, Brookite, E171, 13463-67-7, 1317-70-0, 1317-80-2

TITANIUM DIOXIDE (TiO₂)

SECTION 1: PRODUCT IDENTITY AND CHEMICAL IDENTIFICATION

SECTION 2: CHEMICAL STRUCTURE

Structure Description:

    Ti⁴⁺ — O²⁻ — Ti⁴⁺
          /    \
         O²⁻    O²⁻
        /        \
    Ti⁴⁺ — O²⁻ — Ti⁴⁺

    Titanium Dioxide (TiO₂)
    (Rutile / Anatase / Brookite polymorphs)

SECTION 3: CRYSTAL FORMS (POLYMORPHS)

Key Differences:

SECTION 4: PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

SECTION 5: CHEMICAL PROPERTIES AND REACTIVITY

SECTION 6: NANO GRADE vs PIGMENT GRADE COMPARISON

SECTION 7: MANUFACTURING PROCESSES

7.1. Sulfate Process:

Advantages: Lower cost, can use lower quality ores
Disadvantages: Higher environmental impact (waste acid, FeSO₄ by-product)

7.2. Chloride Process:

Advantages: Higher purity, lower environmental impact, chlorine recycling
Disadvantages: Requires high-quality ore, higher capital cost

SECTION 8: APPLICATION AREAS

SECTION 9: DELUSTRANT – DETAILED

Effect: Higher particle size = lower gloss (more matt)

SECTION 10: QUALITY SPECIFICATIONS (PIGMENT GRADE)

SECTION 11: SAFETY AND TOXICOLOGICAL PROFILE

Important Regulatory Note: IARC classifies TiO₂ as Group 2B (possibly carcinogenic to humans) only when inhaled in high concentrations (dust). Non-inhalation exposure (skin contact, ingestion) is considered safe.

SECTION 12: GHS CLASSIFICATION AND LABELING

GHS Classification (in accordance with 1272/2008/EC):

Signal Word: Warning

Hazard Pictograms: GHS08 (Health Hazard)

NFPA 704 Hazard Classification:

SECTION 13: PRECAUTIONARY STATEMENTS (P-CODES)

SECTION 14: FIRST AID MEASURES

SECTION 15: FIREFIGHTING MEASURES

SECTION 16: STORAGE AND SHELF LIFE

SECTION 17: PACKAGING OPTIONS

SECTION 18: TRANSPORTATION INFORMATION

SECTION 19: REGULATORY STATUS

EU Restrictions (TiO₂ Powder):

• Labeling requirement for powders containing ≥1% TiO₂ particles with diameter ≤10 µm: "H351 – Suspected of causing cancer by inhalation"

• Not applicable for liquid or solid formulations (e.g., paints, plastics)

SECTION 20: OTHER NAMES AND SYNONYMS

SECTION 21: SUMMARY TABLE

SECTION 22: CRITICAL WARNINGS AND BEST PRACTICES

CRITICAL WARNINGS:

1. Rutile vs Anatase Selection: For outdoor durability (UV resistance, low photoactivity), choose Rutile. For photocatalysis (self-cleaning, air purification), choose Anatase. Rutile is the preferred form for most pigment applications (paints, plastics, cosmetics, food).

2. Food Grade (E171): TiO₂ is approved as a food additive (E171) in many countries. France has banned E171 in food products since 2020 due to safety concerns. The EU is reviewing the status. Check local regulations before use in food products.

3. Nano TiO₂: Nano-grade TiO₂ (10-100 nm) provides effective UV protection without whitening appearance. Surface coatings (Al₂O₃, SiO₂) are applied to reduce photoactivity and prevent free radical formation.

4. Delustrant: For matt surfaces, use larger particle size TiO₂ (>0.5-1 µm) instead of standard pigment grade (0.2-0.3 µm). Prefer rutile grade for better weather resistance.

5. Dust Control: Although TiO₂ has low toxicity, chronic inhalation of fine dust may cause lung effects. Use dust masks and good ventilation when handling powder. Liquid and solid formulations (paints, plastics) do not pose inhalation hazards.

6. Regulatory Changes: TiO₂ regulations are evolving. The EU classification (H351 – suspected of causing cancer by inhalation) applies to powders containing ≥1% TiO₂ particles with diameter ≤10 µm. Formulators should monitor regulatory changes.

BEST PRACTICE RECOMMENDATIONS:

1. Form Selection: Choose the correct form (Rutile / Anatase) and particle size (pigment / nano / delustrant) based on application.

2. Surface Treatment: For applications requiring dispersibility and weather resistance, prefer surface-treated grades (Al₂O₃, SiO₂ coated).

3. Dosage: Avoid overuse. Due to high tinting strength, small amounts are sufficient.

4. Mixing: Disperse powder form with high-shear mixing. Pre-wetting is recommended for liquid formulations.

5. Storage: Store in cool, dry, airtight containers. Protect from moisture.

6. Personal Protective Equipment: Dust mask (N95/FFP2), safety goggles, protective clothing.

7. Hygiene: Wash hands after handling; Do not eat, drink or smoke when using this product.

8. Quality Control: Regularly perform TiO₂ content, particle size, pH, whiteness, tinting strength, oil absorption tests.

9. Regulatory Monitoring: Regularly monitor changes in E171 and nano TiO₂ regulations.

10. Sustainability: Prefer chloride process products over sulfate process for more environmentally friendly production.

LEGAL DISCLAIMER:

The information provided in this document is based on our current knowledge and experience and is presented in good faith. However, as all conditions of use are beyond our control, it does not constitute a binding specification or guarantee. This Technical Data Sheet is for informational purposes only. Users are responsible for testing suitability for their own applications and for complying with all local, regional, and national regulations. For complete safety, storage, use, handling, waste, and regulatory compliance information, please refer to the official Safety Data Sheet (SDS/MSDS) provided by the manufacturer/supplier. Titanium Dioxide is a widely used compound; avoid inhalation of powder form and comply with local regulations.