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Send EmailEstragole, Methyl Chavicol, Chavicyl Methyl Ether, Pine Oil, Isoanethole, 140-67-0
ESTRAGOLE – ESTRAGOL
CAS Number: 140-67-0
EC Number (EINECS): 205-427-8
Molecular Formula: C₁₀H₁₂O
Molecular Weight: 148.20 g/mol
FEMA Number: 2411
Chemical Class: Phenylpropanoid (allylbenzene ether)
SECTION 1: CHEMICAL IDENTITY AND DEFINITION
| Parameter | Information |
|---|---|
| Chemical Name (IUPAC) | 1-Methoxy-4-(prop-2-en-1-yl)benzene |
| Other Names | Estragole, Methyl Chavicol, p-Allylanisole, Chavicyl Methyl Ether, Isoanethole, Tarragon Oil Component, Basil Oil Component |
| Chemical Formula | C₁₀H₁₂O |
| Molecular Weight | 148.20 g/mol |
| CAS Number | 140-67-0 |
| EC Number (EINECS) | 205-427-8 |
| FEMA Number | 2411 |
| Chemical Class | Phenylpropanoid (allylbenzene ether) |
| Appearance | Colorless to pale yellow, clear liquid |
| Odor | Sweet, anise-like, licorice-like, spicy, herbal |
| Taste | Sweet, anise-like, licorice-like |
| Physical State (20°C) | Liquid |
| Source | Tarragon, basil, fennel, anise, pine oil |
| E Number | Not assigned |
SECTION 2: PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
| Property | Value |
|---|---|
| Appearance | Colorless to pale yellow, clear liquid |
| Odor | Sweet, anise-like, licorice-like, spicy |
| Taste | Sweet, anise-like, licorice-like |
| Molecular Weight | 148.20 g/mol |
| Melting Point | -10 °C |
| Boiling Point | 216 °C |
| Flash Point | ~81 °C (closed cup) |
| Density (20°C) | 0.946 g/cm³ |
| Refractive Index (nD²⁰) | 1.520 – 1.525 |
| Solubility in Water | Insoluble |
| Solubility in Ethanol | Miscible |
| Solubility in Oils | Miscible |
| Solubility in Organic Solvents | Miscible (ether, chloroform) |
| Log P (octanol/water) | 2.88 |
| Vapor Pressure (25°C) | ~0.05 mmHg |
SECTION 3: CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
| Property | Information |
|---|---|
| Chemical Formula | C₁₀H₁₂O |
| Molecular Weight | 148.20 g/mol |
| Chemical Class | Phenylpropanoid (allylbenzene ether) |
| Functional Groups | Ether (-OCH₃), allyl group (-CH₂-CH=CH₂) |
| Structure | Benzene ring with methoxy and allyl substituents (para) |
| SMILES | COC1=CC=C(C=C1)CC=C |
| InChI Key | ZFMSMUBANXPZJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
| Stability | Stable under normal storage conditions |
| Oxidation | Slowly oxidizes in air |
| Polymerization | May polymerize upon prolonged exposure to air/light |
| Incompatible Materials | Strong oxidizing agents, strong acids, strong bases |
Chemical Structure:
OCH₃
|
C₆H₄-CH₂-CH=CH₂
|
1-Methoxy-4-(prop-2-en-1-yl)benzene
(Estragole / Methyl Chavicol)
SECTION 4: ISOMERS AND RELATED COMPOUNDS
| Compound | CAS Number | Structure | Odor Profile |
|---|---|---|---|
| Estragole | 140-67-0 | para-allyl anisole | Sweet, anise, licorice |
| Anethole | 104-46-1 | para-propenyl anisole | Strong anise, licorice |
| Safrole | 94-59-7 | methylenedioxy allylbenzene | Sassafras, spicy |
| Eugenol | 97-53-0 | allyl guaiacol | Clove, spicy |
| Methyleugenol | 93-15-2 | allyl veratrole | Sweet, clove-like |
SECTION 5: NATURAL SOURCES
| Source | Estragole Content (%) | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Tarragon (Artemisia dracunculus) | 60-75% | Primary natural source |
| Basil (Ocimum basilicum) | 23-88% | Major component (chemotype dependent) |
| Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare) | 10-30% | Moderate content |
| Anise (Pimpinella anisum) | 5-15% | Minor component |
| Pine Oil | 5-10% | Minor component |
| Turpentine | Trace | Minor component |
SECTION 6: SENSORY PROPERTIES
| Parameter | Description |
|---|---|
| Primary Odor | Sweet, anise-like, licorice-like |
| Secondary Odor | Spicy, herbal, slightly woody |
| Odor Intensity | Moderate to strong |
| Taste Profile | Sweet, anise-like, licorice-like |
| Flavor Characteristics | Sweet anise, tarragon, basil |
| Threshold (in water) | ~0.01-0.1 ppm |
Olfactory Description:
Estragole has a characteristic sweet, anise-like, licorice-like odor with spicy, herbal undertones. It is the primary aroma component of tarragon and a major component of certain basil chemotypes. It provides the characteristic "anise" note in many culinary herbs.
SECTION 7: APPLICATION AREAS
7.1. Flavor and Fragrance Industry
| Application | Function |
|---|---|
| Flavorings | Sweet anise, licorice, tarragon note (FEMA 2411) |
| Perfumes | Sweet, anise-like, herbal note |
| Cosmetic Products | Fragrance component |
| Soaps | Fragrance component |
| Fine Fragrances | Sweet, anise note |
| Air Fresheners | Sweet, herbal scent |
7.2. Food Industry
| Application | Function |
|---|---|
| Flavoring Agent | Natural flavor component (FEMA 2411) |
| Anise Flavors | Sweet anise note |
| Licorice Flavors | Licorice note |
| Herbal Flavors | Tarragon, basil notes |
| Beverages | Anise, licorice flavor |
| Confectionery | Sweet anise flavor |
| Baked Goods | Herbal flavor enhancement |
| Dairy Products | Anise flavor |
7.3. Cosmetics and Personal Care
| Application | Function |
|---|---|
| Fragrances | Sweet, anise note |
| Skin Care | Fragrance component |
| Hair Care | Fragrance component |
7.4. Aromatherapy
| Application | Function |
|---|---|
| Essential Oils | Component of tarragon, basil oils |
| Aromatherapy | Calming, digestive support |
SECTION 8: FLAVOR COMPOSITION (TARRAGON)
| Component | Role | Typical Ratio |
|---|---|---|
| Estragole | Primary anise note | 60-75% |
| Methyleugenol | Sweet, spicy note | 5-15% |
| Ocimene | Herbal, woody note | 5-15% |
| Limonene | Citrus, fresh note | 2-8% |
| Eugenol | Spicy, clove note | 1-5% |
SECTION 9: QUALITY SPECIFICATIONS
| Parameter | Specification (FCC / JECFA) |
|---|---|
| Appearance | Colorless to pale yellow, clear liquid |
| Identification | Positive (GC, IR) |
| Assay (GC) | ≥ 98.0% |
| Refractive Index (nD²⁰) | 1.520 – 1.525 |
| Specific Gravity (20°C) | 0.945 – 0.950 |
| Acid Value | ≤ 1.0 |
| Heavy Metals (as Pb) | ≤ 10 ppm |
| Lead (Pb) | ≤ 2 ppm |
| Arsenic (As) | ≤ 3 ppm |
| Mercury (Hg) | ≤ 1 ppm |
| Cadmium (Cd) | ≤ 1 ppm |
| Related Substances | ≤ 1.0% |
SECTION 10: STORAGE AND SHELF LIFE
| Parameter | Information |
|---|---|
| Storage Conditions | Cool (15-25°C), dry, well-ventilated area |
| Container Requirements | Tightly closed, light-resistant containers (amber glass) |
| Protect From | Light, air (oxidation), heat, strong oxidizing agents, strong acids, strong bases |
| Shelf Life | 24-36 months (unopened original packaging) |
| Stability Note | Slowly oxidizes in air; may polymerize upon prolonged exposure to light/air |
SECTION 11: PACKAGING OPTIONS
| Packaging Type | Quantity | Material |
|---|---|---|
| Glass bottle | 1-5 L | Amber glass |
| Plastic drum | 200-250 kg | HDPE |
| Plastic pail | 20-25 kg | HDPE |
| Aluminum foil bag | 1-5 kg | Laminated aluminum |
SECTION 12: SAFETY AND HEALTH INFORMATION
GHS Classification
| Hazard Class | Category |
|---|---|
| Acute Toxicity (Oral) | Category 4 (H302) |
| Skin Irritation | Category 2 (H315) |
| Eye Irritation | Category 2A (H319) |
| Carcinogenicity | Category 2 (H351) - Suspected |
| Signal Word | Warning |
Hazard Statements (H-Codes)
| Code | Statement |
|---|---|
| H302 | Harmful if swallowed |
| H315 | Causes skin irritation |
| H319 | Causes serious eye irritation |
| H351 | Suspected of causing cancer |
Precautionary Statements (P-Codes)
| Code | Statement |
|---|---|
| P201 | Obtain special instructions before use |
| P202 | Do not handle until all safety precautions have been read and understood |
| P261 | Avoid breathing vapors |
| P280 | Wear protective gloves/eye protection |
| P301+P312 | IF SWALLOWED: Call a POISON CENTER/doctor if you feel unwell |
| P302+P352 | IF ON SKIN: Wash with plenty of soap and water |
| P305+P351+P338 | IF IN EYES: Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes; remove contact lenses if present and easy to do; continue rinsing |
SECTION 13: TOXICOLOGICAL INFORMATION
| Parameter | Value |
|---|---|
| Oral LD50 (Rat) | ~1,200-2,000 mg/kg |
| Dermal LD50 (Rabbit) | > 2,000 mg/kg |
| Skin Irritation | Mild irritant |
| Eye Irritation | Mild irritant |
| Skin Sensitization | May be sensitizing |
| Carcinogenicity | IARC Group 2B (Possibly carcinogenic to humans) |
| Mutagenicity | Positive in some tests |
| Genotoxicity | DNA damage observed in vitro |
| Target Organs | Liver, skin, respiratory system |
Regulatory Status:
-
IARC: Group 2B (Possibly carcinogenic to humans)
-
EFSA: Restricted use as flavoring; maximum levels established
-
EU: Restricted in food flavorings; maximum levels apply
-
USA: GRAS (generally recognized as safe) in limited quantities
SECTION 14: REGULATORY LIMITS
| Application | Maximum Level |
|---|---|
| Food Flavorings (EU) | Restricted; maximum levels vary by product type |
| Cosmetic Products | Restricted in some countries |
| Essential Oils | Naturally occurring; levels vary |
SECTION 15: FIRST AID MEASURES
| Exposure Route | Action |
|---|---|
| Inhalation | Move to fresh air. If respiratory irritation persists, seek medical attention. |
| Skin Contact | Wash with plenty of soap and water. Remove contaminated clothing. |
| Eye Contact | Rinse immediately with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes. Seek medical attention. |
| Ingestion | Rinse mouth. Do not induce vomiting. Seek medical attention. |
SECTION 16: REGULATORY STATUS
| Region / Authority | Status |
|---|---|
| European Union | Restricted as food flavoring; IARC Group 2B |
| USA (FDA) | GRAS (21 CFR 172.515) in limited quantities |
| Turkey | Approved (limited use as flavoring) |
| FEMA | GRAS (FEMA 2411) |
| IARC | Group 2B (Possibly carcinogenic to humans) |
SECTION 17: TRANSPORT INFORMATION
| Parameter | Information |
|---|---|
| UN Number | Not regulated (not dangerous goods) |
| Hazard Class | Not applicable |
| Packing Group | Not applicable |
| ADR/RID | Not regulated |
| IMDG Code | Not regulated |
| IATA (Air) | Not regulated |
| Marine Pollutant | No |
SECTION 18: FIRE-FIGHTING MEASURES
| Parameter | Information |
|---|---|
| Fire Hazard | Combustible liquid |
| Flash Point | ~81 °C |
| Suitable Extinguishing Media | CO₂, dry chemical powder, alcohol-resistant foam, water spray |
| Specific Hazards | When heated, emits CO, CO₂ |
| Decomposition Products | CO, CO₂ |
| Protective Equipment | Self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA), full protective clothing |
SECTION 19: ACCIDENTAL SPILLAGE AND CLEANUP
| Parameter | Information |
|---|---|
| Personal Protection | Nitrile gloves, protective goggles, chemical-resistant clothing |
| Cleaning Methods | Absorb with inert material (sand, vermiculite); dispose in sealed containers |
| Environmental Precautions | Prevent entry into drains, soil, and surface waters |
| Waste Disposal | According to local regulations; incineration at licensed facilities |
SECTION 20: OTHER NAMES AND SYNONYMS
| Type | Name |
|---|---|
| Turkish Names | Estragol, Tarhun Yağı, Fesleğen Yağı |
| English Names | Estragole, Methyl Chavicol, p-Allylanisole, Tarragon Oil Component |
| Chemical Names | 1-Methoxy-4-(prop-2-en-1-yl)benzene, 1-Allyl-4-methoxybenzene |
| CAS Number | 140-67-0 |
| EC Number | 205-427-8 |
| FEMA Number | 2411 |
| PubChem CID | 8815 |
SECTION 21: SUMMARY AND CRITICAL NOTES
Product Summary
| Parameter | Value |
|---|---|
| Product | Estragole (Methyl Chavicol) |
| CAS Number | 140-67-0 |
| Appearance | Colorless to pale yellow liquid |
| Odor | Sweet, anise-like, licorice-like |
| Boiling Point | 216 °C |
| Primary Function | Flavoring, fragrance component |
Critical Notes
-
Natural Source: Estragole is the primary aroma component of tarragon (60-75%) and a major component of certain basil chemotypes.
-
Anise Note: Provides sweet, anise-like, licorice-like flavor and fragrance notes.
-
IARC Group 2B: Classified as possibly carcinogenic to humans (IARC Group 2B).
-
Genotoxicity: Shows genotoxic effects in vitro; use is restricted in many applications.
-
Flavoring Agent: Widely used as a natural flavoring agent (FEMA 2411) but with usage restrictions.
-
Regulatory Restrictions: EFSA and EU have established maximum levels for use in food flavorings.
-
GRAS Status: GRAS in limited quantities in the USA.
-
Stability: Stable under normal conditions; protect from air and light.
-
Safety: Use should be limited; avoid prolonged exposure.
-
Alternative: Consider using anethole for licorice/anise notes in some applications.
IMPORTANT DECLARATION: This Technical Data Sheet (TDS) is for informational purposes only and has been prepared based on available technical data. The user is responsible for determining the product's suitability for their specific application and for complying with all local, national, and international regulations. Estragole is classified as possibly carcinogenic (IARC Group 2B); usage should be limited and proper safety measures must be taken. For complete safety, storage, use, transport, waste, and regulatory compliance information, refer to the official Safety Data Sheet (SDS/MSDS) provided by the manufacturer/supplier. This document does not replace medical advice.
