Xylo Oligo Saccharide, Xylooligosaccharide, XOS, 87-99-0
XYLO-OLIGOSACCHARIDES (XOS)
Product Name: Xylo-Oligosaccharides
Common Name: XOS, Xylo-Oligosaccharide
CAS Number: 87-99-0
EC Number (EINECS): 201-788-0
Molecular Formula: C₅H₁₂O₅ (monomer)
Chemical Class: Prebiotic dietary fiber (oligosaccharide)
Source: Xylan fraction from plant fibers (corncob, bamboo, hardwoods, wheat bran, rice husks)
SECTION 1: PRODUCT IDENTIFICATION AND DEFINITION
| Parameter |
Information |
| Product Name |
Xylo-Oligosaccharides (XOS) |
| Other Names |
Xylo-Oligosaccharide, Xylo Oligo Saccharide, Xylooligosaccharide, XOS, Corn Xylo-Oligosaccharide, Organic Prebiotic Xylooligosaccharides, Preticx |
| Source |
Xylan fraction from plant fibers (corncob, bamboo, hardwood, wheat bran, rice husks, cottonseed hulls) |
| CAS Number |
87-99-0 |
| EC Number (EINECS) |
201-788-0 |
| Molecular Formula (Monomer) |
C₅H₁₂O₅ |
| Molecular Weight (Monomer) |
152.15 g/mol |
| Chemical Class |
Oligosaccharide, prebiotic dietary fiber |
| Appearance |
White to light yellow powder or light amber liquid |
| Odor |
Slight characteristic, mildly sweet |
| Taste |
Mildly sweet (approximately 30-40% sweetness of sucrose) |
| Physical State (20°C) |
Solid (powder) or liquid (syrup) |
| Allergen Status |
Hypoallergenic (dairy-free, soy-free, gluten-free) |
SECTION 2: CHEMICAL COMPOSITION AND STRUCTURE
2.1. Chemical Structure
| Parameter |
Information |
| Chemical Name |
Xylo-Oligosaccharides (β-1,4-xylan oligomers) |
| Structural Type |
Linear or branched chains of xylose units linked by β-(1→4) glycosidic bonds |
| Degree of Polymerization (DP) |
2 – 10 units |
| Glycosidic Linkage |
β-(1→4) linkage between xylose units |
| Sugar Composition |
Xylose (C5 sugar) |
| Unique Feature |
C5 structure (pentose), fundamentally different from C6-based prebiotics (FOS, GOS) |
2.2. Types of XOS
| Type |
Description |
Purity |
| XOS Powder (95%) |
High-purity white powder |
≥ 95% |
| XOS Powder (70%) |
Standard purity powder |
≥ 70% |
| XOS Liquid (70%) |
Light amber syrup |
≥ 70% |
2.3. XOS Grade Specifications
| Grade |
XOS Content (DP 2-7) |
Application |
| XOS-95P |
≥ 95% |
High-end supplements, pharmaceuticals |
| XOS-70P |
≥ 70% |
Food and beverage applications |
| XOS-70L |
≥ 70% (liquid) |
Beverages, syrups, liquid formulations |
| XOS-50P |
≥ 50% |
Animal feed, pet food |
SECTION 3: PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
| Property |
Value (Powder) |
Value (Liquid) |
| Appearance |
White to light yellow powder |
Light amber liquid |
| XOS Content |
≥ 70% or ≥ 95% |
≥ 70% |
| Moisture Content |
≤ 5% |
25-30% |
| Total Solids |
≥ 95% |
≥ 70% |
| pH (10% solution) |
4.0 – 5.5 |
4.0 – 5.5 |
| Solubility |
Highly soluble in water |
Completely soluble |
| Bulk Density |
0.4 – 0.6 g/cm³ |
N/A |
| Particle Size |
80 – 200 mesh |
N/A |
| Viscosity |
Low |
Low |
| Taste |
Mildly sweet (30-40% of sucrose) |
Mildly sweet |
| Odor |
Slight characteristic |
Slight characteristic |
| Hygroscopicity |
Moderate |
Moderate |
SECTION 4: CHEMICAL AND NUTRITIONAL PROPERTIES
4.1. Nutritional Profile (per 100g, powder)
| Parameter |
Value |
| Total Calories |
1.5 – 2.0 kcal/g (approximately 150-200 kcal/100g) |
| Total Carbohydrate |
95-98% |
| Dietary Fiber Content |
85-95% (as prebiotic fiber) |
| Xylose (Free) |
< 3% |
| Moisture |
≤ 5% |
| Ash Content |
≤ 3% |
| pH (10% solution) |
4.0 – 5.5 |
4.2. Purity and Composition Specifications
| Parameter |
Specification (95% grade) |
Specification (70% grade) |
| XOS Content (DP 2-7) |
≥ 95% |
≥ 70% |
| DP2 (Xylobiose) |
35-45% |
25-35% |
| DP3 (Xylotriose) |
20-30% |
15-25% |
| DP4-7 (Higher Polymers) |
25-40% |
20-30% |
| Xylose (Monomer) |
< 1.5% |
< 5% |
| Ash |
≤ 0.5% |
≤ 3% |
SECTION 5: PREBIOTIC PROPERTIES
5.1. Prebiotic Classification
| Parameter |
Description |
| Definition |
Selectively fermented ingredient that allows specific changes in the composition and/or activity of the gastrointestinal microbiota that confer benefits on host well-being and health |
| Key Feature |
Super prebiotic – Highly selective for Bifidobacteria |
| Fermentation Rate |
Rapidly fermented by gut microflora |
| Fermentation Site |
Primarily the proximal colon |
| Primary Fermenters |
Bifidobacterium spp., Lactobacillus spp. |
| Unique Property |
C5 structure (pentose) fundamentally different from C6 prebiotics (FOS, GOS) |
5.2. Prebiotic Selectivity
| Microorganism |
Effect |
| Bifidobacterium spp. |
Strongly stimulated (selective proliferation) |
| Lactobacillus spp. |
Stimulated |
| E. coli |
Inhibited |
| Clostridium |
Inhibited |
| Bacteroides |
Minimal effect |
SECTION 6: HEALTH BENEFITS
| Benefit |
Description |
| Selective Prebiotic Activity |
Selectively stimulates Bifidobacteria and Lactobacilli; inhibits harmful bacteria (E. coli, Clostridium) |
| Mineral Absorption |
Enhances absorption of calcium, magnesium, iron, zinc, and other minerals |
| Gut Health |
Creates a healthy intestinal environment with beneficial bacteria; reduces digestive disorders and bloating |
| Blood Sugar Control |
Clinical studies show improvements in blood glucose levels |
| Lipid Metabolism |
Improves serum lipid profiles (cholesterol, triglycerides) |
| Immune Function |
Beneficial changes in immune markers; supports immune system function |
| Anti-inflammatory |
Reduces negative fermentation; decreases energy loss from fermentation |
| Weight Management |
Supports weight control; used in weight-loss foods |
| Anti-aging |
Used in anti-aging food applications |
| Bone Health |
Enhanced calcium and magnesium absorption supports bone health |
6.2. Clinical Study Findings
| Study Area |
Findings |
| Blood Glucose |
Improvements in blood glucose levels |
| Blood Lipids |
Improvements in serum lipid profiles |
| Digestive Health |
Significant digestive health benefits |
| Immune Markers |
Beneficial changes in immune markers |
| Mineral Absorption |
Enhanced calcium, magnesium, iron, and zinc absorption |
SECTION 7: APPLICATION AREAS
7.1. Food and Beverage Industry
| Application |
Function |
| Nutritional and Diet Products |
Prebiotic fiber enrichment |
| Dry Mix Products |
Powder mixes for beverages, meal replacements |
| Dietary Supplements |
Capsules, tablets, sachets, prebiotic formulations |
| Granola Bars |
Fiber enrichment; prebiotic benefits |
| Cookies and Biscuits |
Fiber addition; reduced sugar; prebiotic benefits |
| Dairy Products |
Prebiotic enrichment; supports probiotic activity |
| Beverages |
Soluble prebiotic fiber; functional drinks |
| Desserts |
Fiber enrichment; sugar reduction |
| Weight-Loss Foods |
Low-calorie fiber; satiety promotion |
| Anti-Aging Foods |
Gut health; mineral absorption |
| Bakery Products |
Moisture retention; fiber enrichment |
| Confectionery |
Sugar reduction; prebiotic benefits |
7.2. Animal Nutrition
| Application |
Function |
| Animal Feed (Swine) |
Gut health; antibiotic alternative; growth promotion |
| Poultry Feed |
Gut microbiota modulation; improved feed efficiency |
| Pet Food |
Prebiotic fiber; digestive health support |
| Aquaculture |
Gut health; disease resistance |
7.3. Pharmaceuticals and Nutraceuticals
| Application |
Function |
| Prebiotic Supplements |
Gut health; microbiome modulation |
| Synbiotics |
Combined with probiotics |
| Mineral Supplementation |
Enhances mineral absorption (calcium, magnesium, iron, zinc) |
| Functional Foods |
Health-promoting ingredient |
SECTION 8: QUALITY SPECIFICATIONS (FOOD GRADE)
8.1. XOS Powder (95% Grade)
| Parameter |
Specification |
| Appearance |
White to light yellow powder |
| XOS Content (HPLC, DP 2-7) |
≥ 95.0% |
| Moisture |
≤ 5.0% |
| pH (10% solution) |
4.0 – 5.5 |
| Ash Content |
≤ 0.5% |
| Protein |
≤ 0.5% |
| Free Xylose |
≤ 1.5% |
| Total Plate Count |
≤ 1,000 CFU/g |
| Yeast and Mold |
≤ 50 CFU/g |
| Salmonella spp. |
Negative in 25g |
| Escherichia coli |
Negative in 10g |
| Heavy Metals (as Pb) |
≤ 5 ppm |
| Lead (Pb) |
≤ 1 ppm |
| Arsenic (As) |
≤ 1 ppm |
| Mercury (Hg) |
≤ 1 ppm |
| Cadmium (Cd) |
≤ 1 ppm |
8.2. XOS Powder (70% Grade)
| Parameter |
Specification |
| Appearance |
White to light yellow powder |
| XOS Content (HPLC, DP 2-7) |
≥ 70.0% |
| Moisture |
≤ 5.0% |
| pH (10% solution) |
4.0 – 5.5 |
| Ash Content |
≤ 3.0% |
| Free Xylose |
≤ 5.0% |
| Total Plate Count |
≤ 5,000 CFU/g |
| Yeast and Mold |
≤ 100 CFU/g |
8.3. XOS Liquid (70% Grade)
| Parameter |
Specification |
| Appearance |
Light amber liquid |
| XOS Content |
≥ 70.0% |
| Total Solids |
≥ 70.0% |
| pH |
4.0 – 5.5 |
| Brix |
70-75° |
| Color |
≤ 200 ICUMSA |
| Heavy Metals |
≤ 10 ppm |
SECTION 9: MICROBIOLOGICAL SPECIFICATIONS
| Parameter |
Specification (95% Grade) |
| Total Aerobic Mesophilic Bacteria |
≤ 1,000 CFU/g |
| Yeast and Mold |
≤ 50 CFU/g |
| Salmonella spp. |
Negative in 25g |
| Escherichia coli |
Negative in 10g |
| Staphylococcus aureus |
Negative in 1g |
| Coliforms |
≤ 10 CFU/g |
| Enterobacteriaceae |
≤ 10 CFU/g |
SECTION 10: TYPICAL DOSAGE
| Application |
Recommended Dosage |
| Daily Supplementation (Adults) |
0.5 – 4.0 g/day |
| Digestive Health |
0.5 – 2.0 g/day |
| Prebiotic Support |
1.0 – 3.0 g/day |
| Mineral Absorption |
1.0 – 4.0 g/day |
| Beverages |
0.5 – 2.0% of formulation |
| Dairy Products |
0.5 – 2.0% of formulation |
| Bakery Products |
0.5 – 3.0% of formulation |
| Granola Bars |
1.0 – 3.0% of formulation |
| Infant Formula |
0.1 – 0.4 g/100 mL (as per regional regulations) |
| Animal Feed |
0.05 – 0.2% of feed |
| Synbiotic Products |
0.5 – 2.0 g/day with probiotics |
SECTION 11: STORAGE AND SHELF LIFE
| Parameter |
Information |
| Storage Conditions |
Cool (15-25°C), dry, well-ventilated area |
| Container Requirements |
Tightly closed, original packaging |
| Protect From |
Moisture, heat, direct sunlight |
| Shelf Life (Powder) |
24-36 months (unopened original packaging) |
| Shelf Life (Liquid) |
18-24 months (unopened original packaging) |
| Stability Note |
Stable at room temperature; store in airtight containers; avoid freezing (liquid may crystallize) |
SECTION 12: PACKAGING OPTIONS
| Packaging Type |
Quantity |
Material |
| Aluminum foil bag |
1-5 kg |
Laminated aluminum |
| PE-lined kraft paper bag |
10-25 kg |
Kraft paper + PE |
| Plastic pail |
20-25 kg |
HDPE |
| Fiber drum |
25-50 kg |
HDPE + PE liner |
| Big-Bag |
500-1000 kg |
Polypropylene (with PE liner) |
| Plastic drum (Liquid) |
200-250 kg |
HDPE (food grade) |
| IBC Tote (Liquid) |
1000-1400 kg |
HDPE (food grade) |
SECTION 13: SAFETY AND HEALTH INFORMATION
GHS Classification (Bulk Powder)
| Hazard Class |
Category |
| Not classified as hazardous |
– |
Hazard Statements
| Code |
Statement |
| None |
Not classified as hazardous |
Precautionary Statements
| Code |
Statement |
| P261 |
Avoid breathing dust |
| P280 |
Wear protective gloves/eye protection |
| P305+P351+P338 |
IF IN EYES: Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes; remove contact lenses if present and easy to do; continue rinsing |
SECTION 14: TOXICOLOGICAL INFORMATION
| Parameter |
Value |
| Oral LD50 (Rat) |
> 5,000 mg/kg |
| Skin Irritation |
Non-irritant |
| Eye Irritation |
Mild irritant |
| Skin Sensitization |
Non-sensitizer |
| Carcinogenicity |
Not classified |
| Mutagenicity |
Negative in standard tests |
| Allergen Status |
Hypoallergenic; generally well tolerated |
| GI Tolerance |
Well tolerated at recommended doses (0.5-4.0 g/day); minimal GI discomfort |
| GRAS Status |
Generally Recognized as Safe |
SECTION 15: REGULATORY STATUS
| Region / Authority |
Status |
| European Union |
Approved as novel food ingredient; prebiotic |
| USA (FDA) |
GRAS (Generally Recognized as Safe) |
| EFSA |
Approved; prebiotic health claims recognized |
| China |
Approved as food ingredient and prebiotic |
| Japan |
Approved as food ingredient; FOSHU recognized |
| Turkey |
Approved as food ingredient |
| CODEX Alimentarius |
Recognized as dietary fiber |
SECTION 16: TRANSPORT INFORMATION
| Parameter |
Information |
| UN Number |
Not regulated (not dangerous goods) |
| Hazard Class |
Not applicable |
| Packing Group |
Not applicable |
| ADR/RID |
Not regulated |
| IMDG Code |
Not regulated |
| IATA (Air) |
Not regulated |
| Marine Pollutant |
No |
SECTION 17: FIRE-FIGHTING MEASURES
| Parameter |
Information |
| Fire Hazard |
Combustible organic powder |
| Suitable Extinguishing Media |
Water spray (mist), CO₂, dry chemical powder |
| Specific Hazards |
When heated, emits CO, CO₂ |
| Decomposition Products |
CO, CO₂ |
| Protective Equipment |
Self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA), full protective clothing |
SECTION 18: ACCIDENTAL SPILLAGE AND CLEANUP
| Parameter |
Information |
| Personal Protection |
Nitrile gloves, protective goggles, dust mask (N95) |
| Cleaning Methods |
Sweep or vacuum; avoid dust generation. For liquid, absorb with inert material. |
| Environmental Precautions |
Prevent entry into drains, soil, and surface waters |
| Waste Disposal |
According to local regulations; landfilling at licensed facilities |
SECTION 19: OTHER NAMES AND SYNONYMS
| Type |
Name |
| Turkish Names |
Ksilo Oligo Sakkarit, Xylo Oligo Sakkarit, Xylo-oligosakkarit, XOS |
| English Names |
Xylo-Oligosaccharides, Xylo-Oligosaccharide, Xylooligosaccharide, XOS |
| Common Abbreviations |
XOS |
| CAS Number |
87-99-0 |
| EC Number |
201-788-0 |
| Commercial Names |
Preticx, Corn Xylo-Oligosaccharide, Organic Prebiotic Xylooligosaccharides |
SECTION 20: SUMMARY AND CRITICAL NOTES
Product Summary
| Parameter |
Value |
| Product |
Xylo-Oligosaccharides (XOS) |
| CAS Number |
87-99-0 |
| Appearance |
White to light yellow powder or light amber liquid |
| XOS Content (Powder 95%) |
≥ 95% |
| XOS Content (Powder 70%) |
≥ 70% |
| XOS Content (Liquid 70%) |
≥ 70% |
| Sweetness |
30-40% of sucrose |
| Calories |
1.5-2.0 kcal/g |
| Primary Function |
Super prebiotic dietary fiber |
Critical Notes
-
Super Prebiotic: XOS is recognized as a "super prebiotic" with exceptional selectivity for Bifidobacteria; it is 10-20 times more potent than FOS in some studies.
-
C5 Structure: XOS is based on pentose (C5) sugars, fundamentally different from C6-based prebiotics (FOS, GOS, inulin), giving it unique fermentation characteristics.
-
High Selectivity: XOS selectively promotes beneficial bacteria (Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus) while inhibiting harmful bacteria (E. coli, Clostridium).
-
Mineral Absorption: Enhances absorption of calcium, magnesium, iron, zinc, and other minerals through increased mineral solubility in the colon.
-
Low Effective Dose: Effective at lower doses (0.5-4.0 g/day) compared to other prebiotics (FOS typically requires 5-15 g/day).
-
Excellent Stability: Stable at high temperatures (up to 200°C) and across a wide pH range (2.5-8.0), making it suitable for various food processing conditions.
-
Mild Sweetness: Clean, mild sweetness (30-40% of sucrose) with no off-taste; ideal for sugar reduction formulations.
-
Health Benefits: Clinically proven to improve blood glucose, serum lipids, digestive health, immune markers, and mineral absorption.
-
Minimal GI Discomfort: Well tolerated at recommended doses (0.5-4.0 g/day) with minimal gastrointestinal side effects compared to other prebiotics.
-
Versatile Applications: Used in nutritional products, dietary supplements, granola bars, cookies, biscuits, dairy, beverages, desserts, weight-loss foods, anti-aging foods, and animal nutrition.
-
Commercial Availability: Available in powder (70% and 95%) and liquid (70%) grades to suit various applications.
IMPORTANT DECLARATION: This Technical Data Sheet (TDS) is for informational purposes only and has been prepared based on available technical data. The user is responsible for determining the product's suitability for their specific application and for complying with all local, national, and international regulations. For complete safety, storage, use, transport, waste, and regulatory compliance information, refer to the official Safety Data Sheet (SDS/MSDS) provided by the manufacturer/supplier.
