Soybean Oil, Soya Oil, Soya Fat Oil, Soybean Oil, SBO, SFO, 8001-22-7

Soybean Oil, Soya Oil, Soya Fat Oil, Soybean Oil, SBO, SFO, 8001-22-7

Soybean Oil 

1. Product Identity

2. Synonyms and Identifiers

Soybean oil is known by various names across different industries and applications:

• Common Names: Soya oil, Soy Bean Oil, Soyabean Oil, Vegetable oil (soybean)

• Process-Related Names: Refined soybean oil, Soybean oil, degummed, Soybean oil, bleached, Soybean oil, deodorized, Refined undeodorized soybean oil

• Industrial/Trade Names: CAP 18, CT 7000, HY 3050, Bionatrol, Destiny HC, Best One Soya

• Derivative Names: Soybean acidulated soapstock, Soybean deodorizer distillate, Soybean oil fatty acids, glycerol triester

• Fraction Names: Soybean vegetable oil, winter fraction

• Systematic Name: Fats and Glyceridic oils, soybean

3. Physicochemical Properties

4. Quality Specifications and Analytical Parameters

5. Fatty Acid Composition

Soybean oil is a complex mixture of triglycerides with the following typical fatty acid profile (measured by gas chromatography as methyl esters):

• Key Feature: Soybean oil is rich in polyunsaturated fats, particularly linoleic acid (omega-6) and α-linolenic acid (omega-3) .

6. Production and Extraction Process

Soybean oil is extracted from the seeds of the soybean plant (Glycine max) through a multi-step process:

1. Cleaning: Soybeans are cleaned to remove foreign material (stones, dust, plant debris).

2. Cracking and Dehulling: The beans are cracked and the hulls are removed to expose the oil-rich kernel.

3. Conditioning: The kernels are heated (conditioned) to optimize oil extraction.

4. Extraction:

   • Mechanical Pressing: Older method using expeller presses.

   • Solvent Extraction: Modern method using food-grade solvents (typically hexane) to dissolve the oil, yielding a higher extraction efficiency.

5. Refining: The crude oil undergoes several refining steps:

   • Degumming: Removal of phospholipids (gums).

   • Neutralization: Removal of free fatty acids.

   • Bleaching: Removal of pigments (chlorophyll, carotenoids) using bleaching earth.

   • Deodorization: Steam distillation under vacuum to remove volatile compounds that cause odor and taste.

6. Winterization (Optional): For specific applications, the oil is cooled and filtered to remove high-melting-point triglycerides, ensuring clarity at refrigerator temperatures (winter fraction).

7. Applications and Uses

Soybean oil is one of the most widely consumed and versatile vegetable oils globally.

1. Food Industry (Primary Use):

• Cooking Oil: Widely used for frying, sautéing, and general cooking due to its high smoke point.

• Baking: Used in baked goods for moisture and texture.

• Salad Dressings and Mayonnaise: A base oil for emulsions due to its neutral flavor.

• Margarine and Shortening: Hydrogenated or partially hydrogenated soybean oil is used to produce solid fats.

• Food Ingredient: Used in processed foods, sauces, and marinades.

2. Industrial Applications:

• Biodiesel Production: A major feedstock for manufacturing biodiesel (soy methyl ester).

• Soap and Detergent Manufacturing: Saponified to produce soaps.

• Paints and Coatings: Used in the production of alkyd resins and as a drying oil in some paints (though less common than linseed oil).

• Lubricants and Greases: Bio-based lubricants.

• Plasticizers: Epoxidized soybean oil (ESBO) is used as a plasticizer and stabilizer in PVC plastics.

3. Cosmetics and Personal Care:

• Skin Care Products: Used as an emollient and moisturizer in creams, lotions, and balms.

• Hair Care Products: Added to conditioners and hair masks for nourishment.

• Makeup: Used in foundations and other cosmetics as a carrier oil.

4. Pharmaceutical Industry (Excipient):

• Solvent and Dispersant: Used as a vehicle for oil-soluble drugs, vitamins (e.g., Vitamin E), and in parenteral nutrition formulations (lipid emulsions).

• Pharmaceutical Excipient: Acts as a solvent and dispersing agent in various formulations.

8. Health Benefits and Nutritional Aspects

• Essential Fatty Acids: Provides linoleic acid (omega-6) and α-linolenic acid (omega-3), which are essential fats that the body cannot produce on its own. They are crucial for brain function, cell growth, and inflammation regulation.

• Vitamin E: A good source of vitamin E (tocopherols), a fat-soluble antioxidant that helps protect cells from oxidative damage and supports skin health.

• Heart Health: The polyunsaturated fats in soybean oil can help lower LDL (bad) cholesterol levels when used in place of saturated fats, contributing to cardiovascular health.

9. Toxicity and Safety

10. Regulatory and Compliance Information

• TSCA Status: Yes (Listed in the Toxic Substances Control Act inventory).

• HS Code: 1507100000 (Customs tariff code for international trade).

• Food Grade: Meets specifications for edible oils (acid value, peroxide value, fatty acid composition).

• Pharmaceutical Grade: Meets stricter pharmacopoeia standards for use as an excipient.

11. Upstream and Downstream Products

Raw Materials (Upstream):

• Soybean seeds (Glycine max)

Derived Products (Downstream):

• Stearic acid

• Soybean Oil Epoxide (Epoxidized Soybean Oil - ESBO)

• Oleic acid

• Biodiesel (Soy Methyl Esters)

• Hydrogenated soybean oil

• Soapstock (byproduct of refining)

• Deodorizer distillate (source of Vitamin E and sterols)

12. Reference Information

• Standard: This oil is the fatty oil extracted from the seeds of the legume soybean (Glycine max).

• Appearance at Low Temperatures: Remains liquid at temperatures as low as 2-4°C. Should be free of foreign material at 21-27°C.

• Last Update: Based on provided data.