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Send EmailRapeseed Oil, Canola Oil, 8002-13-9
RAPESEED OIL / CANOLA OIL
Kolza Yağı / Kanola Yağı
CAS Number: 8002-13-9
EC Number: 232-299-0
1. IDENTIFICATION
| Property | Information |
|---|---|
| Product Name | Rapeseed Oil / Canola Oil |
| Botanical Sources | Brassica napus, Brassica rapa, Brassica campestris |
| CAS Number | 8002-13-9 |
| EINECS Number | 232-299-0 |
| Molecular Formula | Not applicable (triglyceride mixture) |
| Appearance | Very light yellow to pale amber clear liquid |
| Odor | Odorless or nearly odorless (refined) |
| Taste | Neutral, bland taste (refined) |
Other Names / Synonyms:
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AKOREX L
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LIPEX CANOLA-U
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BRASSICA NAPUS OIL
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Cold Pressed Canola Oil
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HIGH ERUCIC ACID RAPESEED OIL (HEAR)
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BRASSICA CAMPESTRIS (RAPESEED) SEED OIL
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BRASSICA RAPA OIL
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Rapiska / Rapitsa (Turkish common names)
2. RAPESEED OIL vs CANOLA OIL: KEY DIFFERENCES
| Parameter | Traditional Rapeseed Oil | Canola Oil (Low Erucic Acid) |
|---|---|---|
| Erucic Acid (C22:1) Content | 30-60% | < 2% (typically < 0.5-1%) |
| Glucosinolate Content | High (60-100 μmol/g) | Low (< 30 μmol/g) |
| Toxicity Concerns | Potential health risks | Generally recognized as safe |
| Food Grade | Not suitable for human consumption | Yes, widely used |
| Primary Use | Industrial (lubricants, biodiesel) | Food, cooking oil |
| Genetic Modification | Conventional (wild type) | Conventional breeding / Non-GMO varieties available |
Key Historical Note: In 1979, traditional rapeseed cultivation was banned in many countries due to erucic acid and glucosinolate toxicity concerns. Canadian plant breeders developed "Canola" (Canadian Oil, Low Acid) – a low-erucic acid, low-glucosinolate variety that is safe for human consumption.
3. PHYSICAL & CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
| Property | Rapeseed Oil (Traditional) | Canola Oil (Low Erucic) |
|---|---|---|
| Physical State (20°C) | Liquid | Liquid |
| Appearance | Pale yellow to amber | Very light yellow, clear |
| Density (20°C) | 0.910 – 0.925 g/mL | 0.914 – 0.920 g/mL |
| Refractive Index (20°C) | 1.470 – 1.476 | 1.472 – 1.476 |
| Melting Point | -10°C to -5°C | -10°C to -5°C |
| Smoke Point (Refined) | 190-210°C (374-410°F) | 200-230°C (392-446°F) |
| Flash Point | >110°C (>230°F) | >110°C (>230°F) |
| Iodine Value | 94 – 120 | 110 – 126 |
| Saponification Value | 170 – 190 | 182 – 193 |
| Acid Value (Refined) | ≤ 0.2 mg KOH/g | ≤ 0.2 mg KOH/g |
4. TYPICAL FATTY ACID COMPOSITION
| Fatty Acid | Common Name | Traditional Rapeseed Oil (%) | Canola Oil (%) |
|---|---|---|---|
| C16:0 | Palmitic acid | 2.5 – 7.0 | 3.0 – 6.0 |
| C18:0 | Stearic acid | 0.5 – 3.0 | 1.0 – 3.0 |
| C18:1 | Oleic acid (Omega-9) | 14 – 35 | 55 – 70 |
| C18:2 | Linoleic acid (Omega-6) | 15 – 35 | 15 – 30 |
| C18:3 | α-Linolenic acid (Omega-3) | 5 – 12 | 7 – 12 |
| C20:1 | Gadoleic acid | 1 – 15 | < 2 |
| C22:1 | Erucic acid | 30 – 60 | < 2 (typically < 0.5-1) |
| C20:0 | Arachidic acid | < 1 | < 1 |
Key Feature: Canola oil is characterized by:
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Low saturated fat (~7%) – lower than olive oil (15%) and sunflower oil (12%)
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High monounsaturated fat (oleic acid – 55-70%)
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Excellent source of Omega-3 (α-linolenic acid)
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No trans fats (unless partially hydrogenated)
5. PRODUCTION PROCESS
| Stage | Description |
|---|---|
| 1. Seed Cleaning | Rapeseed/Canola seeds are cleaned to remove foreign matter |
| 2. Seed Conditioning | Seeds are heated to optimize oil extraction |
| 3. Flaking | Seeds are rolled into thin flakes |
| 4. Cooking | Flakes are cooked to break oil cells |
| 5. Pressing (Mechanical) | Oil is expelled using screw press (expeller) |
| 6. Solvent Extraction | Remaining oil is extracted using hexane (higher yield) |
| 7. Crude Oil | Crude rapeseed/canola oil is obtained |
| 8. Refining (RBD Process) | Degumming: Removal of phospholipids; Neutralization: Removal of free fatty acids; Bleaching: Removal of pigments using bleaching earth; Deodorization: Steam distillation under vacuum to remove odors |
| 9. Finished Oil | Refined, Bleached, Deodorized (RBD) Canola Oil |
Yield: Approximately 450 grams of oil per 1 kg of rapeseed seeds.
6. GRADES & TYPES
| Grade | Description | Applications |
|---|---|---|
| Crude Rapeseed Oil | Unrefined, high erucic acid | Industrial (biodiesel, lubricants) |
| Refined Rapeseed Oil (HEAR) | High erucic acid – refined | Industrial lubricants, plasticizers |
| Crude Canola Oil | Unrefined, low erucic acid | Further refining |
| Refined Canola Oil (RBD) | Fully refined – neutral taste | Cooking oil, food industry |
| Winterized Canola Oil | Cold-filtered | Salad dressings (remains clear at low temperatures) |
| Expeller-Pressed Canola Oil | Mechanically pressed, no solvents | Premium food grade |
| Cold-Pressed Canola Oil | Low-temperature extraction | Specialty food, cosmetics |
| Organic Canola Oil | USDA/EU organic certified | Health food, natural cosmetics |
| Non-GMO Canola Oil | From non-genetically modified seeds | Specialized food applications |
7. APPLICATIONS
7.1. Food Industry (Primary for Canola)
| Application | Function |
|---|---|
| Cooking Oil | High smoke point, neutral taste – frying, sautéing, baking |
| Salad Dressings & Mayonnaise | Base oil for emulsions |
| Margarine & Shortening | Hydrogenated or interesterified canola oil |
| Bakery Products | Moisture, texture, shelf-life extension |
| Processed Foods | Ingredient in sauces, marinades, snacks |
| Bread & Baked Goods | Used in commercial baking |
| Canned Foods | Packing medium |
7.2. Industrial Applications
| Application | Function | Oil Type |
|---|---|---|
| Biodiesel Production | Primary feedstock (rapeseed methyl ester) | HEAR / Traditional |
| Bio-lubricants | Biodegradable lubricants for machinery | HEAR / Refined |
| Soap Manufacturing | Saponification | Technical grade |
| Paints & Varnishes | Drying oil component | High erucic |
| Printing Inks | Ink vehicle (especially newspaper ink) | Refined |
| Plasticizers | Epoxidized rapeseed oil | High erucic |
| Synthetic Rubber | Processing aid | Refined |
| Candles | Natural wax component | Hydrogenated |
7.3. Cosmetics & Personal Care
| Application | Function |
|---|---|
| Skin Care Products | Emollient, moisturizer in creams, lotions |
| Lipsticks & Lip Balms | Base oil, texture enhancer |
| Hair Care Products | Conditioning agent, shine enhancer |
| Body Oils | Carrier oil |
| Soap Base | For specialty soaps |
7.4. Animal Feed (Rapeseed Meal)
| Application | Function |
|---|---|
| Cattle Feed | High-protein meal (35-40% protein) |
| Poultry Feed | Protein supplement (limited due to glucosinolates – canola meal preferred) |
| Swine Feed | Protein source |
| Aquaculture Feed | Fish feed component |
Note: Traditional rapeseed meal has high glucosinolate content and is less suitable for monogastric animals. Canola meal is preferred for animal nutrition.
8. NUTRITIONAL INFORMATION (per 1 tbsp / 14 g Canola Oil)
| Nutrient | Amount |
|---|---|
| Calories | 120 kcal |
| Total Fat | 14 g |
| – Saturated Fat | 1 g (7%) |
| – Monounsaturated Fat | 8 g (57%) |
| – Polyunsaturated Fat | 4 g (29%) |
| – Trans Fat | 0 g |
| Vitamin E | 2.4 mg (16% DV) |
| Vitamin K | 10 µg (12% DV) |
9. HEALTH BENEFITS (Canola Oil)
| Benefit | Mechanism |
|---|---|
| Heart Health | Low saturated fat (7%) – helps reduce LDL cholesterol when substituted for saturated fats |
| Omega-3 Rich | Good source of α-linolenic acid (ALA) – supports brain and nerve function |
| Vitamin E | Antioxidant – protects cells from oxidative damage |
| High Smoke Point | Suitable for high-heat cooking (200-230°C) – less degradation |
| Vitamin K | Supports bone health and blood clotting |
| Neutral Taste | Does not overpower other food flavors |
10. HEALTH RISKS & CONCERNS
| Risk | Associated Oil | Explanation |
|---|---|---|
| Erucic Acid Toxicity | Traditional Rapeseed Oil | High erucic acid (30-60%) – linked to heart damage, kidney/adrenal issues in animal studies |
| Glucosinolates | Traditional Rapeseed Oil | Anti-nutritional compounds – may cause goiter, liver damage |
| Trans Fats | Partially Hydrogenated Canola Oil | Hydrogenation creates trans fats – associated with heart disease |
| Omega-6/Omega-3 Ratio | Canola Oil (acceptable ratio) | Ratio ~2:1 – considered balanced |
| GMO Concerns | Conventional Canola (80-90% GMO) | Most canola grown in North America is genetically modified. Non-GMO varieties available. |
Key Warnings:
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Traditional rapeseed oil (high erucic acid) is NOT suitable for human consumption
-
Canola oil is safe for human consumption (GRAS approved)
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Overconsumption of any oil may contribute to weight gain and cardiovascular issues
11. CULTIVATION & PRODUCTION COUNTRIES
| Region | Countries | Production Focus |
|---|---|---|
| Europe | Germany, France, Poland, UK, Turkey (Trakya, Marmara, Mediterranean) | Food grade, biodiesel |
| North America | Canada (largest producer), USA | Canola oil (low erucic) |
| Asia | China, India, Pakistan | Traditional rapeseed, canola |
Turkey Cultivation Regions:
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Trakya Region (first introduced)
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South Marmara
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Southeastern Anatolia
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Mediterranean / Çukurova
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Aegean
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Central Anatolia
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Black Sea
12. RAPESEED MEAL (By-Product)
| Parameter | Traditional Rapeseed Meal | Canola Meal |
|---|---|---|
| Protein Content | 30-35% | 35-40% |
| Glucosinolate Content | High (60-100 μmol/g) | Low (< 30 μmol/g) |
| Animal Feed Suitability | Limited (ruminants only) | Excellent (all livestock) |
| Primary Use | Cattle feed, fertilizer | Poultry, swine, cattle, aquaculture feed |
13. STORAGE & HANDLING
| Parameter | Information |
|---|---|
| Storage Conditions | Cool, dry, dark place; 2-8°C recommended |
| Protect From | Light, heat, oxygen, moisture |
| Container Requirements | Tightly closed, food-grade containers (stainless steel, HDPE, glass) |
| Shelf Life (RBD Canola) | 12-24 months (with antioxidants) |
| Oxidation Prevention | Store under nitrogen; add antioxidants (tocopherols, TBHQ, citric acid) |
| Packaging Options | 20 L jerry cans, 200 L drums, 1000 kg IBC, flexibag, bulk tanker |
14. SAFETY & REGULATORY INFORMATION
| Parameter | Canola Oil (Low Erucic) | Traditional Rapeseed Oil |
|---|---|---|
| FDA Status (US) | GRAS (21 CFR 184.1555) | Not GRAS for food |
| EU Status | Approved food ingredient | Restricted (erucic acid limits) |
| Turkey Status | Approved (TGK compliant) | Not for human consumption |
| Maximum Erucic Acid (Food) | < 2% (EU: < 0.5-1% for infant formula) | – |
| TSCA | Listed | Listed |
| HS Code (Crude) | 1514110000 | 1514110000 |
| HS Code (Refined) | 1514199000 | 1514199000 |
15. OTHER NAMES & SYNONYMS
| Name | Description |
|---|---|
| Rapeseed Oil | Traditional name (high erucic) |
| Canola Oil | Low erucic, low glucosinolate variety |
| Kolza Yağı | Turkish name |
| Kanola Yağı | Turkish name for canola |
| Rapiska / Rapitsa | Turkish common names |
| Akorex L | Trade name |
| Lipex Canola-U | Trade name |
| HEAR Oil | High Erucic Acid Rapeseed Oil |
| LEAR Oil | Low Erucic Acid Rapeseed Oil (Canola) |
| Brassica Oil | Botanical name |
Database Identifiers:
-
CAS: 8002-13-9
-
EC: 232-299-0
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MDL: MFCD00132441
16. SUMMARY
Rapeseed Oil / Canola Oil (CAS 8002-13-9) is a vegetable oil derived from Brassica species seeds. Traditional rapeseed oil contains high levels of erucic acid (30-60%) and glucosinolates, making it unsuitable for human consumption. Canola oil (Canadian Oil, Low Acid) is a specially bred variety with <2% erucic acid and low glucosinolates, safe for human consumption.
Key Differences:
| Feature | Traditional Rapeseed Oil | Canola Oil |
|---|---|---|
| Erucic Acid | 30-60% | < 2% |
| Glucosinolates | High | Low |
| Food Safety | Not for human consumption | Safe (GRAS) |
| Primary Use | Industrial (biodiesel, lubricants) | Food (cooking oil) |
Canola Oil Key Features:
| Feature | Description |
|---|---|
| Low Saturated Fat | Only 7% – lower than olive oil (15%) |
| High Monounsaturated Fat | 55-70% oleic acid |
| Omega-3 Source | Rich in α-linolenic acid (7-12%) |
| High Smoke Point | 200-230°C (392-446°F) |
| Neutral Taste | Does not affect food flavor |
Main Application Areas:
| Sector | Applications |
|---|---|
| Food Industry | Cooking oil, salad dressings, margarine, baking |
| Industrial | Biodiesel, lubricants, soaps, inks, plastics |
| Cosmetics | Emollient, skin/hair care, lipsticks |
| Animal Feed | High-protein meal (canola meal) |
17. IMPORTANT NOTES
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Traditional vs. Canola: Traditional rapeseed oil (high erucic acid) is NOT safe for human consumption. Only low erucic acid varieties (Canola) should be used for food.
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Erucic Acid Limits: EU regulations limit erucic acid in edible oils to <2% (and <0.5-1% for infant formula). Canola oil meets these standards.
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1979 Ban: In 1979, traditional rapeseed cultivation was banned in many countries due to toxicity concerns (erucic acid and glucosinolates). Modern canola varieties were developed through conventional breeding.
-
GMO Status: Approximately 80-90% of canola grown in North America is genetically modified (herbicide-resistant). Non-GMO and organic canola oil is available from specialty suppliers.
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High Smoke Point: Refined canola oil has a smoke point of 200-230°C (392-446°F), making it suitable for frying and high-heat cooking.
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Cold Stability: Non-winterized canola oil may become cloudy at refrigerator temperatures. Use winterized grade for salad dressings and cold applications.
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Omega-3/Omega-6 Balance: Canola oil has an Omega-6:Omega-3 ratio of approximately 2:1, which is considered healthy and balanced.
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Sustainable Source: Rapeseed/canola is a sustainable oil crop with high yield per hectare and lower water requirements compared to many other oilseeds.
Important Disclaimer: This Technical Data Sheet (TDS) is for informational purposes only. For complete safety, handling, storage, and regulatory compliance information, always refer to the official Safety Data Sheet (SDS) provided by the manufacturer/supplier. The health claims described are based on research but may vary by jurisdiction. Traditional rapeseed oil (high erucic acid) should not be used for human consumption.
