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Send EmailHyaluronic Acid, Hyaluronan, Uronic Acid, HA, 9004-61-9
HYALURONIC ACID (HA)
SECTION 1: PRODUCT IDENTITY AND CHEMICAL IDENTIFICATION
| Parameter | Information |
|---|---|
| Product Name | Hyaluronic Acid |
| Chemical Name | Hyaluronan |
| Synonyms (Turkish) | Hyaluronik Asit, Hyaluronan, HA, Üronik Asit, Cam Şekeri Karbon Asidi |
| Synonyms (English) | Hyaluronic Acid, Hyaluronan, HA, Uronic Acid |
| CAS Number | 9004-61-9 |
| EC Number (EINECS) | 232-678-0 |
| Molecular Formula | C₁₄H₂₂NNaO₁₁ (for sodium salt) |
| Molecular Weight | 403.31 g/mol (monomer unit); 100,000 – 10,000,000 Da (polymer) |
| Chemical Class | Glycosaminoglycan (GAG); Mucopolysaccharide |
| Source | Animal tissue (rooster comb, umbilical cord) or microbial fermentation (Streptococcus zooepidemicus) |
| Appearance | White amorphous solid, lyophilized powder |
| Odor | Odorless |
| Taste | Tasteless |
| Solubility | Soluble in water; insoluble in organic solvents |
SECTION 2: CHEMICAL STRUCTURE
Structure Description:
—[D-Glucuronic Acid — N-Acetylglucosamine]—
|
n
Hyaluronic Acid
(C₁₄H₂₁NO₁₁)ₙ
Simplified Structure:
HOOC—(C₆H₁₀O₇)—O—(C₆H₁₁NO₅)—
|
n
Hyaluronic Acid
Linear polymer chain of repeating disaccharide units
| Parameter | Description |
|---|---|
| Molecular Formula (Monomer) | C₁₄H₂₁NO₁₁ |
| Molecular Formula (Sodium Salt) | C₁₄H₂₂NNaO₁₁ |
| Molecular Weight | 100,000 – 10,000,000 Da (polymer) |
| Chemical Class | Glycosaminoglycan (GAG); Acid mucopolysaccharide |
| Repeating Unit | D-glucuronic acid + N-acetylglucosamine |
| Glycosidic Bonds | β-(1→3) and β-(1→4) |
| Sulfur Content | None (unlike other GAGs) |
| Functional Groups | Carboxylic acid (-COOH), hydroxyl (-OH), acetamide (-NHCOCH₃) |
| SMILES | CC(=O)NC1C(C(C(OC1OC2C(C(C(C(O2)C(=O)O)O)O)O)CO)O)O |
| InChI | InChI=1S/C14H21NO11/c1-4(17)15-7-9(20)8(19)6(3-16)25-13(7)26-14-10(21)11(22)12(23)5(2-18)24-14/h5-14,16,18-23H,2-3H2,1H3,(H,15,17) |
| InChI Key | None provided |
| Specific Rotation [α]D²⁰ | -70° to -80° (aqueous solution) |
SECTION 3: PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
| Property | Value | Test Method / Note |
|---|---|---|
| Appearance | White amorphous solid, lyophilized powder | Visual |
| Odor | Odorless | Olfactometric |
| Taste | Tasteless | Sensory |
| Molecular Weight | Variable (100,000 – 10,000,000 Da) | GPC / SEC |
| Density | ~1.78 g/cm³ | - |
| Boiling Point | 1274.4°C (at 760 mmHg) | - |
| Flash Point | 724.5°C | - |
| Refractive Index | 1.666 | - |
| Vapor Pressure | 0 mmHg (at 25°C) | - |
| Water Solubility | Soluble (5 mg/mL, clear solution) | General Method |
| Organic Solvent Solubility | Insoluble | General Method |
| Specific Rotation [α]D²⁰ | -70° to -80° | Polarimetry |
| Hygroscopicity | High (absorbs moisture) | - |
| pH (1% Solution) | 5.5 – 7.5 | pH Meter |
| Viscosity | High (molecular weight dependent) | Viscometer |
| Water Retention Capacity | Up to 500 times its own weight | - |
SECTION 4: MOLECULAR WEIGHT CLASSES
| Class | Molecular Weight | Source | Application |
|---|---|---|---|
| High Molecular Weight HA | >1,000,000 Da | Rooster comb, fermentation | Intra-articular injections, viscosupplementation |
| Medium Molecular Weight HA | 500,000 – 1,000,000 Da | Fermentation | Wound healing, dermal fillers |
| Low Molecular Weight HA | 50,000 – 500,000 Da | Fermentation | Cosmetics, moisturizers |
| Very Low Molecular Weight HA | 10,000 – 50,000 Da | Enzymatic degradation | Transdermal applications, anti-aging |
| Oligomer HA | <10,000 Da | Enzymatic hydrolysis | Anti-inflammatory, anti-aging |
| Cross-linked HA | Variable | Chemical cross-linking | Dermal fillers, long-lasting products |
SECTION 5: NATURAL SOURCES
| Source | Location | HA Concentration | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Rooster Comb (Cockscomb) | Chicken comb | Highest | Traditional extraction source |
| Umbilical Cord | Human, animal | High | Gel form |
| Vitreous Humor | Eye | High | Dissolved form |
| Synovial Fluid | Joints | High | Dissolved form |
| Skin (Dermis) | Human, animal | High | In connective tissue |
| Human Serum | Blood | Low | Dissolved form |
| Cartilage | Joints | Moderate | In connective tissue |
| Brain | Nervous system | Low | - |
| Chicken Embryo | Egg | Low | - |
| Artery/Vein Walls | Circulatory | Low | - |
SECTION 6: PRODUCTION METHODS
| Method | Description | Advantages | Disadvantages |
|---|---|---|---|
| Animal Tissue Extraction | Extraction from rooster comb, umbilical cord or bovine vitreous humor with acetone/ethanol degreasing, water extraction, enzymatic purification | Traditional, high purity | Low yield (~1%), complex, expensive, animal-derived |
| Microbial Fermentation | Fermentation with Streptococcus zooepidemicus or Lactococcus species in glucose-containing medium for 48 hours, filtration, alcohol precipitation | Low cost, high yield, controllable MW, no animal source | Bacterial endotoxin risk, purification required |
| Chemical Synthesis | Polysaccharide synthesis via natural enzymatic polymerization, followed by enzymatic processing | Low cost | Structural purity issues |
SECTION 7: PHYSIOLOGICAL FUNCTIONS
| Function | Description |
|---|---|
| Joint Lubrication | Key component of synovial fluid; reduces friction during movement, acts as shock absorber |
| Natural Moisturizer (NMF) | Can hold up to 500 times its weight in water; maintains skin moisture balance |
| Tissue Repair | Provides suitable environment for cell proliferation and migration; accelerates wound healing |
| Eye Health | Maintains eye shape in vitreous humor; viscoelastic agent in cataract surgery |
| Intracellular Ion Regulation | Regulates diffusion and movement of proteins, water, and electrolytes (Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, K⁺, Na⁺) |
| Immune Regulation | Affects macrophages and lymphocytes |
| Biomarker | Used in diagnosis of liver fibrosis and cirrhosis (blood HA level) |
| Anti-inflammatory | Low molecular weight HA forms exhibit anti-inflammatory effects |
SECTION 8: AGE-RELATED DECLINE
| Age | Skin HA Level | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| 20 years | 100% | Reference level |
| 30 years | 65% | Significant decrease begins |
| 50 years | 45% | Wrinkles become prominent |
| 60 years | 25% | Skin elasticity significantly reduced |
SECTION 9: APPLICATIONS AND USAGE
| Industry | Application | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Cosmetics & Personal Care | Moisturizing creams, lotions | Natural moisturizing factor; hydrates and smooths skin |
| Anti-aging products | Anti-wrinkle serums, creams | |
| Hair and body products | Shampoos, conditioners, body lotions | |
| Medical & Pharmaceutical | Ophthalmology | Cataract surgery, corneal transplant, dry eye treatment (artificial tears) |
| Orthopedics & Rheumatology | Intra-articular viscosupplementation injections for osteoarthritis | |
| Surgery | Anti-adhesion barriers, wound dressings | |
| Aesthetic & Plastic Surgery | Dermal fillers | Facial wrinkles, lip augmentation, facial contouring (cross-linked HA) |
| Food Supplements | Oral HA supplements | Capsules, liquid form; supports skin, joint and eye health |
| Veterinary | Joint treatments | Osteoarthritis treatment in animals |
SECTION 10: QUALITY SPECIFICATIONS
| Parameter | Specification (Cosmetic) | Specification (Pharmaceutical) | Test Method |
|---|---|---|---|
| Appearance | White amorphous powder | White amorphous powder | Visual |
| Assay (HA) | ≥95.0% | ≥98.0% | HPLC / Enzymatic |
| Molecular Weight | Variable (customer specific) | Variable (customer specific) | GPC / SEC |
| Moisture Content | ≤10.0% | ≤10.0% | Karl Fischer |
| Protein Content | ≤0.1% | ≤0.05% | Bradford / Kjeldahl |
| pH (1% Solution) | 5.5 – 7.5 | 5.5 – 7.5 | pH Meter |
| Viscosity (1% Solution) | Variable (MW dependent) | Variable (MW dependent) | Viscometer |
| Heavy Metals (Pb) | ≤10 ppm | ≤5 ppm | ICP-MS |
| Arsenic (As) | ≤2 ppm | ≤1 ppm | ICP-MS |
| Lead (Pb) | ≤2 ppm | ≤1 ppm | ICP-MS |
| Endotoxin | ≤5 EU/mg | ≤0.5 EU/mg | LAL Test |
| Microbiological Purity | TAMC ≤10² CFU/g | TAMC ≤10¹ CFU/g | USP <61> |
| E. coli | Negative | Negative | USP <62> |
| Salmonella spp. | Negative | Negative | USP <62> |
| S. aureus | Negative | Negative | USP <62> |
| P. aeruginosa | Negative | Negative | USP <62> |
SECTION 11: SAFETY AND TOXICOLOGICAL PROFILE
| Parameter | Value / Description |
|---|---|
| GHS Classification | Generally not classified as hazardous substance |
| Signal Word | None (not hazardous) |
| Hazard Pictograms | None |
| Acute Oral Toxicity (LD50, Rat) | >5,000 mg/kg (very low toxicity) |
| Skin Irritation | Not irritant |
| Eye Irritation | Mild irritant (mechanical) |
| Skin Sensitization | Does not cause sensitization |
| Carcinogenicity | Not classified as carcinogenic |
| Mutagenicity | Not mutagenic |
| Reproductive Toxicity | No reproductive toxicity |
| Target Organs | Skin, eyes |
| RTECS | MT7250000 |
| WGK Germany | 3 (Water hazard class - high risk) |
| TSCA Status | Yes (Listed) |
| FLUKA F Codes | 3-10 |
| Side Effects (Injection) | Pain, swelling, redness (temporary) |
| Contraindications | Pregnancy, lactation, under 18, infection, HA allergy |
SECTION 12: GHS CLASSIFICATION AND LABELING
GHS Classification (in accordance with 1272/2008/EC):
| Hazard Class | Category | H-Statement |
|---|---|---|
| Generally not classified as hazardous substance | – | – |
| Skin Irritation | Category 2 (optional) | H315 |
| Eye Irritation | Category 2 (optional) | H319 |
Signal Word: None (Not classified as hazardous) or Warning (optional)
Hazard Pictograms: None (generally) or GHS07 (Exclamation mark)
Safety Phrases:
-
S22: Do not breathe dust.
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S24/25: Avoid contact with skin and eyes.
NFPA 704 Hazard Classification:
| Health | Flammability | Reactivity | Special |
|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | 0 | 0 | - |
| (Minimal health hazard) | (Non-combustible) | (Stable) | (None) |
SECTION 13: PRECAUTIONARY STATEMENTS (P-CODES)
| Code | Statement |
|---|---|
| P261 | Avoid breathing dust/fume/gas |
| P264 | Wash hands thoroughly after handling |
| P271 | Use only outdoors or in a well-ventilated area |
| P280 | Wear protective gloves/protective clothing/eye protection/face protection |
| P302+P352 | IF ON SKIN: Wash with plenty of soap and water |
| P304+P340 | IF INHALED: Remove person to fresh air and keep comfortable for breathing |
| P305+P351+P338 | IF IN EYES: Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes |
| P332+P313 | If skin irritation occurs: Get medical advice/attention |
| P337+P313 | If eye irritation persists: Get medical advice/attention |
| P403+P233 | Store in a well-ventilated place. Keep container tightly closed |
| P501 | Dispose of contents/container in accordance with local/regional/national/international regulations |
SECTION 14: FIRST AID MEASURES
| Route of Exposure | Action |
|---|---|
| Inhalation | If inhaled as powder, move to fresh air. Seek medical attention if respiratory symptoms persist. |
| Skin Contact | Wash with plenty of soap and water. Seek medical attention if irritation develops. |
| Eye Contact | Rinse thoroughly with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes. Keep eyelids open. Seek medical attention if irritation persists. |
| Ingestion | Rinse mouth with water. Do NOT induce vomiting. Seek medical attention. |
SECTION 15: STORAGE AND SHELF LIFE
| Parameter | Information |
|---|---|
| Storage Conditions | Store at -20°C in a dry, dark place in tightly closed containers. |
| Temperature Limits | -20°C (recommended); -5°C to +5°C (acceptable) |
| Humidity | Low humidity environment (hygroscopic) |
| Light | Protect from light (photodegradation) |
| Container Requirements | Tightly closed, moisture-resistant containers |
| Shelf Life | 24-36 months (under proper storage conditions) |
| Signs of Degradation | Caking, color change, viscosity loss |
SECTION 16: PACKAGING OPTIONS
| Packaging Type | Quantity / Capacity | Material |
|---|---|---|
| Aluminum Foil Bag | 1 g, 5 g, 10 g, 100 g, 1 kg | Aluminum / PE |
| HDPE Drum | 5 kg, 10 kg, 25 kg | HDPE |
| Glass Bottle (Amber) | 1 g, 5 g, 10 g, 50 g, 100 g | Amber glass |
| IBC Container | 500 kg, 1000 kg | HDPE |
SECTION 17: TRANSPORTATION INFORMATION
| Parameter | Information |
|---|---|
| UN Number | Not applicable (not classified as dangerous substance) |
| Hazard Class | Not applicable |
| ADR/RID | Not classified as dangerous goods |
| IMDG Code | Not marine pollutant |
| IATA (Air) | Not classified as dangerous goods; can be transported by air |
| Transport Temperature | -20°C (cold chain) or refrigerated |
SECTION 18: REGULATORY STATUS
| Region / Authority | Status |
|---|---|
| USA (FDA) | Approved as cosmetic ingredient; Approved as medical device (dermal fillers) |
| European Union (EC) | Approved as cosmetic ingredient |
| Turkey | Approved as cosmetic, pharmaceutical and food supplement ingredient |
| ECHA (REACH) | Registered substance |
| TSCA (USA) | Listed |
| California (Prop 65) | Not listed |
| Halal | Yes (fermentation-derived) |
| Kosher | Yes (with certification) |
| Vegan | Yes (fermentation-derived) |
SECTION 19: OTHER NAMES AND SYNONYMS
| Type | Name |
|---|---|
| Turkish Names | Hialüronik Asit, Hyaluronan, HA, Üronik Asit, Cam Şekeri Karbon Asidi |
| English Names | Hyaluronic Acid, Hyaluronan, HA, Uronic Acid |
| Salt Form | Sodium Hyaluronate, Hyaluronic Acid Sodium |
| INCI Name | Hyaluronic Acid, Sodium Hyaluronate |
| Trade Marks | Restylane, Juvederm, Hyalgan, Synvisc, Hyaluronic Acid (bulk) |
| CAS Number | 9004-61-9 |
| EC Number | 232-678-0 |
| RTECS | MT7250000 |
SECTION 20: CRITICAL WARNINGS AND BEST PRACTICES
CRITICAL WARNINGS:
-
Hygroscopic: Absorbs moisture; store in tightly closed, dry containers.
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Temperature Sensitivity: High temperature causes viscosity loss; store at -20°C.
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pH Sensitivity: pH below or above 7 causes viscosity loss.
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Enzyme Sensitivity: Hyaluronidase enzyme degrades HA.
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UV Sensitivity: UV rays degrade HA; protect from light.
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Microbial Contamination: Fermentation-derived products may contain endotoxins; endotoxin testing is mandatory for pharmaceutical grade.
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Molecular Weight: Different MWs have different applications; correct MW selection is critical.
BEST PRACTICE RECOMMENDATIONS:
-
Form Selection: High MW (>1,000,000 Da) for joint injections; Medium MW (500,000-1,000,000 Da) for wound healing; Low MW (50,000-500,000 Da) for cosmetics; Very low MW (<50,000 Da) for transdermal applications.
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Dissolution: Dissolve slowly in water; avoid high-speed mixing (viscosity loss).
-
pH Adjustment: Maintain pH 5.5-7.5.
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Temperature: Process at temperatures not exceeding 40°C.
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Preservatives: Add sodium benzoate, potassium sorbate, phenoxyethanol.
-
Storage: Store at -20°C in a dry, dark place in tightly closed containers.
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Personal Protective Equipment: Dust mask, safety goggles, protective clothing.
LEGAL DISCLAIMER:
The information provided in this document is based on our current knowledge and experience and is presented in good faith. However, as all conditions of use are beyond our control, it does not constitute a binding specification or guarantee. This Technical Data Sheet is for informational purposes only. Users are responsible for testing suitability for their own applications and for complying with all local, regional, and national regulations. For complete safety, storage, use, handling, waste, and regulatory compliance information, please refer to the official Safety Data Sheet (SDS/MSDS) provided by the manufacturer/supplier.
