Denatonium Benzoate, Lidocaine Benzyl Benzoate, Bitrex, 3734-33-6

Denatonium Benzoate, Lidocaine Benzyl Benzoate, Bitrex, 3734-33-6

DENATONIUM BENZOATE (BITREX)

PRODUCT IDENTIFICATION INFORMATION

CHEMICAL STRUCTURE

Denatonium Benzoate Structure:

        O                 CH₂CH₃
        ||                   |
    C₆H₅—C—O⁻       N⁺—CH₂—C—NH—C₆H₃(CH₃)₂
                    |       ||
                   CH₂     O
                   |
                 C₆H₅

Structure Description:

• Quaternary ammonium salt.

• Contains a denatonium cation and a benzoate anion.

• The most bitter compound known to science.

• Approximately 1000 times more bitter than quinine.

• Detectable at concentrations as low as 10 ppm (parts per million).

• White, crystalline, odorless powder.

SECTION 1: CHEMICAL IDENTITY AND DESCRIPTION

SECTION 2: PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

SECTION 3: DENATONIUM BENZOATE vs OTHER BITTERING AGENTS

SECTION 4: MECHANISM OF ACTION

SECTION 5: PRODUCTION PROCESS

Industrial Production Method:

Process Flow:
Lidocaine Synthesis → Benzylation → Denatonium Cation Formation → Salt Formation with Benzoic Acid → Crystallization → Purification → Drying → Milling → Final Product

Step-by-Step Description:

1. Synthesis of Lidocaine Intermediate: Lidocaine is synthesized from 2,6-dimethylaniline and chloroacetic acid.

2. Benzylation: The lidocaine intermediate is benzylated with benzyl chloride to form the denatonium cation.

3. Salt Formation: The denatonium cation is reacted with benzoic acid to form denatonium benzoate.

4. Crystallization: The product is crystallized from solution.

5. Purification: Crystals are purified to remove impurities.

6. Drying: Purified crystals are dried to achieve the desired moisture content.

7. Milling: Dried product is milled to achieve the desired particle size.

8. Final Product: White crystalline powder (≥ 99.5% purity).

SECTION 6: FUNCTIONAL PROPERTIES

SECTION 7: MAIN APPLICATION AREAS

SECTION 8: SAMPLE FORMULATIONS

Alcohol Denaturant Solution (For Industrial Ethanol):

Instructions: Dissolve denatonium benzoate in a small amount of ethanol; Add to the bulk ethanol with mixing; Ensure uniform distribution; Check concentration by HPLC.

Antifreeze Deterrent Blend:

Instructions: Dissolve denatonium benzoate in a compatible solvent (propylene glycol); Add to the antifreeze formulation with mixing; Ensure uniform distribution.

Nail Biting Prevention Polish:

Instructions: Dissolve denatonium benzoate in the nail polish base; Mix thoroughly; Package in appropriate containers.

SECTION 9: QUALITY SPECIFICATIONS

SECTION 10: TOXICOLOGICAL PROFILE

SECTION 11: GHS CLASSIFICATION AND LABELING

GHS Classification (in accordance with CLP and UN GHS):

Signal Word: WARNING

Hazard Pictograms: GHS07 (Exclamation Mark)

Hazard Statements (H-Codes):

NFPA 704 Hazard Classification:

SECTION 12: PRECAUTIONARY STATEMENTS (P-CODES)

SECTION 13: FIRST AID MEASURES

SECTION 14: FIREFIGHTING MEASURES

SECTION 15: STORAGE AND SHELF LIFE

SECTION 16: PACKAGING OPTIONS

SECTION 17: TRANSPORT INFORMATION

SECTION 18: REGULATORY STATUS

SECTION 19: OTHER NAMES AND SYNONYMS

SECTION 20: SUMMARY TABLE

SECTION 21: CRITICAL WARNINGS AND BEST PRACTICES

CRITICAL WARNINGS:

• EXTREMELY BITTER: The most bitter substance known to science; Effective at 10 ppm; AVOID CONTACT WITH MOUTH, EYES, AND FOOD.

• HARMFUL IF SWALLOWED (H302): Toxic at high concentrations; Low toxicity at intended use levels.

• CAUSES EYE IRRITATION (H319): May cause serious eye irritation; Avoid eye contact.

• MAY CAUSE RESPIRATORY IRRITATION (H335): Avoid inhalation of dust.

• POTENT DENATURANT: Very effective at low concentrations; Can contaminate food processing lines; Thorough cleaning required if accidentally mixed.

• HYGROSCOPIC: Slightly absorbs moisture; Store in tightly closed containers.

• NON-FLAMMABLE: Stable and non-combustible.

• GRAS Status: FDA GRAS as denaturant and bittering agent; Safe at intended use levels.

• HIGH POTENCY: A small amount goes a long way; Use extreme care in measuring and handling.

BEST PRACTICE RECOMMENDATIONS:

• Alcohol Denaturation: Use as denaturant for ethanol, methanol, and other industrial alcohols; Dosage: 10-50 ppm; Dissolve in a small amount of alcohol before adding to bulk; Ensure uniform distribution; Comply with local regulations.

• Household Chemicals: Use as deterrent in antifreeze, cleaning products, and solvents; Dosage: 10-50 ppm; Dissolve in a compatible solvent before adding; Ensure uniform distribution; Protect children and pets.

• Personal Care Products: Use in nail biting prevention polishes and hand sanitizers; Dosage: 10-50 ppm; Dissolve in the formulation; Ensure uniform distribution; Label appropriately.

• N95 Mask Fit Testing: Apply to the mask interior; Follow standardized fit test protocols; Use at recommended concentrations; Ensure proper disposal after testing.

• Agriculture: Use as seed coating and rodent deterrent; Dosage: 10-50 ppm; Apply as a coating or spray; Protect seeds from birds and rodents.

• Handling: Use in well-ventilated areas; Avoid dust formation; Use dust masks (N95/FFP2) when handling powder; Use gloves and safety goggles; Avoid contact with eyes and skin; Handle with extreme care to avoid contamination.

• Personal Protective Equipment: Dust mask (N95/FFP2) if dust is generated, safety goggles, chemical-resistant gloves, protective clothing.

• Hygiene: Wash hands thoroughly after handling; Do not eat, drink, or smoke while using; Remove contaminated clothing and wash before reuse; Avoid cross-contamination with food products.

• Storage: Store in tightly closed, moisture-proof containers; Store in cool, dry, well-ventilated area; Protect from moisture and heat; Opened containers must be resealed immediately; Shelf life: 36-60 months under proper conditions.

• Spill Management: Sweep or vacuum (HEPA) and place in suitable sealed container; Avoid dust formation; Do not allow entry into drains or waterways; Clean spill area thoroughly to avoid contamination.

• Disposal: Dispose of in accordance with local, regional, and national regulations; Non-hazardous waste; Can be incinerated in compliance with regulations.

DETECTION METHODS:

DENATONIUM BENZOATE vs ALTERNATIVES COMPARISON:

LEGAL DISCLAIMER:
The information provided in this document is based on our current knowledge and experience and is presented in good faith. However, as all conditions of use are beyond our control, it does not constitute a binding specification or warranty. This Technical Data Sheet is for informational purposes only. Users are responsible for testing the suitability for their own applications and for complying with all local, regional, and national regulations. For complete safety, storage, use, handling, waste, and regulatory compliance information, please refer to the official Safety Data Sheet (SDS/MSDS) provided by the manufacturer/supplier. Denatonium benzoate is an extremely bitter substance; handle with extreme care to avoid contamination of food, beverages, and personal care products.