Adipic Acid, Hexanedioic Acid, E355, 124-04-9

Adipic Acid, Hexanedioic Acid, E355, 124-04-9

ADIPIC ACID

PRODUCT IDENTIFICATION INFORMATION

CHEMICAL STRUCTURE

Adipic Acid Structure:

        O               O
        ||              ||
    HO—C—(CH₂)₄—C—OH

Structure Description:

• Dicarboxylic acid with six carbon atoms.

• The most important dicarboxylic acid by production volume.

• White crystalline solid.

• Slightly tart (sour) taste.

• Rarely found in nature.

• Typically found exogenously in urine and blood.

SECTION 1: CHEMICAL IDENTITY AND DESCRIPTION

SECTION 2: PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

SECTION 3: ADIPIC ACID vs OTHER DICARBOXYLIC ACIDS

SECTION 4: MECHANISM OF ACTION

SECTION 5: PRODUCTION PROCESS

Industrial Production Method:

Process Flow:
Cyclohexane / Cyclohexanol / Cyclohexanone → Air / Nitric Acid Oxidation → Adipic Acid → Crystallization → Purification → Drying → Final Product

Step-by-Step Description:

1. Raw Material: Cyclohexane is the primary raw material (cyclohexanol and cyclohexanone can also be used).

2. Oxidation: Cyclohexane is oxidized with air or nitric acid (HNO₃) to form adipic acid.

3. Crystallization: Crude adipic acid is crystallized from the reaction mixture.

4. Purification: Crystals are purified to remove impurities and by-products (e.g., glutaric acid, succinic acid).

5. Drying: Purified product is dried to achieve the desired moisture content.

6. Final Product: White crystalline powder is obtained.

Note: Nearly all global production is based on cyclohexane. However, due to rising petroleum prices and demand for green products, bio-based production research is accelerating. Fermentation-based methods using sugar-based raw materials, aromatic compounds, and fatty acid sources are being investigated.

SECTION 6: FUNCTIONAL PROPERTIES

SECTION 7: MAIN APPLICATION AREAS

SECTION 8: SAMPLE FORMULATIONS

Food Grade pH Regulator (Jelly/ Jam):

Instructions: Dissolve adipic acid in water; Add with other ingredients; Heat to dissolve; Adjust pH to desired level; Fill into containers and seal.

Effervescent Tablet Formulation:

Instructions: Blend all ingredients; Compress into tablets; Package in moisture-proof containers.

SECTION 9: QUALITY SPECIFICATIONS

SECTION 10: TOXICOLOGICAL PROFILE

SECTION 11: GHS CLASSIFICATION AND LABELING

GHS Classification (in accordance with CLP and UN GHS):

Signal Word: WARNING

Hazard Pictograms: GHS07 (Exclamation Mark)

Hazard Statements (H-Codes):

NFPA 704 Hazard Classification:

SECTION 12: PRECAUTIONARY STATEMENTS (P-CODES)

SECTION 13: FIRST AID MEASURES

SECTION 14: FIREFIGHTING MEASURES

SECTION 15: STORAGE AND SHELF LIFE

SECTION 16: PACKAGING OPTIONS

SECTION 17: TRANSPORT INFORMATION

SECTION 18: REGULATORY STATUS

SECTION 19: OTHER NAMES AND SYNONYMS

SECTION 20: SUMMARY TABLE

SECTION 21: CRITICAL WARNINGS AND BEST PRACTICES

CRITICAL WARNINGS:

• GRAS Status: FDA GRAS (21 CFR 184.1009); EFSA approved (E355); Safe for food, pharmaceutical, and industrial use.

• Low Toxicity: LD50 > 5,000 mg/kg; Non-toxic at normal use levels.

• Mild Irritant: Causes skin and eye irritation (H315, H319); May cause respiratory irritation (H335).

• Hygroscopic: Absorbs moisture from air; Store in tightly closed containers.

• Non-Flammable: Stable and non-combustible.

• Tart Taste: Used as acidulant in food and beverages.

• Essential for Nylon: Key monomer for nylon 6,6 production; One of the most important dicarboxylic acids industrially.

• Vegan: Synthetic/petrochemical source; Suitable for vegan applications.

• Bio-Based Research: Renewable production research is accelerating (fermentation-based methods).

BEST PRACTICE RECOMMENDATIONS:

• Food Industry: Use as acidulant and pH regulator; Jellies, jams, dietary products, effervescent tablets; Dosage: 0.5-2.0%; Dissolve in water before use; Adjust pH to desired level.

• Polymer Industry: Use as monomer for nylon 6,6 and polyester production; React with hexamethylenediamine; Use in polymerization reactions; Maintain high purity for polymer-grade applications.

• Industrial Applications: Use as corrosion and scale inhibitor; Boiler water and cooling water treatment; Dosage: 10-100 ppm; Monitor pH and concentration.

• Flue Gas Desulfurization: Use in thermal power plants; Enhances SO₂ absorption; Improves environmental compliance.

• Handling: Use in well-ventilated areas; Avoid dust formation; Use dust masks (N95/FFP2) when handling powder; Use gloves and safety goggles; Avoid contact with eyes and skin.

• Personal Protective Equipment: Dust mask (N95/FFP2) if dust is generated, safety goggles, chemical-resistant gloves, protective clothing.

• Hygiene: Wash hands thoroughly after handling; Do not eat, drink, or smoke while using; Remove contaminated clothing and wash before reuse.

• Storage: Store in tightly closed, moisture-proof containers; Store in cool, dry, well-ventilated area; Protect from moisture and heat; Opened containers must be resealed immediately; Shelf life: 24-48 months under proper conditions.

• Spill Management: Sweep or vacuum (HEPA) and place in suitable sealed container; Avoid dust formation; Do not allow entry into drains or waterways.

• Disposal: Dispose of in accordance with local, regional, and national regulations; Non-hazardous waste; Can be incinerated in compliance with regulations.

DETECTION METHODS:

ADIPIC ACID vs ALTERNATIVES COMPARISON:

LEGAL DISCLAIMER:
The information provided in this document is based on our current knowledge and experience and is presented in good faith. However, as all conditions of use are beyond our control, it does not constitute a binding specification or warranty. This Technical Data Sheet is for informational purposes only. Users are responsible for testing the suitability for their own applications and for complying with all local, regional, and national regulations. For complete safety, storage, use, handling, waste, and regulatory compliance information, please refer to the official Safety Data Sheet (SDS/MSDS) provided by the manufacturer/supplier.