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Send EmailInositol, Myo-Inositol, D-Chiro-Inositol, Vitamin B8, Cyclohexanehexol, Meso-Inositol, Dambose, Meat Sugar, 87-89-8
MYO-INOSITOL and D-CHIRO-INOSITOL
PART 1: MYO-INOSITOL
ITEM 1: Chemical Identity and Definition
| Parameter | Information |
|---|---|
| Chemical Name | Myo-Inositol |
| CAS Number | 87-89-8 |
| Molecular Formula | C₆H₁₂O₆ |
| Molecular Weight | 180.16 g/mol |
| Other Names | Inositol, Vitamin B8, Cyclohexanehexol, Meso-Inositol, Dambose, Meat Sugar |
| Body Abundance | ~99% (of total inositol) |
| Optical Activity | Optically inactive (meso form) |
| Appearance | White crystalline powder |
| Odor | Odorless |
| Taste | Sweetish |
| Solubility | High water solubility (~140 g/L) |
| Melting Point | 224 – 228 °C |
| pH (Aqueous Solution) | ~5.0 – 7.0 (neutral) |
| Chemical Class | Sugar alcohol (cyclitol) |
ITEM 2: Biosynthesis in the Body
| Step | Description |
|---|---|
| 1. Precursor | Glucose-6-phosphate |
| 2. Enzyme | MIPS1 (myo-inositol-3-phosphate synthase) |
| 3. Intermediate | Myo-inositol-3-phosphate |
| 4. Final Step | IMPase (inositol monophosphatase) dephosphorylation |
| 5. Daily Synthesis | Approximately 4 g/day (endogenous) |
| 6. Dietary Intake | Approximately 1 g/day (from food) |
| 7. Total Production | Approximately 5 g/day |
ITEM 3: Natural Sources
| Source | Content (mg/100g) |
|---|---|
| Wheat Bran | 1200 – 1800 |
| Oats | 150 – 250 |
| Corn | 120 – 150 |
| Rice | 80 – 120 |
| Chickpeas | 80 – 100 |
| Beans | 80 – 120 |
| Peas | 70 – 100 |
| Oranges | 80 – 120 |
| Melon | 60 – 80 |
| Bananas | 40 – 60 |
| Spinach | 30 – 50 |
| Potatoes | 20 – 40 |
| Liver | 50 – 100 |
| Kidney | 40 – 80 |
| Eggs | 10 – 20 |
ITEM 4: Key Functions in the Body
| Function | Mechanism | Importance |
|---|---|---|
| Cell Signaling | Acts as second messenger (IP3/DAG pathway) | Critical for FSH, TSH, and insulin signaling |
| Neurotransmitter Balance | Modulates serotonin, dopamine, and GABA | Mood, anxiety, depression regulation |
| FSH Signaling | Granulosa cell proliferation | Oocyte quality and maturation |
| Insulin Sensitivity | GLUT4 translocation | Increases cellular glucose uptake |
| Carbohydrate Metabolism | Transporter activation | Glucose utilization, blood sugar reduction |
| Cell Membrane Integrity | Phosphatidylinositol synthesis | Membrane stability |
| Lipid Metabolism | Lipid transport | Triglyceride level regulation |
| Osmotic Balance | Intracellular osmotic regulation | Cell protection in hypertonic environments |
| DNA Methylation | Epigenetic regulation | Chromatin remodeling |
| Enzyme Cofactor | Cofactor for certain enzymes | Metabolic reactions |
ITEM 5: Health Benefits
| Benefit | Description | Evidence Level |
|---|---|---|
| PCOS Support | Regulates ovarian function, normalizes menstrual cycle | Strong clinical evidence |
| Anxiety Reduction | Increases serotonin receptor sensitivity | Clinical studies |
| Depression Support | Improves neurotransmitter balance | Clinical studies |
| OCD Management | Acts through GABAergic system | Clinical studies |
| Metabolic Syndrome | BMI reduction, triglyceride decrease | Meta-analysis |
| Fertility | Supports egg quality and embryo development | Clinical studies |
| Ovulation | Regulates menstrual cycle | Meta-analysis |
| Insulin Resistance | Lowers blood sugar levels | Clinical studies |
| Heart Health | Reduces triglyceride levels | Clinical studies |
| Polycystic Ovary | Improves clinical and hormonal parameters | Randomized controlled trials |
ITEM 6: Applications
| Sector | Use | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Dietary Supplements | PCOS, mental health, metabolic support | Wide application |
| Cosmetics | Moisturizer, skin barrier support | In formulations |
| Detergent | Surfactant auxiliary | Industrial use |
| Food | Sweetener, health food | Limited use |
| Pharmaceutical | Excipient | In formulations |
ITEM 7: Recommended Dosages
| Application | Myo-Inositol Dosage |
|---|---|
| PCOS (Standalone) | 2 – 4 g/day |
| PCOS (Combination) | 2 – 4 g/day |
| Metabolic Syndrome | 1 – 2 g/day |
| Anxiety/Depression | 2 – 6 g/day |
| OCD | 2 – 6 g/day |
| Panic Disorder | 2 – 6 g/day |
| Gestational Diabetes | 2 – 4 g/day |
ITEM 8: Safety and Toxicity
| Parameter | Information |
|---|---|
| Toxicity | Very low |
| Oral LD50 (Rat) | >10,000 mg/kg |
| Side Effects | Mild GI discomfort at high doses |
| Nausea | Rare, at high doses |
| Headache | Rare |
| Dizziness | Rare |
| Drug Interactions | Caution with diabetes medications |
| Pregnancy | Safe (under medical supervision) |
| Breastfeeding | Safe (under medical supervision) |
| Upper Tolerable Limit | Not established |
ITEM 9: Deficiency Symptoms
| Symptom | Description |
|---|---|
| Anxiety | Increased anxiety levels |
| Depression | Mood disorders |
| OCD Symptoms | Increased obsessions and compulsions |
| Insulin Resistance | Blood sugar dysregulation |
| Metabolic Issues | Weight gain, high triglycerides |
| Fertility Issues | Ovulation irregularities |
| PCOS | Irregular menstruation, hirsutism |
ITEM 10: Storage
| Parameter | Information |
|---|---|
| Storage Temperature | 15-25°C (cool) |
| Moisture Sensitivity | Low |
| Light Sensitivity | Moderate |
| Container Requirement | Tightly closed |
| Shelf Life | 24-36 months |
| Hygroscopicity | Low |
PART 2: D-CHIRO-INOSITOL
ITEM 11: Chemical Identity and Definition
| Parameter | Information |
|---|---|
| Chemical Name | D-Chiro-Inositol |
| CAS Number | 87-89-8 |
| Molecular Formula | C₆H₁₂O₆ |
| Molecular Weight | 180.16 g/mol |
| Body Abundance | ~1% (of total inositol) |
| Optical Activity | Optically active (D-form) |
| Conversion Source | From myo-inositol via epimerase |
| Appearance | White crystalline powder |
| Odor | Odorless |
| Solubility | Soluble in water |
| Melting Point | 224 – 226 °C |
ITEM 12: Biosynthesis in the Body
| Step | Description |
|---|---|
| 1. Source | Myo-Inositol |
| 2. Enzyme | Insulin-stimulated epimerase |
| 3. Conversion | Myo-inositol → D-chiro-inositol |
| 4. Tissue Specificity | Each tissue maintains its own MI/DCI ratio |
| 5. Enzyme Activation | Proportionate to insulin levels |
| 6. One-Way Conversion | Only Myo → DCI, not reversible |
ITEM 13: Key Functions in the Body
| Function | Mechanism | Importance |
|---|---|---|
| Glycogen Synthesis | Glycogen synthase activation | Glycogen storage in liver and muscle |
| Insulin Signaling | IRS2, PI3K, AKT upregulation | Strengthening insulin signaling pathways |
| GLUT4 Mobilization | Glucose gradient formation | Increased cellular glucose uptake |
| Androgen Synthesis | Theca cell testosterone production | Androgen synthesis in ovaries |
| Aromatase Inhibition | Aromatase enzyme transcription suppression | Decreased estrogen synthesis |
| Adipose Tissue Conversion | White/brown adipose tissue transdifferentiation | Metabolic health |
| Hepatic Metabolism | Liver glucose metabolism | Blood sugar regulation |
| Muscle Metabolism | Energy metabolism in muscle cells | Physical performance |
ITEM 14: Health Benefits
| Benefit | Description | Evidence Level |
|---|---|---|
| Insulin Sensitivity | Strengthens insulin signaling | Well understood |
| PCOS Support | Regulates androgen levels | Clinical studies |
| Glycogen Storage | Increases glycogen storage in liver and muscle | Biochemical evidence |
| Metabolic Balance | Contributes to glucose metabolism | Promising |
| Obesity | Regulates adipose tissue metabolism | Preclinical |
| Liver Health | May reduce liver fat accumulation | Promising |
| Muscle Performance | Increases muscle glycogen stores | Early stage |
ITEM 15: Important Warnings and Risks
| Warning | Description |
|---|---|
| Ovarian Paradox | In PCOS, ovarian epimerase activity increases, MI → DCI conversion increases |
| MI Deficiency | Excessive DCI conversion leads to MI depletion in ovaries |
| High Dose Risk | Doses >1000 mg/day may adversely affect ovarian function |
| Testosterone Increase | High doses may increase testosterone levels |
| Physiological Ratio | Physiological MI:DCI ratio is 40:1, must be maintained |
| Combination Required | DCI alone is not recommended |
ITEM 16: Recommended Dosages
| Application | D-Chiro-Inositol Dosage |
|---|---|
| PCOS (Standalone) | 100 – 200 mg/day |
| PCOS (Combination) | 100 – 200 mg/day |
| Metabolic Syndrome | 50 – 150 mg/day |
| Insulin Resistance | 50 – 150 mg/day |
| Obesity | 50 – 100 mg/day |
ITEM 17: Safety and Toxicity
| Parameter | Information |
|---|---|
| Toxicity | Very low |
| Oral LD50 (Rat) | >10,000 mg/kg |
| Side Effects | Generally well tolerated |
| Pregnancy | Safe (under medical supervision) |
| Breastfeeding | Safe (under medical supervision) |
| Drug Interactions | Caution with diabetes medications |
| Upper Tolerable Limit | Not established |
PART 3: MYO-INOSITOL vs D-CHIRO-INOSITOL – COMPARISON
ITEM 18: Key Differences
| Feature | Myo-Inositol | D-Chiro-Inositol |
|---|---|---|
| CAS Number | 87-89-8 | 87-89-8 |
| Molecular Formula | C₆H₁₂O₆ | C₆H₁₂O₆ |
| Molecular Weight | 180.16 g/mol | 180.16 g/mol |
| Optical Activity | Optically inactive (meso) | Optically active (D-form) |
| Body Abundance | ~99% | ~1% |
| Primary Role | Cell signaling, neurotransmitter | Insulin signaling, glycogen |
| Target Organs | Brain, ovaries, kidney | Liver, muscle, ovaries |
| Primary Mechanism | Second messenger, neurotransmitter | Insulin receptor signaling |
| FSH Effect | Direct and strong | Indirect |
| Insulin Effect | As second messenger | As second messenger |
| Androgen Effect | Indirect | Directly affects synthesis |
| Aromatase Effect | Inactive | Aromatase inhibitor |
| Typical Dosage | 2 – 18 g/day | 50 – 200 mg/day |
| Combination Ratio | 40 parts | 1 part |
| Natural Sources | Rich | Very limited |
ITEM 19: Tissue-Specific Distribution
| Tissue | Myo Ratio | D-Chiro Ratio |
|---|---|---|
| Brain | 99.5% | 0.5% |
| Heart | 99.5% | 0.5% |
| Blood | 97% | 3% |
| Kidney | 98% | 2% |
| Muscle | 74% | 26% |
| Liver | 70% | 30% |
| Adipose Tissue | 65% | 35% |
| Follicular Fluid | 99.02% | 0.98% |
ITEM 20: Different Roles in PCOS
| Parameter | Myo-Inositol | D-Chiro-Inositol |
|---|---|---|
| Ovarian Role | Supports FSH signaling, improves oocyte quality | Regulates androgen synthesis |
| Healthy Women | Ovarian MI:DCI = 95:5 | Ovarian MI:DCI = 95:5 |
| PCOS Women | Ovarian MI depleted (deficiency) | Ovarian DCI increased (excess) |
| Deficiency Effect | FSH signaling impaired, oocyte quality reduced | Insulin signaling impaired |
| Excess Effect | - | Aromatase inhibition, estrogen/androgen imbalance |
| Treatment Approach | MI supplementation for ovarian support | Combination (40:1) for balance |
ITEM 21: Combination Use (40:1 Ratio)
| Feature | Description |
|---|---|
| Optimal Ratio | 40:1 (Myo:DCI) is the physiological ratio in plasma |
| Myo Function | FSH signaling, oocyte quality, neurotransmitter |
| DCI Function | Insulin sensitivity, glycogen synthesis |
| Synergy Mechanism | Different pathways, complementary effects |
| PCOS Outcomes | Increased ovulation rate, improved metabolic parameters |
| Fertility | Oocyte quality + metabolic balance |
| Clinical Recommendation | Combination is more effective than single use |
ITEM 22: Selection Guide – Which Form to Choose?
| Condition | Recommendation | Reason |
|---|---|---|
| Anxiety/Depression/OCD | Myo-Inositol | Neurotransmitter balance |
| PCOS (Mild) | Myo-Inositol | Ovulation support, FSH signaling |
| PCOS (Severe, High Insulin Resistance) | Combination (40:1) | Dual pathway effect |
| Advanced Insulin Resistance | Combination (40:1) | Metabolic + ovarian support |
| Metabolic Support Only | Myo-Inositol | Most abundant and versatile form |
| Obesity + PCOS | Combination (40:1) | Effects on all systems |
| Infertility | Combination (40:1) | Oocyte + metabolic support |
ITEM 23: Synergistic Effect Table
| Effect Area | Myo Alone | DCI Alone | Combination (40:1) |
|---|---|---|---|
| FSH Signaling | ✅ Strong | ❌ Weak | ✅ Strong |
| Insulin Signaling | ✅ Moderate | ✅ Strong | ✅ Very Strong |
| Oocyte Quality | ✅ Strong | ⚠️ Moderate | ✅ Best |
| Androgen Balance | ⚠️ Weak | ✅ Strong | ✅ Best |
| Ovulation Rate | ✅ Strong | ⚠️ Moderate | ✅ Best |
| Metabolic Balance | ✅ Moderate | ✅ Strong | ✅ Very Strong |
| Neurological Effect | ✅ Strong | ❌ Weak | ✅ Moderate |
| Side Effect Risk | ✅ Low | ⚠️ Moderate (high dose) | ✅ Very Low |
SUMMARY TABLE
| Feature | Myo-Inositol | D-Chiro-Inositol |
|---|---|---|
| CAS Number | 87-89-8 | 87-89-8 |
| Primary Role | Cell signaling, neurotransmitter | Insulin signaling, glycogen |
| Main Application | Nervous system, mental health | Metabolic health |
| Key Benefits | Anxiety, depression, OCD, PCOS | PCOS, insulin resistance, obesity |
| Typical Dosage | 2 – 18 g/day | 50 – 200 mg/day |
| Body Abundance | ~99% | ~1% |
| Combination Ratio | 40 parts | 1 part |
IMPORTANT DISCLAIMER: This document is for informational purposes only and does not substitute for medical advice. For any health condition or supplement use, consult a healthcare professional. For complete safety, storage, use, and regulatory compliance information, refer to the official documentation provided by the manufacturer/supplier.
