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Send EmailZinc gluconate, rubozine, Zinegluconate, ZINC GLUCONATE, Gluconic Acid Zinc, 4468-02-4
Zinc gluconate
CAS: 4468-02-4
Molecular Formula: C12H22O14Zn
Names and Identifiers
| Name | Zinc gluconate |
| Synonyms | rubozine Zinegluconate ZINC GLUCONATE Zinc gluconate Gluconic Acid Zinc bis(d-gluconato-o1,o2)-zin bis(d-gluconato-o(1),o(2))-zin bis(d-gluconato-o(sup1),o(sup2))zinc bis(D-gluconato-κO1,κO2)-,(T-4)-Zinc bis(d-gluconato-o(sup1),o(sup2))-zin zinc bis(2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxyhexanoate) (non-preferred name) zinc bis[(2R,3S,4R,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxyhexanoate] (non-preferred name) |
| CAS | 4468-02-4 |
| EINECS | 224-736-9 |
| InChI | InChI=1/2C6H12O7.Zn/c2*7-1-2(8)3(9)4(10)5(11)6(12)13;/h2*2-5,7-11H,1H2,(H,12,13);/q;;+2/p-2/t2*2-,3-,4+,5-;/m11./s1 |
Physico-chemical Properties
| Molecular Formula | C12H22O14Zn |
| Molar Mass | 455.68 |
| Density | 1.44[at 20℃] |
| Melting Point | 172-175 °C |
| Boling Point | 319°C |
| Specific Rotation(α) | +8.0~+11.0° C=1 |
| Flash Point | 375.2°C |
| Water Solubility | Soluble in water 100g/ l. |
| Solubility | Soluble in water, insoluble in ethanol, chloroform and ether. |
| Vapor Presure | 0Pa at 20℃ |
| Appearance | White crystalline powder |
| Color | White to Almost white |
| Merck | 14,4456 |
| Storage Condition | RT, dark |
| Sensitive | Sensitive to light |
| MDL | MFCD00868110 |
| Physical and Chemical Properties | White particles or crystalline powder, the molecule does not contain or contains 3 molecules of crystal water odorless and tasteless. Soluble in water, slightly soluble in ethanol. Female mice oral LD501.93g/kg, male mice oral LD502.99g/kg. |
| Use | Used as zinc Nutrition Fortifier |
Risk and Safety
| RTECS | ZH3750000 |
| TSCA | Yes |
| HS Code | 29181600 |
Nature
White crystalline or granular powder, odorless and tasteless. Soluble in water, slightly soluble in ethanol.
Preparation Method
with glucose as raw material, fermentation with Aspergillus, after separation, purification and zinc oxide or zinc hydroxide neutralization can be. Glucose can also be oxidized by air, then converted into sodium gluconate with sodium hydroxide solution, converted into high purity gluconic acid solution by strong acidic cation exchange resin, and finally prepared by reacting with zinc oxide or zinc hydroxide.
Use
zinc gluconate is an organic zinc supplement, which has little stimulation to gastric mucosa, is easily absorbed by human body, and has high absorption rate and good solubility. Widely used in health care products, medicine and food, has an important role in the intelligence and physical development of infants and adolescents, and the absorption effect is better than that of inorganic zinc. China's provisions can be used for salt, the use of 800 ~ lOOOmg/kg; In dairy products for 230~470mg/kg; In infant food for 195~545mg/kg; it is 160 to 320mg/kg in cereals and products, and 40 to 80mg/kg in drinks and milk drinks.
Reference Information
| LogP | -7.41 at 20℃ |
| introduction | zinc gluconate is a zinc supplement, which is mainly used for growth retardation, malnutrition, anorexia, recurrent oral ulcer, skin acne and other diseases caused by zinc deficiency in infants and pregnant women. |
| pharmacological action | zinc is an important component of many enzymes in the body, which can promote growth and development, improve taste, etc. When lacking, growth arrest, reproductive incompetence, wounds are not easy to heal, body weakness, conjunctivitis, stomatitis, glossitis, lack of appetite, chronic diarrhea, loss of taste, and neurological symptoms can also occur. Zinc is particularly important for children's growth and development. zinc gluconate dissociates into zinc ions and gluconic acid in the body, providing an extremely important trace element zinc for the human body. Zinc gluconate is mainly used to treat children's growth retardation, malnutrition, anorexia, tinea and oral ulcers caused by zinc deficiency, difficulty in healing wounds after wood, and skin diseases such as acne and eczema. In recent years, studies have found that myocardial infarction, hypertension, aplastic anemia, gynecological malignant tumors (pregnant women with pregnancy-induced hypertension syndrome or uterine contraction weakness, liver cirrhosis, liver coma and renal failure, plasma zinc content Significantly reduced, the application of glucose and zinc combined treatment is very beneficial. |
| function | zinc gluconate (zinc Gluconate) is a zinc salt of gluconate, which is considered as an antiviral ingredient or cosmetic fungicide and is most commonly used in cosmetics and personal care products to treat acne. 1. Promote the growth and development of the human body: if children and adolescents in the growth and development period lack zinc, it will lead to dysplasia and imbalance of intestinal flora. When the deficiency is severe, it will lead to "dwarfism" and mental retardation. 2. Maintain normal appetite: zinc deficiency will lead to decreased taste, anorexia, partial eclipse and even different food, intestinal flora imbalance. 3. Enhance human immunity: Zinc is a nutrient for the development of the immune organ thymus. Only sufficient zinc can effectively ensure the development of the thymus, differentiate T lymphocytes normally, and promote cellular immune function. 4. Promote wound and wound healing: Zinc supplements were first used clinically to treat skin diseases. 5. Affect vitamin A metabolism and normal vision: Zinc is clinically beneficial to the eyes, because zinc has the effect of promoting vitamin A absorption. Vitamin A cannot be absorbed without zinc. Vitamin A is usually stored in the liver. When the human body needs it, vitamin A is transported to the blood. This process relies on zinc to complete the "mobilization" work. |
| deficiency | when zinc deficiency is serious, zinc deficiency is prone to occur, which is a phenomenon of low zinc content in the body caused by zinc intake, metabolism or excretion disorders. various symptoms caused by deficiency due to the body's inability to provide sufficient zinc elements. Therefore, it is very important to supplement zinc. |
| safety/side effects | the cosmetic database considers zinc gluconate to be at moderate risk because it is related to developmental and reproductive toxicity, allergic reactions and organ system toxicity. One or more animal experiments have shown that it has a wide range of systemic effects at low doses. Canada's domestic material environment list classifies it as "possibly toxic or harmful". The FDA issued a warning related to zinc. The reason why it is related is that Zicam contains zinc. Zicam is a drug that can cause allergies because it can cause loss of smell. FDA "warns consumers to stop using or throw away three Zicam nasal sprays containing zinc. These products may cause loss of smell... The FDA is concerned that this loss of smell is permanent." However, the FDA stated that "this warning does not involve oral zinc-containing tablets and throat lozenges, and dietary zinc is not included in this warning." (Wikipedia) |
| organic zinc supplement | zinc can activate a variety of important antioxidant enzymes, thus eliminating the damage of oxygen free radicals, maintaining the normal permeability of cell membrane, and protecting the normal biochemical composition, metabolic structure and function of cell membrane. Zinc can not only induce the activation of T lymphocytes, but also activate B lymphocytes. Zinc also participates in the formation and release of antibodies, and stimulates immune cells to secrete a variety of cytokines. Zinc deficiency in the elderly can cause immune dysfunction; zinc can affect the synthesis, secretion, storage, degradation and biological activity of insulin, and is a major trace element that directly affects insulin physiology. Zinc can improve the body's sensitivity to insulin. Zinc gluconate is an organic zinc supplement with less side effects and better absorption than zinc sulfate. It has certain curative effect on growth retardation, malnutrition, anorexia, recurrent oral ulcer, acne, senile zinc deficiency and immune dysfunction caused by zinc deficiency. Oral absorption is mainly in the small intestine, 1h to peak, about 2h after the beginning of decline. Widely distributed in the body in the liver, intestines, spleen, pancreas, heart, kidney, lungs, muscles, central nervous system and bones. It is mainly excreted by feces, and a small amount is excreted by urine and milk. Its bioavailability is about 1.6 times that of zinc sulfate. This product can be used to delay aging, enhance immune response, and treat non-insulin dependent diabetes. Oral administration is calculated as elemental zinc, 10~25mg each time, twice a day, after meals. Adverse reactions after taking mainly include stomach discomfort, nausea, vomiting, etc. Zinc gluconate should not be taken on an empty stomach and should not be taken in excess. Overdose can affect iron absorption. |
| identification test | zinc test (IT-33) of 10% sample solution was positive. Take 5ml of 10% warm sample solution, add 0.7ml of glacial acetic acid and 1ml of newly distilled phenylhydrazine, heat in a steam bath for 30min, and cool. Scrape the inner wall of the container with a glass rod. Phenylhydrazine gluconate crystals should be formed. |
| content analysis | accurately weigh the sample about 700mg, dissolve it in 100ml of water (can be heated if necessary), add 5ml of ammonia-ammonium chloride buffer solution (TS-12) and 0.1m1 wool chrome black test solution (TS-97). Titration with 0.05mol/L of EDTA disodium until the solution was blue. 0.05mol/L of disodium EDTA per mL is equivalent to 22.78mg of zinc gluconate (C12H22O14Zn). |
| toxicity | GRAS(FDA,§ 182.8988,2000). LD50 3.06 g/kg (mouse, oral). |
| usage limit | GB 14880-94(mg/kg): dairy products 230~470; Infant food 195~545; Cereals and their products and beverages 80~160; Salt 500. FDA,§ 182.5988(2000): GMP limited. GB 2760-2000: soft drink 21.0~56 mg/kg; Milk powder for children and children over one year old, 0.05~1.175 g/kg (all calculated by Zn). According to Japanese regulations, it is allowed to be used as a milk substitute, and the zinc content of a milk substitute drink with a standard tempering milk concentration per liter shall not exceed 6mg. |
| use | zinc gluconate is a good nutritional zinc fortifier, which plays an important role in the intellectual and physical development of infants and adolescents, and the absorption effect is better than inorganic zinc. China stipulates that the amount of salt available for use is 800-100mg/kg; 230-470mg/kg in dairy products and dairy products; 195-545mg/kg in infant food; 160-320mg/kg in cereals and their products; 40-80mg/kg in beverages and milk beverages. Nutritional supplement (zinc fortifier). Zinc gluconate is a good nutritional zinc fortifier, which plays an important role in the intellectual and physical development of infants and adolescents, and the absorption effect is better than inorganic zinc. Our country stipulates that it can be used for salt, and the usage amount is 800~1000 mg/kg; 230~470 mg/kg in dairy products; 195~545 mg/kg in infant food; 160~320 mg/kg in cereals and their products; 40~80 mg/kg in beverages and milk beverages. used as zinc nutrition fortifier this product is a good nutrition fortifier, can improve human immunity, improve taste and appetite, and can improve sexual function, has obvious promotion effect on the growth and development of infants and young people, and is one of the indispensable trace elements of human body. |
| production method | there are many synthetic routes of zinc gluconate, and the more reasonable ones are fermentation method, air catalytic oxidation method and indirect synthesis method of calcium gluconate. The fermentation method uses glucose as raw material and uses Aspergillus to ferment (oxidize) to gluconic acid. After separation and purification, it is neutralized with zinc oxide or zinc hydroxide to prepare zinc gluconate. C6H12O6 + O2 [Aspergillus niger] → C6H11O6OH[ZnO] →(C6H11O6O)2Zn + H2O This method is mainly used at home and abroad, with simple reaction, easy to obtain raw materials and low cost, but the technical requirements of fermentation process are high. Air catalytic oxidation method In the presence of a catalyst, glucose is oxidized by air to produce gluconic acid; then sodium hydroxide solution is added dropwise until the Ph value is 9.0~10.0, and it is converted into sodium gluconate. After filtering and separating the catalyst, sodium gluconate The solution is converted into a high-purity gluconic acid solution by a strong acidic cation exchange resin; finally it reacts with zinc oxide or zinc hydroxide to produce zinc gluconate, which is concentrated, crystallized, and recrystallized to obtain the product with a yield of more than 80%. C6H12O6 + O2 [catalyst] → C6H11O6OH[NaOH] → C6H11O6ONa + H2OC6H11O6Ona[R-H] → C6H11O6OH[ZnO] →(C6H11O6O)2Zn + H2O This method is easy to obtain raw materials, low cost and good product quality. Indirect synthesis of calcium gluconate calcium gluconate is acidified by sulfuric acid, and calcium sulfate is filtered out to precipitate to obtain gluconic acid solution. After purification by ion exchange resin, it reacts with zinc oxide or zinc hydroxide to obtain zinc gluconate; filtered, Crystallized and dried to obtain the finished product. (C6H11O6O)2Ca[H2SO4] → C6H11O6OH[ZnO] →(C6H11O6O)2Zn + H2O Add 27mL(0.5 mo1) concentrated sulfuric acid to 500mL of water, add 224g(0.5 mo1) calcium gluconate in batches, and react at 90 ℃ for 1.5h; Filtration of calcium sulfate precipitate to obtain light yellow liquid. After cooling, flow through an exchange column equipped with the same amount of anion and cation exchange resins at a flow rate equivalent to the volume of the resin per minute to obtain a colorless transparent gluconic acid solution with a relative density of 1.10~1.12, 20% content and 95% yield. Take 0.1mol gluconic acid solution, add 4.1g(0.05 mo1) zinc oxide in batches, and react at 60 ℃ for 2 hours. At the same time, gluconic acid solution is added dropwise to Ph = 5.8, then concentrated to 1/3 of the original volume, 10mL of 95% ethanol is added and placed for 8 hours. After crystallization, separation and vacuum drying, 21.8g of product was obtained with 96% yield and 99.3% purity. It is prepared by the reaction of zinc oxide neutralizing gluconic acid. there are many synthetic routes of zinc gluconate, which are more reasonable fermentation method, air catalytic oxidation method and indirect synthesis method of calcium gluconate. (1) Fermentation. Using glucose as raw material, it is fermented (oxidized) to gluconic acid by Aspergillus. Zinc gluconate was prepared by neutralization with zinc oxide or zinc hydroxide after separation and commission. This method is mainly used at home and abroad, with simple reaction, easy to obtain raw materials and low cost, but the technical requirements of fermentation process are high. (2) Air catalytic oxidation. In the presence of a catalyst, glucose is oxidized by air to form gluconic acid; then sodium hydroxide solution is added dropwise to the pH of 9.0-10.0 to convert it into sodium gluconate. After filtering and separating the catalyst, the sodium gluconate solution is strongly acidic The cation exchange resin is converted into a high-purity gluconic acid solution; finally it reacts with zinc oxide or zinc hydroxide to form zinc gluconate, which is concentrated, crystallized, and recrystallized to obtain the product with a yield of more than 80%. The method is easy to obtain raw materials and low cost. Good product quality. (3) indirect synthesis of calcium gluconate. After calcium gluconate is acidified by sulfuric acid, calcium sulfate is filtered out to precipitate gluconic acid solution, which is purified by ion exchange resin and reacts with zinc oxide or zinc hydroxide to obtain zinc gluconate; the finished product is obtained by filtration, crystallization and drying. 27mL(0.5mol) concentrated sulfuric acid was added into 500mL of water, 224g(0.5mol) calcium gluconate was added in batches, and the reaction was carried out at 90 ℃ for 1.5h. Calcium sulfate precipitate was filtered to obtain light yellow liquid. After cooling, flow through an exchange column equipped with the same amount of anion and cation exchange resins at a flow rate equivalent to the volume of the resin per minute to obtain a colorless transparent gluconic acid solution with a relative density of 1.10-1.12, 20% content and 95% yield. Remove 0.1mol of gluconic acid solution, add 4.1g(0.5mol) of zinc oxide in batches, and react at 60 ℃ for 2 hours. At the same time, gluconic acid solution is added dropwise to PH = 5.8, then concentrated to 1/3 of the original volume, 10mL of 95% ethanol is added, and placed for 8 hours. After crystallization, separation and vacuum drying, 21.8g of product is obtained with 96% yield and 99.3% purity. |
