Benzyl Paraben, Benzyl 4-hydroxybenzoate, Benzylparaben, 94-18-8

Benzyl Paraben, Benzyl 4-hydroxybenzoate, Benzylparaben, 94-18-8

BENZYL PARABEN - BENZİL PARABEN
Benzyl 4-Hydroxybenzoate - Benzyl 4-hydroxybenzoate
CAS: 94-18-8

ITEM 1: PRODUCT IDENTITY AND NOMENCLATURE

Description: Benzyl Paraben is a member of the paraben family of preservatives. It is the benzyl ester of 4-hydroxybenzoic acid (para-hydroxybenzoic acid). It is a white to off-white crystalline powder with a high melting point. Benzyl paraben is used as a preservative in cosmetic, pharmaceutical, and industrial applications due to its broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity. It also functions as a fragrance fixative in perfumes, helping to extend the longevity of volatile fragrance components. Due to regulatory restrictions in some regions (particularly the EU), its use in cosmetic products is limited.

ITEM 2: CHEMICAL STRUCTURE AND MOLECULAR PROPERTIES

Structural Formula:

text

        O
        ||
    C - O - CH₂ - C₆H₅
   / \
  /   \
  \   /
   \ /
    C - OH
    |
    (Aromatic Ring)

Description: Benzyl Paraben is an ester formed by the reaction of 4-hydroxybenzoic acid (para-hydroxybenzoic acid) with benzyl alcohol. The molecule contains an ester group (-COO-), a hydroxyl group (-OH), and two aromatic rings. The presence of the benzyl group provides increased lipophilicity compared to shorter-chain parabens, enhancing solubility in organic solvents and compatibility with oil-based formulations. The hydroxyl group contributes to its weak acidic nature (pKa 8.15).

ITEM 3: PHYSICAL APPEARANCE AND FORM

Description: Benzyl Paraben is a white to off-white crystalline powder with a slight characteristic odor. It is supplied as a free-flowing powder with high purity. The product contains no visible impurities or foreign matter. Its crystalline form is needle-like or prismatic.

ITEM 4: PHYSICAL PROPERTIES

Description: Benzyl Paraben has a melting point of 109-112°C and remains a solid at room temperature. Its density is approximately 1.18 g/cm³. The flash point is 167°C, indicating moderate flammability. The vapor pressure is 0 Pa at 25°C, indicating it is non-volatile. Its pKa value of 8.15 indicates weak acidic character.

ITEM 5: SOLUBILITY AND MISCIBILITY

Description: Benzyl Paraben has very low solubility in water (92 mg/L at 25°C) but is readily soluble in most organic solvents including ethanol, methanol, isopropanol, acetone, ethyl acetate, and chloroform. It is partially soluble in propylene glycol and very slightly soluble in glycerin. Its solubility in oils increases with temperature. This solubility profile makes it suitable for oil-based and emulsion formulations.

ITEM 6: PURITY AND ANALYTICAL SPECIFICATIONS

Description: Benzyl Paraben is supplied in high purity (≥99.0%). Low loss on drying and sulfated ash content indicate high quality and low impurities. Heavy metal content is strictly controlled to ensure safety for pharmaceutical and cosmetic applications. Related substances are monitored to ensure product purity.

ITEM 7: ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY

Mechanism of Action:

Description: Benzyl Paraben exhibits broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity against bacteria, yeasts, and molds. It is generally more effective against Gram-positive bacteria than Gram-negative bacteria. Its activity is pH-dependent, with higher efficacy at acidic pH values. The mechanism of action involves disruption of microbial cell membranes and inhibition of transport processes.

ITEM 8: COSMETIC APPLICATIONS

Usage Levels:

Regulatory Status:

Description: In cosmetics, Benzyl Paraben is used as a preservative to prevent microbial growth and extend product shelf life. It also functions as a fragrance fixative in perfumes. However, its use in cosmetic products is restricted or banned in many regions. In the European Union and Turkey, it is prohibited in cosmetic products. In the USA, it is permitted within specified limits (typically 0.1-0.4% for single paraben use). Due to consumer concerns and "paraben-free" trends, its use is declining globally.

ITEM 9: PHARMACEUTICAL APPLICATIONS

Usage Levels:

Description: In pharmaceutical applications, Benzyl Paraben is used as a preservative in topical creams, ointments, oral liquids, and tablet coatings. It is recognized in pharmacopoeia standards (USP/EP) and is used as a reference standard in analytical testing. Its use in pharmaceuticals is generally permitted in many countries, subject to specified limits.

ITEM 10: FOOD APPLICATIONS

Description: In the food industry, Benzyl Paraben is used as a preservative in processed foods, sauces, baked goods, beverages, and confectionery products. However, its use as a food additive is heavily regulated and varies by region. In many countries, its use has declined due to consumer concerns and regulatory restrictions.

ITEM 11: INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS

Description: In industrial applications, Benzyl Paraben is used as a reference standard in analytical laboratories, as a preservative in textile processing, coatings, adhesives, and paints. Its industrial use is subject to fewer restrictions compared to cosmetic and food applications.

ITEM 12: SECTOR COMPATIBILITY MATRIX

ITEM 13: COMPARISON WITH OTHER PARABENS

Description: Benzyl Paraben differs from other parabens in having a benzyl group instead of a straight-chain alkyl group. This provides increased lipophilicity and oil solubility compared to shorter-chain parabens. However, its regulatory status differs significantly—it is banned in the EU and Turkey, while methyl, ethyl, propyl, and butyl parabens remain permitted at specified concentrations.

ITEM 14: REGULATORY STATUS

Key Regulatory Limits:

Description: Benzyl Paraben is banned in cosmetic products in the European Union and Turkey. In the USA, it is permitted within specified limits (0.1% for single use, 0.8% for mixed paraben systems). Its regulatory status varies by region and application. Pharmaceutical and food applications are subject to separate regulations.

ITEM 15: SAFETY AND TOXICOLOGICAL PROFILE

Precautions:

Description: Benzyl Paraben has moderate acute oral toxicity (LD50 ~2,000-3,000 mg/kg). It may cause skin and eye irritation and has potential skin sensitization. As a member of the paraben family, it has been studied for potential endocrine-disrupting effects, though its estrogenic activity is considered weak compared to other parabens. Allergic reactions are possible in sensitive individuals.

ITEM 16: HANDLING AND PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT (PPE)

Description: Standard industrial hygiene practices should be followed when handling Benzyl Paraben powder. Dust formation should be minimized to avoid respiratory irritation. In case of eye contact, rinse with plenty of water and seek medical attention. Protective gloves and goggles should be worn during handling.

ITEM 17: STORAGE AND SHELF LIFE

Description: Benzyl Paraben should be stored in a cool, dry place in tightly closed containers, protected from direct sunlight and moisture. It is stable under recommended storage conditions. The shelf life is typically 24-36 months. Signs of degradation include discoloration, caking, or moisture absorption.

ITEM 18: SPILL CLEANUP AND DISPOSAL

ITEM 19: PACKAGING INFORMATION

ITEM 20: SYNONYMS AND ALIASES

QUALITY AND CERTIFICATION SUMMARY

Disclaimer: This Technical Data Sheet provides typical values for reference purposes only. All values are based on standard laboratory measurements and do not constitute a binding specification. For binding properties, please request the Certificate of Analysis (COA) for each specific batch. The user is solely responsible for determining product suitability for their intended application and for compliance with all applicable regulations. Safety Data Sheet (SDS) must be requested from the supplier before use.