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Send EmailPotassium Chloride, Muriate of Potash, Potassium Muriate, 7447-40-7
POTASSIUM CHLORIDE (KCl)
PRODUCT IDENTIFICATION INFORMATION
| Parameter | Information |
|---|---|
| Product Name | Potassium Chloride |
| Chemical Name | Potassium Chloride |
| Synonyms (Turkish) | Potasyum Klorür, Potasyum Muriat, Kloresan, Potas Muriatı, Hidroklorik Asit Potasyum Tuzu |
| Synonyms (English) | Potassium Chloride, Muriate of Potash, Potash Muriate, Sylvite, Chlorescent, Potassium Muriate, Hydrochloric Acid Potassium Salt |
| E Number | Not applicable (E508 is Potassium Chloride in EU) |
| CAS Number | 7447-40-7 |
| EC Number | 231-211-8 |
| Molecular Formula | KCl |
| Molecular Weight | 74.55 g/mol |
| Appearance | White cubic crystals, colorless, granular or powder |
| Odor | Odorless |
| Taste | Salty (similar to sodium chloride) |
CHEMICAL STRUCTURE
Potassium Chloride Structure:
K⁺ Cl⁻
Structure Description:
-
Ionic compound composed of potassium cation (K⁺) and chloride anion (Cl⁻).
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White cubic crystals, colorless.
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Salty taste (similar to table salt).
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Highly soluble in water.
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Completely dissociates in water into K⁺ and Cl⁻ ions.
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Occurs naturally as the mineral sylvite.
SECTION 1: CHEMICAL IDENTITY AND DESCRIPTION
| Parameter | Information |
|---|---|
| Product Name | Potassium Chloride |
| Chemical Name | Potassium Chloride |
| Synonyms (Turkish) | Potasyum Klorür, Potasyum Muriat, Kloresan, Potas Muriatı, Hidroklorik Asit Potasyum Tuzu |
| Synonyms (English) | Potassium Chloride, Muriate of Potash, Potash Muriate, Sylvite, Chlorescent, Potassium Muriate, Hydrochloric Acid Potassium Salt |
| E Number | Not applicable (E508 is Potassium Chloride in EU) |
| CAS Number | 7447-40-7 |
| EC Number | 231-211-8 |
| Molecular Formula | KCl |
| Molecular Weight | 74.55 g/mol |
| Chemical Class | Inorganic salt; Halide; Electrolyte; Fertilizer |
| Source | Natural (sylvite mineral, salt lakes) or synthetic |
| Physical State (20°C) | Solid (crystalline) |
| Odor | Odorless |
| Color | White |
| Taste | Salty |
SECTION 2: PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
| Property | Value | Test Method / Note |
|---|---|---|
| Appearance | White cubic crystals, colorless | Visual |
| Odor | Odorless | Olfactometric |
| Taste | Salty | – |
| Molecular Weight | 74.55 g/mol | Calculated |
| Density | 1.98 g/cm³ | ASTM D4052 |
| Melting Point | 770°C | DSC |
| Boiling Point | 1,420°C | – |
| Solubility in Water (20°C) | 34.2 g/100 g (high solubility) | General Method |
| Solubility in Ethanol | Insoluble | General Method |
| pH (Saturated Solution) | ~7.0 (neutral) | pH Meter |
| Conductivity | High (in solution) | – |
| Refractive Index | 1.490 (solid) | – |
| Hygroscopicity | Low | – |
| Stability | Stable under normal conditions | – |
| Potassium Content | ~52.4% | AAS / ICP |
| Chloride Content | ~47.6% | – |
| Heavy Metals (as Pb) | ≤ 10 ppm | AAS / ICP |
| Arsenic (As) | ≤ 2 ppm | AAS / ICP |
| Lead (Pb) | ≤ 2 ppm | AAS / ICP |
| Loss on Drying | ≤ 0.5% | Gravimetric |
| Assay (KCl) | ≥ 99.0 – 99.9% (grade dependent) | Titrimetric |
SECTION 3: POTASSIUM CHLORIDE vs OTHER SALTS
| Property | Potassium Chloride (KCl) | Sodium Chloride (NaCl) | Calcium Chloride (CaCl₂) | Magnesium Chloride (MgCl₂) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CAS Number | 7447-40-7 | 7647-14-5 | 10043-52-4 | 7786-30-3 |
| Molecular Weight | 74.55 g/mol | 58.44 g/mol | 110.98 g/mol | 95.21 g/mol |
| Taste | Salty | Salty | Bitter | Bitter |
| Solubility in Water (20°C) | 34.2 g/100 mL | 35.9 g/100 mL | 74.5 g/100 mL | 54.3 g/100 mL |
| pH (Solution) | 7.0 | 7.0 | 8.0-9.0 | 6.0-7.0 |
| Hygroscopicity | Low | Low | High | High |
| Potassium Content | ~52.4% | 0% | 0% | 0% |
| Primary Use | Fertilizer, salt substitute, medical | Food, medical, chemical | De-icing, drying | De-icing, tofu coagulant |
| E Code | E508 | Not applicable | E509 | E511 |
SECTION 4: MECHANISM OF ACTION
| Property | Description |
|---|---|
| Electrolyte Balance | Provides essential potassium (K⁺) and chloride (Cl⁻) ions; Maintains osmotic balance in cells; Regulates fluid balance; Essential for nerve impulse transmission; Essential for muscle function, especially cardiac muscle. |
| Blood Pressure Regulation | Potassium helps regulate blood pressure; Counteracts the effects of sodium; Reduces risk of hypertension; Supports cardiovascular health. |
| Fertilizer (Nutrient Source) | Provides plant-available potassium (K⁺); Potassium is an essential macronutrient for plants; Regulates water balance in plants; Activates enzymes; Improves crop yield and quality. |
| Salt Substitute | Provides salty taste without sodium; Used for low-sodium diets; Reduces sodium intake; Supports blood pressure management. |
| Medical (Hypokalemia Treatment) | Treats low potassium levels (hypokalemia); Oral or intravenous administration; Restores normal potassium levels; Prevents cardiac arrhythmias. |
| Osmotic Effect | Creates osmotic pressure difference; Used in some medical applications; Affects fluid movement in tissues. |
SECTION 5: PRODUCTION PROCESS
Industrial Production Methods:
Method 1: Mining of Sylvite Ore
Process Flow:
Sylvite Ore (KCl mineral) → Underground Mining → Crushing → Flotation / Crystallization → Washing → Drying → Screening → Final Product
Description: Sylvite ore (potassium chloride mineral) is mined from underground deposits. The ore is crushed, and KCl is separated by flotation or crystallization. The product is washed, dried, and screened.
Method 2: Solution Mining of Potash Deposits
Process Flow:
Potash Deposits → Solution Mining (Hot Water Injection) → Brine (KCl solution) → Evaporation → Crystallization → Centrifugation → Drying → Final Product
Description: Hot water is injected into potash deposits to dissolve KCl. The brine is pumped to the surface, evaporated, and crystallized to obtain KCl.
Method 3: Evaporation of Salt Lakes
Process Flow:
Salt Lake Brine → Solar Evaporation → Crystallization → Harvesting → Washing → Drying → Final Product
Description: Brine from salt lakes is evaporated using solar energy. KCl crystallizes and is harvested, washed, and dried.
SECTION 6: FUNCTIONAL PROPERTIES
| Property | Description |
|---|---|
| Fertilizer (Nutrient) | Provides essential potassium (K⁺) for plant growth; Regulates plant water balance; Activates plant enzymes; Improves crop yield and quality; Essential for fruit and root development. |
| Salt Substitute | Provides salty taste without sodium; Used in low-sodium diets; Reduces sodium intake; Helps manage blood pressure; Suitable for hypertension patients. |
| Electrolyte | Essential for nerve function and muscle contraction; Maintains fluid balance and blood pressure; Used in medical and sports drinks; Essential for cardiac function. |
| Medical (Hypokalemia) | Treats low potassium levels (hypokalemia); Oral or intravenous administration; Restores normal potassium levels; Prevents cardiac arrhythmias. |
| Food Additive | Used as a thickener, stabilizer, and salt substitute; Food additive E508; Used in processed foods and beverages. |
| Chemical Raw Material | Used in production of potassium hydroxide (KOH); Used in production of potassium compounds; Used in chemical synthesis. |
SECTION 7: MAIN APPLICATION AREAS
| Industry / Application | Function | Typical Use |
|---|---|---|
| Agriculture (Fertilizer) | Potassium source, macronutrient | Potash fertilizer (muriate of potash); Soil application; Improves crop yield and quality; Essential for plant growth; Dosage: 50-200 kg/ha (depending on crop and soil). |
| Food Industry | Salt substitute, food additive (E508), stabilizer | Low-sodium foods; Salt substitute products; Processed meats; Soups and sauces; Beverages; Dosage: 0.5-5% depending on product. |
| Medical / Pharmaceutical | Electrolyte, hypokalemia treatment | Oral potassium supplements; Intravenous solutions; Electrolyte replacement; Cardiac arrhythmia prevention; Dosage: 10-40 mEq/day (as supplement). |
| Chemical Industry | Raw material, feedstock | Potassium hydroxide (KOH) production; Potassium compounds production; Chemical synthesis; Catalyst production. |
| Water Treatment | Water softener regeneration | Ion exchange resin regeneration; Softening of hard water; Used as a sodium-free alternative. |
| Sports Nutrition | Electrolyte replenishment | Sports drinks; Electrolyte supplements; Prevents muscle cramps; Replenishes potassium lost through sweat. |
| Cosmetics | Viscosity control, stabilizer | Skin care products; Hair care products; Toothpaste; Stabilizer and thickener. |
SECTION 8: SAMPLE FORMULATIONS
Salt Substitute Blend:
| Component | Amount |
|---|---|
| Potassium Chloride | 50 – 80% |
| Sodium Chloride (reduced) | 10 – 30% |
| Anti-caking Agents (Silica) | 0.5 – 2% |
| Flavor enhancers (Citric Acid, etc.) | As required |
Instructions: Blend potassium chloride with other ingredients; Ensure uniform distribution; Package in moisture-proof containers.
Fertilizer Application (Potash):
| Component | Amount |
|---|---|
| Potassium Chloride (KCl) | 50 – 200 kg/ha |
| Nitrogen (Urea or Ammonium) | As required |
| Phosphorus (Phosphate) | As required |
| Soil testing recommended | – |
Instructions: Apply potassium chloride to soil based on soil test results; Incorporate into soil; Apply before planting or during growing season.
SECTION 9: QUALITY SPECIFICATIONS
| Parameter | Food Grade | Pharmaceutical Grade | Agricultural Grade (Fertilizer) | Industrial Grade | Test Method |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Appearance | White crystalline powder | White crystalline powder | White crystalline powder | White crystalline powder | Visual |
| Assay (KCl) | ≥ 99.5% | ≥ 99.5% | ≥ 95.0% | ≥ 99.0% | Titrimetric |
| Loss on Drying | ≤ 0.5% | ≤ 0.3% | ≤ 1.0% | ≤ 0.5% | Gravimetric |
| pH (1% Solution) | 6.0 – 8.0 | 6.0 – 8.0 | 6.0 – 8.0 | 6.0 – 8.0 | pH Meter |
| Heavy Metals (as Pb) | ≤ 10 ppm | ≤ 5 ppm | – | – | AAS / ICP |
| Arsenic (As) | ≤ 2 ppm | ≤ 1 ppm | – | – | AAS / ICP |
| Lead (Pb) | ≤ 2 ppm | ≤ 1 ppm | – | – | AAS / ICP |
| Sodium (Na) | ≤ 0.5% | ≤ 0.1% | – | ≤ 1.0% | AAS / ICP |
| Magnesium (Mg) | ≤ 0.01% | ≤ 0.01% | ≤ 0.5% | – | AAS / ICP |
| Calcium (Ca) | ≤ 0.01% | ≤ 0.01% | ≤ 0.5% | – | AAS / ICP |
SECTION 10: TOXICOLOGICAL PROFILE
| Parameter | Value |
|---|---|
| Acute Oral Toxicity (LD50, Rat) | ~ 2,500 – 3,000 mg/kg (moderate toxicity) |
| Acute Dermal Toxicity | Non-toxic; Non-irritating |
| Skin Irritation | Non-irritating |
| Eye Irritation | Mildly irritating |
| Inhalation Toxicity | May cause respiratory irritation (dust) |
| Chronic Toxicity | Excessive intake may cause hyperkalemia (high potassium); May affect cardiac function at high doses |
| Carcinogenicity | Not classified as carcinogenic |
| Mutagenicity | Not mutagenic |
| Reproductive Toxicity | No reproductive toxicity at normal levels |
| Allergenicity | Low allergenicity |
| Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI) | Not specified (essential nutrient; recommended limit: <4,700 mg/day potassium) |
| Special Toxicity Note | Essential nutrient for human health; Potassium is essential for nerve and muscle function; Excessive intake may cause hyperkalemia (especially in renal patients); Generally recognized as safe (GRAS) for food use; Safe at normal dietary levels; Avoid excessive consumption; Use caution in patients with kidney disease or those taking potassium-sparing diuretics. |
SECTION 11: GHS CLASSIFICATION AND LABELING
GHS Classification (in accordance with CLP and UN GHS):
| Hazard Class | Category | H-Statement |
|---|---|---|
| Not classified as hazardous according to CLP criteria | – | – |
Signal Word: None (Not classified as hazardous)
Hazard Pictograms: None
NFPA 704 Hazard Classification:
| Health | Flammability | Reactivity | Special |
|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | 0 | 0 | - |
| (Minimal health hazard) | (Non-flammable) | (Stable) | (None) |
SECTION 12: PRECAUTIONARY STATEMENTS (P-CODES)
| Code | Statement |
|---|---|
| P264 | Wash hands thoroughly after handling |
| P271 | Use only outdoors or in a well-ventilated area |
| P280 | Wear protective gloves/protective clothing/eye protection/face protection |
| P302+P352 | IF ON SKIN: Wash with plenty of soap and water |
| P304+P340 | IF INHALED: Remove person to fresh air and keep comfortable for breathing |
| P305+P351+P338 | IF IN EYES: Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes. Remove contact lenses if present and continue rinsing |
| P332+P313 | If skin irritation occurs: Get medical advice/attention |
| P337+P313 | If eye irritation persists: Get medical advice/attention |
| P362+P364 | Take off contaminated clothing and wash it before reuse |
| P403+P233 | Store in a well-ventilated place. Keep container tightly closed |
| P501 | Dispose of contents/container in accordance with local/regional/national/international regulations |
SECTION 13: FIRST AID MEASURES
| Exposure Route | Action to Take |
|---|---|
| Inhalation | Remove to fresh air immediately. If respiratory irritation develops, seek medical attention. |
| Skin Contact | Wash with plenty of soap and water. Remove contaminated clothing. If irritation persists, get medical attention. |
| Eye Contact | Rinse immediately with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes. Keep eyelids open. Remove contact lenses if present. If irritation persists, seek medical attention. |
| Ingestion | Rinse mouth. Drink plenty of water. Seek medical attention if large quantities are ingested or if feeling unwell. |
SECTION 14: FIREFIGHTING MEASURES
| Parameter | Information |
|---|---|
| Fire Hazard | Non-flammable. May burn with thick smoke at high temperatures. |
| Hazards Arising from Fire | Thermal decomposition produces no toxic products (KCl is stable). |
| Suitable Extinguishing Media | Water spray, CO₂, dry chemical powder, foam. |
| Unsuitable Extinguishing Media | None |
| Special Protective Equipment | Self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA), full protective clothing. |
| Special Precautions | Prevent dust from entering sewers and waterways. Avoid dust cloud formation. |
SECTION 15: STORAGE AND SHELF LIFE
| Parameter | Information |
|---|---|
| Storage Conditions | Store in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area; PROTECT FROM MOISTURE; Keep away from direct sunlight. |
| Container Requirements | Tightly closed, moisture-proof containers (PE-lined bags, HDPE containers). |
| Materials to Protect From | Moisture, strong acids |
| Shelf Life | 36 – 60 months (3-5 years) in unopened original packaging, under proper storage conditions. |
| Stability Note | Stable under recommended storage conditions; May cake if exposed to high humidity; Protect from moisture. |
| Special Storage Requirements | Store in a dry place; Avoid exposure to air and moisture; Opened containers must be resealed immediately. |
SECTION 16: PACKAGING OPTIONS
| Packaging Type | Quantity | Material |
|---|---|---|
| PE-Lined Paper Bag | 10 kg, 20 kg, 25 kg | PE-lined kraft paper bag (moisture-proof) |
| Plastic Bag | 1 kg, 5 kg, 10 kg, 25 kg | PE bag (inner-lined, sealed, moisture-proof) |
| Fiber Drum | 20 kg, 25 kg | PE-lined fiberboard drum |
| Plastic Drum | 25 kg, 50 kg | HDPE / Polypropylene (moisture-proof) |
| FIBC / Big Bag | 500 kg, 1000 kg | PE-lined, moisture-resistant PP woven bag |
SECTION 17: TRANSPORT INFORMATION
| Parameter | Information |
|---|---|
| UN Number | Not regulated (non-hazardous) |
| Hazard Class | Not applicable |
| Packing Group | Not applicable |
| ADR/RID | Not regulated |
| IMDG Code | Not regulated (non-hazardous) |
| IATA (Air) | Not regulated (non-hazardous) |
| Marine Pollutant | No |
| Transport Temperature | Ambient temperature; Protect from moisture and heat. |
SECTION 18: REGULATORY STATUS
| Region / Authority | Status |
|---|---|
| European Union | Approved for food use; Food additive E508; REACH registered. |
| USA (TSCA) | Listed (TSCA Inventory) |
| USA (FDA) | GRAS (Generally Recognized as Safe) ; 21 CFR 184.1622; Approved for food use; Approved as salt substitute and food additive. |
| Turkey | Approved for food, agricultural, and industrial use; Ministry of Agriculture approval for fertilizer use; Ministry of Health approval for food/pharma use; KKDIK regulation compliance required. |
| EFSA | Approved for food use; Essential nutrient; No ADI specified. |
| JECFA | Approved; Specifications included; No ADI specified. |
| USP/NF | Potassium Chloride monograph listed. |
| EP (European Pharmacopoeia) | Potassium Chloride monograph listed. |
| IARC | Not classified (non-carcinogenic) |
| NTP | Not listed |
| OSHA | Regulated as nuisance dust |
| California (Prop 65) | Not listed |
| Halal | Yes (with certification) |
| Kosher | Yes (with certification) |
| Vegan | Yes (mineral, no animal ingredients) |
SECTION 19: OTHER NAMES AND SYNONYMS
| Type | Name |
|---|---|
| Turkish Names | Potasyum Klorür, Potasyum Muriat, Kloresan, Potas Muriatı, Hidroklorik Asit Potasyum Tuzu |
| English Names | Potassium Chloride, Muriate of Potash, Potash Muriate, Sylvite, Chlorescent, Potassium Muriate, Hydrochloric Acid Potassium Salt |
| CAS Number | 7447-40-7 |
| EC Number | 231-211-8 |
| HS Code | 3104.20 |
SECTION 20: SUMMARY TABLE
| Parameter | Value |
|---|---|
| Product | Potassium Chloride (KCl) |
| CAS Number | 7447-40-7 |
| Molecular Formula | KCl |
| Molecular Weight | 74.55 g/mol |
| Appearance | White crystalline powder |
| Melting Point | 770°C |
| Solubility in Water (20°C) | 34.2 g/100 g |
| pH (Saturated Solution) | ~7.0 |
| Primary Functions | Fertilizer, salt substitute, electrolyte, chemical raw material |
| Main Application Areas | Agriculture (fertilizer), food, medical, chemical, water treatment, sports nutrition |
| Shelf Life | 36 – 60 months |
| GHS Signal Word | None (Not classified as hazardous) |
| UN Number | Not regulated |
| Special Properties | Essential nutrient; Electrolyte; GRAS; Non-toxic; Stable; Abundant; Essential for plant growth; Low-sodium salt substitute; Versatile industrial uses. |
SECTION 21: CRITICAL WARNINGS AND BEST PRACTICES
CRITICAL WARNINGS:
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GRAS Status: FDA GRAS; EFSA approved; Safe for food, pharmaceutical, and agricultural use.
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Essential Nutrient: Potassium is essential for nerve function, muscle contraction, and fluid balance.
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Excessive Intake: May cause hyperkalemia (high potassium) in renal patients; Recommended limit: <4,700 mg/day for healthy adults.
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Salt Substitute: Can be used to reduce sodium intake; May have a bitter aftertaste; Often blended with NaCl.
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Non-Toxic: Non-toxic at normal use levels; Safe for consumption.
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Hygroscopic: Low hygroscopicity; May cake if exposed to high humidity.
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Fertilizer: Essential macronutrient for crops; Improves yield and quality.
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Medical: Used to treat hypokalemia; Must be used under medical supervision for high-dose supplementation.
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Incompatibilities: Reacts with strong oxidizing agents.
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Abundant Resource: One of the most abundant and inexpensive fertilizers globally.
BEST PRACTICE RECOMMENDATIONS:
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Agriculture (Fertilizer): Apply as potash fertilizer; Dosage: 50-200 kg/ha; Based on soil test results; Apply before planting or during growing season; Incorporate into soil; Monitor potassium levels in soil.
-
Food Industry: Use as salt substitute and food additive (E508); Dosage: 0.5-5% depending on product; Low-sodium foods; Processed meats; Soups and sauces; Often blended with sodium chloride to improve taste.
-
Medical/Pharmaceutical: Use as electrolyte and hypokalemia treatment; Oral supplements (tablets, powders); Intravenous solutions; Pharmaceutical grade required; Use under medical supervision; Monitor potassium levels.
-
Sports Nutrition: Use as electrolyte replenisher; Sports drinks; Electrolyte supplements; Prevent muscle cramps; Replenish potassium lost through sweat.
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Handling: Use in well-ventilated areas; Avoid dust formation; Use dust masks when handling powder; Use gloves and safety goggles.
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Personal Protective Equipment: Dust mask (N95/FFP2) if dust is generated, safety goggles, chemical-resistant gloves, protective clothing.
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Hygiene: Wash hands thoroughly after handling; Do not eat, drink, or smoke while using; Remove contaminated clothing and wash before reuse.
-
Storage: Store in tightly closed, moisture-proof containers; Store in cool, dry, well-ventilated area; Protect from moisture; Opened containers must be resealed immediately; Shelf life: 36-60 months under proper conditions.
-
Spill Management: Sweep or vacuum (HEPA) and place in suitable sealed container; Avoid dust formation; Do not allow entry into drains or waterways; Dissolve in water if necessary.
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Disposal: Dispose of in accordance with local, regional, and national regulations; Non-hazardous waste; Can be dissolved and discharged (check local regulations).
DETECTION METHODS:
| Method | Description | Advantages | Disadvantages |
|---|---|---|---|
| Titrimetric (Mohr Method) | Argentometric titration with silver nitrate | Simple, accurate, standard method | Requires indicator |
| AAS / ICP | Potassium determination | High sensitivity, accurate | High cost, requires expertise |
| Flame Photometry | Potassium determination by flame emission | Simple, standard method | Requires specialized equipment |
| Ion Chromatography | Quantitative analysis of potassium and chloride | High sensitivity, accurate | High cost, requires expertise |
| Conductivity Measurement | Electrical conductivity of solution | Rapid, simple | Not specific |
| pH Meter | pH of solution | Simple, rapid | Indicative only |
POTASSIUM CHLORIDE vs ALTERNATIVES COMPARISON:
| Product | Chemical Name / E Code | Application | Strength | Weakness | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Potassium Chloride (KCl) | KCl | Fertilizer, food, medical | Potassium source, salt substitute, essential nutrient | Bitter aftertaste, high dose risk | Widely approved |
| Sodium Chloride (NaCl) | NaCl | Food, medical, chemical | Essential electrolyte, cheap | High sodium, hypertension risk | Widely approved |
| Potassium Sulfate (K₂SO₄) | K₂SO₄ | Fertilizer | Sulfur + potassium | No chloride, higher cost | Widely approved |
| Kainite | KCl·MgSO₄·3H₂O | Fertilizer | Magnesium + potassium | Lower potassium content | Widely approved |
| Potassium Nitrate (KNO₃) | KNO₃ | Fertilizer, explosives | Nitrogen + potassium | Oxidizer, explosive risk | Regulated |
LEGAL DISCLAIMER:
The information provided in this document is based on our current knowledge and experience and is presented in good faith. However, as all conditions of use are beyond our control, it does not constitute a binding specification or warranty. This Technical Data Sheet is for informational purposes only. Users are responsible for testing the suitability for their own applications and for complying with all local, regional, and national regulations. For complete safety, storage, use, handling, waste, and regulatory compliance information, please refer to the official Safety Data Sheet (SDS/MSDS) provided by the manufacturer/supplier.
