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Send EmailTartar Emetic, Potassium Antimony Tartrate, Potassium Antimony Tartrate Hemihydrate, 16039-64-8
TARTAR EMETIC – TARTAR EMETIC
1. CHEMICAL IDENTITY AND DEFINITION
| Parameter | Information |
|---|---|
| Chemical Name (IUPAC) | Potassium Antimony Tartrate Hemihydrate |
| Other Names | Tartar Emetic, Potassium Antimony Tartrate, Potassium Antimony Tartrate Hemihydrate, Antimonyl Potassium Tartrate |
| Chemical Formula | C₄H₄KO₇Sb · ½H₂O |
| Molecular Weight | 333.93 g/mol |
| CAS Number | 16039-64-8 |
| EC Number (EINECS) | 240-019-2 |
| Appearance | Colorless transparent crystals or white granular powder |
| Odor | Odorless |
| Physical State (20°C) | Solid (crystals / powder) |
| Chemical Class | Inorganic salt (antimony compound) |
2. WHAT IS TARTAR EMETIC?
Tartar Emetic (Potassium Antimony Tartrate) is an inorganic salt composed of antimony, potassium, and tartaric acid . It appears as colorless transparent crystals or white granular powder. It is soluble in water and glycerol, but insoluble in alcohol. Historically, it has been used in medicine as an emetic and for the treatment of schistosomiasis (parasitic disease) . Today, it is primarily used as a mordant in textile dyeing, in the leather industry, and as an insecticide . It is a highly toxic compound.
3. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
| Property | Value |
|---|---|
| Appearance | Colorless transparent crystals or white granular powder |
| Chemical Formula | C₄H₄KO₇Sb · ½H₂O |
| Molecular Weight | 333.93 g/mol |
| CAS Number | 16039-64-8 |
| Density | 2.607 g/cm³ |
| Boiling Point (760 mmHg) | 399.3 °C |
| Flash Point | 209.4 °C |
| Vapor Pressure (25°C) | 4.93 × 10⁻⁸ mmHg |
| Solubility in Water | Soluble |
| Solubility in Glycerol | Soluble |
| Solubility in Alcohol | Insoluble |
| pH (Aqueous Solution) | Weakly acidic |
4. CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
| Property | Information |
|---|---|
| Chemical Formula | C₄H₄KO₇Sb · ½H₂O |
| Molecular Weight | 333.93 g/mol |
| CAS Number | 16039-64-8 |
| EC Number | 240-019-2 |
| Antimony Content | ~36.5% |
| Potassium Content | ~11.7% |
| Water of Crystallization | Lost at 100°C |
| Aqueous Solution | Weakly acidic |
| Reaction with Tannic Acid | Forms white precipitate |
| Stability | Shows toxic corrosion in open air |
| Toxicity | Highly toxic (antimony compound) |
5. CHEMICAL STRUCTURE
HOOC — CH — O — Sb — O — CH — COOK
| |
OH OH
Tartar Emetic Structure:
Potassium antimony tartrate is the antimony and potassium salt of tartaric acid. The antimony atom forms a complex with tartrate ligands.
Water of Crystallization:
C₄H₄KO₇Sb · ½H₂O (hemihydrate)
Thermal Decomposition:
Loses water of crystallization at 100°C:
C₄H₄KO₇Sb · ½H₂O → C₄H₄KO₇Sb + ½H₂O
6. APPLICATIONS
6.1. Textile and Dyeing Industry
| Application | Description |
|---|---|
| Mordant | Mordant for reducing dyes in cotton dyeing |
| Acid Dyeing | Improves fastness of acid dyes |
| Color Fixation | Combination with tannic acid and formic acid |
| Wash Fastness | Improves washing and soaping fastness of fabrics |
| Soaping Fastness | Enhances color durability |
6.2. Leather Industry
| Application | Description |
|---|---|
| Mordant | In leather dyeing |
| Leather Processing | Color fixation and fastness improvement |
6.3. Medicine and Pharmaceutical Industry
| Application | Description |
|---|---|
| Emetic Agent | Previously used as a vomiting inducer |
| Schistosomiasis Treatment | Injection for parasitic disease treatment |
| Antiparasitic | Treatment of Schistosoma infections |
6.4. Analytical Chemistry
| Application | Description |
|---|---|
| Analytical Reagent | In chemical analyses |
| Precipitant | Precipitation of certain substances |
6.5. Other Applications
| Application | Description |
|---|---|
| Insecticide | Agricultural insecticide |
| Industrial Chemistry | Various chemical processes |
7. MECHANISM AND EFFECTS
| Effect | Description |
|---|---|
| Mordant Effect | Enables chemical bonding of dyes to fibers |
| Emetic Effect | Induces vomiting by irritating the gastric mucosa |
| Antiparasitic Effect | Kills Schistosoma parasites |
| Toxic Effect | High toxicity due to antimony content |
8. SAFETY AND HEALTH INFORMATION
| Parameter | Value |
|---|---|
| Toxicity | High (antimony compound) |
| Oral LD50 (Rat) | ~115 mg/kg |
| Dermal LD50 (Rabbit) | ~300 mg/kg |
| Skin Contact | May cause irritation |
| Eye Contact | May cause severe irritation |
| Inhalation | Dust inhalation may cause lung damage |
| Ingestion | May be fatal |
| Carcinogenicity | Antimony compounds suspected carcinogens |
| Mutagenicity | Positive (antimony compounds) |
8.1. GHS CLASSIFICATION
| Hazard Category | Description |
|---|---|
| Acute Toxicity | Category 3 (H301, H331) |
| Skin Irritation | Category 2 (H315) |
| Eye Irritation | Category 2 (H319) |
| Specific Target Organ Toxicity | Category 3 (H335) |
8.2. FIRST AID MEASURES
| Route of Exposure | Action |
|---|---|
| Inhalation | Remove to fresh air. If breathing difficulty, seek medical attention. |
| Skin Contact | Wash with plenty of soap and water. Remove contaminated clothing. |
| Eye Contact | Rinse thoroughly with water for at least 15 minutes. Seek medical attention. |
| Ingestion | Do NOT induce vomiting. Rinse mouth. Get immediate medical attention. |
9. STORAGE AND HANDLING
| Parameter | Information |
|---|---|
| Storage Conditions | Cool, dry, well-ventilated area |
| Container Requirements | Tightly closed, original packaging |
| Protect From | Moisture, heat, acids, strong bases |
| Shelf Life | 12-24 months (with proper storage) |
| Special Note | Shows toxic corrosion in open air |
10. TRANSPORT INFORMATION
| Parameter | Information |
|---|---|
| UN Number | 1551 |
| Hazard Class | 6.1 (Toxic) |
| Packing Group | II |
11. REGULATORY STATUS
| Region / Authority | Status |
|---|---|
| European Union (REACH) | Registered substance |
| USA (EPA TSCA) | Listed on TSCA inventory |
| Turkey | Hazardous substance |
12. OTHER NAMES AND SYNONYMS
| Type | Name |
|---|---|
| Turkish Names | Emetik Tartar, Tartar Emetik, Potasyum Antimon Tartarat |
| English Names | Tartar Emetic, Potassium Antimony Tartrate, Potassium Antimony Tartrate Hemihydrate |
| CAS Number | 16039-64-8 |
13. SUMMARY AND CRITICAL WARNINGS
Product Summary
| Parameter | Value |
|---|---|
| Product | Tartar Emetic |
| CAS Number | 16039-64-8 |
| Formula | C₄H₄KO₇Sb · ½H₂O |
| Molecular Weight | 333.93 g/mol |
| Appearance | Colorless crystals / white powder |
| Density | 2.607 g/cm³ |
| Primary Applications | Mordant, emetic, antiparasitic |
CRITICAL WARNINGS
1. HIGH TOXICITY: Tartar emetic is highly toxic. As an antimony compound, it can be fatal if ingested. Oral LD50 is ~115 mg/kg.
2. ANTIMONY TOXICITY: Antimony and its compounds may cause heart, liver, and kidney damage. Suspected carcinogen upon prolonged exposure.
3. APPLICATION: Used as a mordant in textile dyeing. Applied with tannic acid and formic acid after acid dyeing to improve color fastness.
4. MEDICAL USE: Historically used as an emetic and for schistosomiasis treatment. Use is now limited.
5. PPE: Use protective gloves, goggles, and dust mask when handling.
6. STORAGE: Store in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area in tightly closed containers. Shows toxic corrosion in open air.
7. WASTE: Antimony-containing waste must be sent to licensed disposal facilities. Avoid release to the environment.
8. FIRST AID: Do NOT induce vomiting if swallowed. Seek immediate medical attention. Antimony antidote may be administered.
9. ENVIRONMENT: Toxic to aquatic organisms. Avoid release to the environment.
10. REGULATIONS: Classified as a hazardous substance. Use and disposal are subject to regulations.
IMPORTANT DISCLAIMER: This Technical Data Sheet (TDS) is for informational purposes only and is prepared based on available technical data. The user is responsible for determining the suitability of the product for their specific application and for complying with all local, national, and international regulations. For complete safety, storage, use, handling, disposal, and regulatory compliance information, refer to the official Safety Data Sheet (SDS/MSDS) provided by the manufacturer/supplier. This document is not a substitute for professional or medical advice.
