Sodium Hypochlorite, Sodium Oxychloride, Disinfectant Solution, Hypo, Javel Water, 7681-52-9

Sodium Hypochlorite, Sodium Oxychloride, Disinfectant Solution, Hypo, Javel Water, 7681-52-9

SODIUM HYPOCHLORITE (NaOCl)
Sodium Oxychloride / Bleach / Hypo
CAS Number: 7681-52-9
EC Number: 231-668-3
GTIP: 282890001011
HS Kod: 282890
Sodyum hipoklorit (Javel suyu)

1. IDENTIFICATION

2. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES

Typical Commercial Concentrations:

3. CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

Decomposition Reactions:

2 NaOCl → 2 NaCl + O₂↑ (slow, accelerated by heat/light)
3 NaOCl → NaClO₃ + 2 NaCl (chlorate formation at high temperatures)
NaOCl + 2 HCl → NaCl + Cl₂↑ + H₂O (acid addition – DANGEROUS – releases toxic chlorine gas)
NaOCl + 2 NH₃ → NH₂Cl + NaCl + H₂O (monochloramine formation)

4. PRODUCTION PROCESS

Reaction Equation:

Cl₂ + 2 NaOH → NaOCl + NaCl + H₂O

Note: The reaction produces approximately equimolar amounts of NaOCl and NaCl. Commercial solutions contain significant salt (NaCl) content.

5. APPLICATIONS

5.1. Water Treatment (Primary Use – Most Important)

Chlorine Dose for Drinking Water:

Required Cl₂ (mg/L) = Demand (mg/L) + Residual (mg/L)
Typical residual: 0.2 – 0.5 mg/L free chlorine

5.2. Surface Disinfection & Sanitization

WHO Recommended Concentrations:

• General surface disinfection: 0.5% NaOCl (5,000 ppm)

• Blood/body fluid spills: 5% NaOCl (50,000 ppm) – 1:10 dilution of household bleach

• Low-level disinfection: 0.05% NaOCl (500 ppm) – 1:100 dilution

5.3. Swimming Pool & Spa Treatment

5.4. Textile Industry (Bleaching)

Note: Bleaching must be followed by antichlor treatment (sodium bisulfite, sodium thiosulfate) to remove residual chlorine and prevent fiber damage.

5.5. Paper & Pulp Industry

5.6. Food Industry

Important: Rinsing with potable water is required after sanitization of food contact surfaces (varies by regulation).

5.7. Agriculture

5.8. Healthcare & Laboratory

5.9. Plastic & Polymer Production

6. TYPICAL DOSAGE SUMMARY BY SECTOR

7. STORAGE & HANDLING

Household Bleach Concentrations:

• Typical: 3 – 6% NaOCl (30,000 – 60,000 ppm active chlorine)

Industrial Concentrations:

• Typical: 10 – 15% NaOCl (100,000 – 150,000 ppm active chlorine)

Shelf Life Guideline (% NaOCl remaining):

8. SAFETY & HEALTH INFORMATION

GHS Classification

Hazard Statements (H-Codes)

Precautionary Statements (P-Codes)

Toxicological Information

First Aid Measures

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

9. FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES

10. ENVIRONMENTAL INFORMATION

11. TRANSPORT INFORMATION

12. REGULATORY INFORMATION

13. SYNONYMS & OTHER NAMES

Database Identifiers:

• CAS: 7681-52-9

• EC: 231-668-3

• MDL: MFCD00011120

• PubChem CID: 23665760

• UNII: DY38VHM5OD

14. COMPARISON: DIFFERENT CONCENTRATION GRADES

15. SUMMARY

Sodium Hypochlorite (NaOCl, CAS 7681-52-9) is a strong oxidizing agent and the most widely used chlorine-based disinfectant worldwide. It is a clear, pale yellow-green liquid with a characteristic chlorine odor. Commonly known as bleach or liquid chlorine.

Key Features:

Main Application Areas:

Key Safety Points:

• CORROSIVE – Causes severe skin and eye burns

• TOXIC GAS – NEVER mix with acids or ammonia (releases Cl₂ or chloramines)

• OXIDIZER – May intensify fire; keep away from combustibles

• AQUATIC TOXICITY – Very toxic to aquatic life

• UNSTABLE – Decomposes with heat, light, and time

• STORAGE – HDPE or PVC containers; cool, dark place

16. IMPORTANT NOTES

1. Never Mix with Acids: Mixing sodium hypochlorite with acids (toilet bowl cleaners, vinegar, muriatic acid) releases highly toxic chlorine gas (Cl₂). This can be fatal. Always use separately.

2. Never Mix with Ammonia: Mixing with ammonia (some glass cleaners) releases toxic chloramine gases (NH₂Cl, NHCl₂, NCl₃). These cause severe respiratory irritation and pulmonary edema.

3. Concentration Variability: Commercial sodium hypochlorite degrades over time. Always measure active chlorine content (by titration) for critical applications (water treatment, disinfection). Do not rely solely on label concentration for aged product.

4. Decomposition Products: Aged sodium hypochlorite contains chlorates (ClO₃⁻) which are toxic and less effective as disinfectants. For critical applications, use fresh product.

5. Organic Matter Interference: Organic matter (blood, protein, soil) significantly reduces disinfection efficacy. Pre-cleaning is required before disinfection with NaOCl.

6. Corrosion of Metals: Sodium hypochlorite is corrosive to many metals (carbon steel, copper, aluminum, stainless steel). Use HDPE, PVC, FRP, or titanium for handling and storage. Stainless steel (especially grade 316) has limited resistance.

7. Food Contact Surfaces: When used on food contact surfaces, rinsing with potable water is required (regulations vary by country). Typical residual limits: ≤ 0.5 mg/L as free chlorine.

8. Dilution Instructions: Always add bleach TO water (not water to bleach) when diluting to minimize aerosol formation. Use cold water (hot water accelerates decomposition).

9. WHO Recommendations for Healthcare:

   • General surface disinfection: 0.5% NaOCl (1:10 dilution of 5% bleach)

   • Blood/body fluid spills: 5% NaOCl (undiluted household bleach)

   • Low-level disinfection: 0.05% NaOCl (1:100 dilution)

10. Water Treatment Residual: For drinking water, maintain free chlorine residual of 0.2-0.5 mg/L at the tap. Higher residuals cause taste and odor complaints.

Important Disclaimer: This Technical Data Sheet (TDS) is for informational purposes only. For complete safety, handling, storage, and regulatory compliance information, always refer to the official Safety Data Sheet (SDS) provided by the manufacturer/supplier.