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Send EmailTetrapotassium Pyrophosphate, Tetrapotassium Diphosphate, TKPP, KTPP, E450, 7320-34-5
| Property | Information |
|---|---|
| Product Name | Tetrapotassium Pyrophosphate (TKPP) |
| Abbreviations | TKPP, KTPP (used interchangeably) |
| Chemical Name | Potassium Pyrophosphate |
| Other Names | Tetrapotassium Diphosphate, Diphosphoric Acid Potassium Salt, Tetrapotassium Diphosphor, Pyrophosphoric Acid Tetrapotassium Salt, Potassium Diphosphate Tetrabasic, Anhydrous Potassium Pyrophosphate, Tetrapotassium Ion Diphosphate, Tetrakal |
| Chemical Formula | K₄P₂O₇ |
| Molecular Weight | 330.34 g/mol |
| CAS Number | 7320-34-5 |
| EINECS Number | 230-785-7 |
| Food Additive Code | E450 |
| Appearance | White crystalline powder or granules |
| Odor | Odorless |
Tetrapotassium Pyrophosphate (TKPP) is a chemical belonging to the polymeric pyrophosphate group. It has similar properties to Tetrasodium Pyrophosphate (TSPP) but exhibits higher solubility. It has the ability to undergo chelation reactions with alkaline earth and heavy metal ions.
Key Features:
| Feature | Description |
|---|---|
| Water Softening | Forms complexes with Mg²⁺ and Ca²⁺ ions found in hard water |
| Dispersion Ability | Strong dispersion capability on fine and dispersed solid molecules thanks to the pyrophosphate ion (P₂O₇⁴⁻) |
| Homogeneous Mixing | Ensures homogeneous mixing of trace and fine materials |
| High Solubility | Very high water solubility |
| Hygroscopic | Strong moisture absorption property |
| Property | Value |
|---|---|
| Appearance | White crystalline powder or granules |
| Odor | Odorless |
| Density | Approx. 2.33 g/cm³ |
| Melting Point | 1,090 °C |
| pH (1% aqueous solution) | Approx. 10.5 (alkaline) |
| Solubility in Water (25°C) | 187 g / 100 g water (very high solubility) |
| Solubility in Ethanol | Insoluble |
| Hygroscopicity | Very strong moisture absorption (highly hygroscopic) |
| Aqueous Solution Property | Alkaline character |
Tetrapotassium Pyrophosphate (TKPP) is produced by neutralization and calcination methods.
Raw Materials Used:
1 mol Food grade 85% Phosphoric Acid (H₃PO₄)
2 mol Food grade Potassium Hydroxide (KOH)
Production Stages:
| Stage | Process | Conditions |
|---|---|---|
| 1. Acid Preparation | 30% food grade phosphoric acid is prepared and slowly stirred | - |
| 2. Neutralization | Potassium hydroxide is added; pH is maintained at 8.4 | pH 8.4 |
| 3. Decolorization | Activated carbon is added | - |
| 4. Filtration | Insoluble materials are removed | - |
| 5. Concentration | Solution is heated to 100–125°C | 100–125 °C |
| 6. Precipitation & Cooling | After precipitation, cooled below 20°C | <20 °C |
| 7. Drying | Centrifugation to form trihydrate-di-potassium phosphate; heated to 120–130°C to remove crystal water | 120–130 °C |
| 8. Polymerization (Calcination) | Calcined in a calciner up to 500–600°C | 500–600 °C |
| 9. Cooling | Final product is obtained after cooling | - |
Reactions:
| Stage | Reaction |
|---|---|
| Neutralization | H₃PO₄ + 2KOH → K₂HPO₄ + 2H₂O |
| Polymerization | 2K₂HPO₄ → K₄P₂O₇ + H₂O (Δ heat) |
Tetrapotassium Pyrophosphate (TKPP) is a highly versatile chemical with a wide range of applications.
| Application Area | Function |
|---|---|
| Meat Products (Ham, Sausage) | Binding properties; increases product yield |
| Canned Seafood | Prevents struvite (magnesium ammonium phosphate crystal) formation in salmon, shrimp, mackerel |
| Fruit Canned Goods | Prevents fruit color deterioration |
| Ice Cream Production | Provides swollen and fluffy texture (thanks to hygroscopic and solubility properties) |
| Coffee Production | Increases raw material quantity |
| Cheese Production | As emulsifying salt; pH buffering; promotes emulsification; interacts with milk protein |
| Food Additive | Emulsifier, texturizer, thickener, sequestrant, mineral fortification |
| Application Area | Function |
|---|---|
| Electroplating | Complexing agent in cyanide-free plating methods; used with potassium sodium tartrate |
| Ceramic Industry | Clay dispersant agent |
| Oil Field Applications | High-temperature stabilizing salt in treatment fluid production; hydraulic fracturing property |
| Drilling Applications | As dispersant in drilling fluid additives manufacturing; completion fluids |
| Latex Paints | Dispersant agent by forming low and stable high-viscosity solutions; helps pigment wetting |
| Metal Surface Treatment | Coating and surface treatment agent; strong phosphate effects for phosphate coating of metal surfaces |
| Lubricants | In manufacturing lubricant additives and lubricants |
| Textile | With Sodium Lauryl Sulfate for cleaning stains and dirt from fabrics |
| Industrial Cleaning | Drying agent in cleaning food industry equipment such as heat exchangers, air evacuation equipment |
| Application Area | Function |
|---|---|
| Phosphorus Source | Important phosphorus source for plants (plays role in production of nucleic acids, phospholipids, coenzymes) |
| Calcareous Soils | Phosphorus source for plants grown in calcareous soils |
| Application Area | Function |
|---|---|
| Water Softening | Forms complexes with Mg²⁺ and Ca²⁺ ions in hard water for water softening |
| Washing Efficiency | Increases the degree of effectiveness of water during washing; helps dirt removal |
| Application Area | Function |
|---|---|
| Bioplastic Production | As phosphorus source in production of biodegradable, water-soluble plastics |
| Application Area | Function |
|---|---|
| Lipid Oxidation Prevention | Extends product shelf life by sequestering multivalent cations (as preservative) |
| Buffering Agent | pH buffering |
| Dispersant | As dispersing agent |
| Protein Modifier | Protein modification |
| Coagulant | As coagulating agent |
| Sequestrant | Binds metal ions |
Tetrapotassium Pyrophosphate is used in toothpastes to prevent tartar (dental calculus) formation.
| Mechanism | Description |
|---|---|
| Pyrophosphate Source | Added to formulations as tetrasodium pyrophosphate, tetrapotassium pyrophosphate, and disodium pyrophosphate in toothpastes |
| Hydroxyapatite Interaction | Pyrophosphate interacts with Ca²⁺ ions on hydroxyapatite surfaces with high attraction force |
| Enamel Protection | Reduces binding capacity to proteins by binding hydroxyapatite with Ca²⁺ on enamel surfaces |
| Calcium Phosphate Prevention | Prevents calcium phosphate formation on teeth, thus preventing pellicle (film layer) formation |
| Fluoride Synergy | Fluoride provides better protection when applied together with pyrophosphate-containing tetrasodium pyrophosphate copolymers |
| Feature | Advantage |
|---|---|
| High Solubility | Higher solubility compared to Tetrasodium Pyrophosphate (TSPP) |
| Low Temperature Performance | Precipitation problem at low temperatures seen in other phosphate groups does not occur with TKPP |
| Chelation Ability | Chelation reaction with alkaline earth and heavy metal ions |
| Dispersion Ability | Strong dispersion on fine and dispersed solid molecules thanks to pyrophosphate ion |
| Hygroscopic Property | Very strong moisture absorption/retention capacity |
| Alkaline Character | pH ~10.5 in 1% solution |
| Property | TKPP (Tetrapotassium Pyrophosphate) | TSPP (Tetrasodium Pyrophosphate) |
|---|---|---|
| Chemical Formula | K₄P₂O₇ | Na₄P₂O₇ |
| Solubility | Higher | Lower |
| Hygroscopicity | Very high | High |
| pH (1% solution) | ~10.5 | ~10.2 |
| Key Features | Same basic properties as TSPP | Same basic properties as TKPP |
| Parameter | Details |
|---|---|
| Appearance | White crystalline powder or granules |
| Hygroscopicity | Very strong moisture absorption property |
| Storage Conditions | Cool, dry environment; must be stored in airtight containers |
| Moisture Protection | Must be protected from moisture; keep in closed packaging |
| Solubility | Easily soluble in water; insoluble in ethanol |
| pH | 1% aqueous solution is alkaline (approx. pH 10.5) |
| Incompatible Materials | Strong acids, strong oxidizers |
| Shelf Life | 24 months in original unopened packaging |
| Region | Status |
|---|---|
| European Union | Authorized as food additive E450 under Regulation (EC) No 1333/2008; REACH registered |
| USA (FDA) | GRAS (Generally Recognized as Safe) for specified uses; 21 CFR §182.5434 |
| Turkey | Compliant with Turkish Food Codex (TGK) Additives Regulation |
| JECFA | Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI): MTDI 70 mg/kg bw as phosphorus from all sources |
| Name | Description |
|---|---|
| Tetrapotassium Pyrophosphate | Full chemical name |
| TKPP | Most common industrial abbreviation |
| Potassium Pyrophosphate | Shortened name |
| Tetrapotassium Diphosphate | Alternative systematic name |
| Diphosphoric Acid Potassium Salt | IUPAC systematic name |
| Pyrophosphoric Acid Tetrapotassium Salt | Alternative name |
| E450 | European food additive code |
Tetrapotassium Pyrophosphate (TKPP, CAS: 7320-34-5, E450) is a white crystalline powder or granule with high solubility and strong hygroscopic properties. It dissolves easily in water and its 1% aqueous solution exhibits alkaline properties (pH ~10.5). It has a melting point of 1,090°C.
Key Features:
High solubility (187 g/100 g water at 25°C)
Strong chelation ability (forms complexes with Mg²⁺, Ca²⁺ ions)
Excellent dispersion ability
High hygroscopicity
Alkaline character
Main Application Areas:
Food Industry: Meat products, canned seafood (struvite prevention), ice cream, cheese (emulsifying salt), coffee, fruit canned goods
Toothpastes: Tartar (dental calculus) prevention; synergistic effect with fluoride
Industrial Applications: Electroplating, ceramics, oil field, drilling, latex paints, metal surface treatment, textile, industrial cleaning
Agriculture: Fertilizer as phosphorus source
Water Treatment: Water softening
Bioplastics: Phosphorus source
Preservative: Lipid oxidation prevention, shelf life extension
TKPP has a wide range of applications in food, cosmetic, industrial, and agricultural fields thanks to its versatile chemical properties. Its high solubility and chelation ability make it advantageous over other phosphate derivatives in many applications.
Important: This TDS is exclusively for Tetrapotassium Pyrophosphate (TKPP, CAS 7320-34-5, K₄P₂O₇) . For emergencies or a detailed Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS), contact the manufacturer/supplier.