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Send EmailTetra Potassium Pyrophosphate, Potassium Pyrophosphate, TKPP, E450, 7320-34-5
| Property | Details |
|---|---|
| Product Name | Tetra Potassium Pyrophosphate (TKPP) |
| CAS Number | 7320-34-5 |
| Molecular Formula | K₄P₂O₇ |
| Molecular Weight | 330.34 g/mol |
| Chemical Name | Potassium Pyrophosphate |
| E Number | E 450 |
| Other Names | Potassium Pyrophosphate, Tetra Potassium Diphosphate, Diphosphoric Acid Potassium Salt, Tetra Potassium Diphosphor, Pyrophosphoric Acid Tetra Potassium Salt, Tetra Potassium Phosphonato Phosphate, Potassium pyrophosphate, Tetrabasic Potassium Diphosphate, Anhydrous Potassium Pyrophosphate, Tetra Potassium Ion Diphosphate, Potassium Diphosphate 98% Extra Pure, Tetrakal |
Tetra Potassium Pyrophosphate (TKPP) is a chemical from the polymeric pyrophosphate group. It has similar properties to Tetrasodium Pyrophosphate (TSPP) but exhibits higher solubility. It has the ability to undergo chelation reactions with alkaline earth and heavy metal ions.
Key Characteristics:
Forms complexes with Mg⁺² and Ca⁺² ions in hard water, providing water softening
Strong dispersing ability on fine and dispersed solid molecules due to the pyrophosphate ion (P₂O₇⁻⁴)
Enables homogeneous mixing of trace and fine materials
High solubility and hygroscopic properties
| Property | Value |
|---|---|
| Appearance | White crystalline powder or granules |
| Odor | Odorless |
| Density | - |
| Melting Point | 1090 °C |
| pH (1% aqueous solution) | Approximately 10.5 (alkaline) |
| Solubility in Water | 187 g per 100 g water at 25°C (high solubility) |
| Solubility in Ethanol | Insoluble |
| Hygroscopicity | Very strong moisture absorption (highly hygroscopic) |
| Aqueous Solution Property | Alkaline character |
Tetra Potassium Pyrophosphate (TKPP) is produced by neutralization and calcination methods.
1 mol Food grade 85% Phosphoric Acid (H₃PO₄)
2 mol Food grade Potassium Hydroxide (KOH)
| Stage | Process | Conditions |
|---|---|---|
| 1. Acid Preparation | 30% food grade phosphoric acid is prepared and slowly mixed | - |
| 2. Neutralization | Potassium hydroxide is added, pH maintained at 8.4 | pH 8.4 |
| 3. Decolorization | Activated carbon is added | - |
| 4. Filtration | Insoluble materials are removed | - |
| 5. Concentration | Solution is heated to 100-125°C | 100-125 °C |
| 6. Precipitation and Cooling | After precipitation, cooled below 20°C | <20 °C |
| 7. Drying | Centrifugation for trihydrate-di-potassium phosphate formation; heated to 120-130°C to remove crystal water | 120-130 °C |
| 8. Polymerization (Calcination) | Calcined in a calciner at 500-600°C | 500-600 °C |
| 9. Cooling | Final product obtained after cooling | - |
Neutralization Stage:
H₃PO₄ + 2KOH → K₂HPO₄ + 2H₂O
Polymerization Stage:
2K₂HPO₄ [Delta] → K₄P₂O₇ + H₂O
Tetra Potassium Pyrophosphate is used in toothpastes to prevent tartar formation.
| Mechanism of Action | Description |
|---|---|
| Pyrophosphate Source | Added to toothpaste formulations as tetrasodium pyrophosphate, tetra potassium pyrophosphate, and disodium pyrophosphate |
| Hydroxyapatite Interaction | Pyrophosphate interacts with Ca⁺² ions on hydroxyapatite surfaces with high attraction force |
| Enamel Protection | Hydroxyapatite binds enamel surfaces with Ca⁺², reducing protein binding capacity |
| Calcium Phosphate Prevention | Prevents calcium phosphate formation on teeth, inhibiting pellicle formation |
| Fluoride Synergy | Fluoride provides better protection when applied with tetrasodium pyrophosphate copolymers containing pyrophosphate |
Tetra Potassium Pyrophosphate (TKPP) is a versatile chemical with a wide range of applications.
| Application Area | Function |
|---|---|
| Meat Products (Ham, Sausage) | Binding properties, increasing product yield |
| Canned Seafood | Prevention of struvite (magnesium ammonium phosphate crystals) formation in salmon, shrimp, mackerel |
| Fruit Canned Products | Prevention of fruit color deterioration |
| Ice Cream Production | Providing fluffy and voluminous texture (due to hygroscopic and solubility properties) |
| Coffee Production | Increasing raw material quantity |
| Cheese Production | As emulsifying salt, pH buffering, promoting emulsification, interaction with milk protein |
| Food Additive | Emulsifier, texturizer, thickener, sequestrant, mineral supplement |
| Application Area | Function |
|---|---|
| Electroplating | Complexing agent in cyanide-free plating methods; used together with potassium sodium tartrate |
| Ceramic Industry | Clay dispersing agent |
| Oil Field Applications | High-temperature stabilizing salt in treatment fluid production; hydraulic fracturing property |
| Drilling Applications | As dispersant in drilling fluid additives; as completion fluids |
| Latex Paints | Dispersing agent by forming low and stable high-viscosity solutions; aids pigment wetting |
| Metal Surface Treatment | Coating and surface treatment agent; strong phosphate effects for phosphate coating of metal surfaces |
| Lubricants | In the manufacture of lubricant additives and lubricants |
| Textile | Used together with Sodium Lauryl Sulfate for cleaning stains and dirt on fabrics |
| Industrial Cleaning | Drying agent in cleaning food industry equipment (heat exchangers, air evacuation equipment, etc.) |
| Application Area | Function |
|---|---|
| Phosphorus Source | Important phosphorus source for plants (plays role in production of nucleic acids, phospholipids, coenzymes) |
| Calcareous Soils | Phosphorus source for plants grown in calcareous soils |
| Application Area | Function |
|---|---|
| Water Softening | Water softening by forming complexes with Mg⁺² and Ca⁺² ions in hard water |
| Washing Efficiency | Increases effectiveness of water during washing, aids in cleaning dirt |
| Application Area | Function |
|---|---|
| Bioplastic Production | As phosphorus source in production of biodegradable, water-soluble plastics |
| Application Area | Function |
|---|---|
| Lipid Oxidation Prevention | Extending product shelf life by sequestering polyvalent cations (as preservative) |
| Buffering Agent | pH buffering |
| Dispersing Agent | As dispersant |
| Protein Modifier | Protein modification |
| Coagulant | As coagulating agent |
| Sequestrant | Binding metal ions |
| Feature | Advantage |
|---|---|
| High Solubility | Higher solubility compared to Tetrasodium Pyrophosphate (TSPP) |
| Low Temperature Performance | Precipitation problems at low temperatures seen with other phosphate groups do not occur with TKPP |
| Chelation Ability | Chelation reaction with alkaline earth and heavy metal ions |
| Dispersing Ability | Strong dispersion on fine and dispersed solid molecules due to pyrophosphate ion |
| Hygroscopic Property | Very strong moisture absorption capacity |
| Alkaline Character | pH ~10.5 in 1% solution |
| Property | Tetra Potassium Pyrophosphate (TKPP) | Tetrasodium Pyrophosphate (TSPP) |
|---|---|---|
| Chemical Formula | K₄P₂O₇ | Na₄P₂O₇ |
| Solubility | Higher | Lower |
| Hygroscopicity | Very high | High |
| pH (1% solution) | ~10.5 | ~10.2 |
| Basic Properties | Same basic properties as TSPP | Same basic properties as TKPP |
| Parameter | Details |
|---|---|
| Appearance | White crystalline powder or granules |
| Hygroscopicity | Very strong moisture absorption |
| Storage Conditions | Cool, dry environment; store in airtight containers |
| Moisture Protection | Must be protected from moisture, kept in sealed packaging |
| Solubility | Easily soluble in water, insoluble in ethanol |
| pH | 1% aqueous solution is alkaline (approximately pH 10.5) |
Tetra Potassium Pyrophosphate (TKPP, CAS: 7320-34-5, E 450) is a white crystalline powder or granule with high solubility and highly hygroscopic properties. It dissolves easily in water, and its 1% aqueous solution shows alkaline character (pH ~10.5). It has a melting point of 1090°C.
Key Properties:
High solubility (187 g per 100 g water at 25°C)
Strong chelation ability (forms complexes with Mg⁺², Ca⁺² ions)
Excellent dispersing ability
High hygroscopicity
Alkaline character
Main Application Areas:
Food Industry: Meat products (ham, sausage), canned seafood (struvite prevention), ice cream (fluffy texture), cheese (emulsifying salt), coffee, fruit canned products
Toothpastes: Prevention of tartar formation, synergistic effect with fluoride
Industrial Applications: Electroplating, ceramics, oil field, drilling, latex paints, metal surface treatment, textile, industrial cleaning
Agriculture: Fertilizer as phosphorus source
Water Treatment: Water softening
Bioplastics: As phosphorus source
Preservative: Lipid oxidation prevention, shelf life extension
TKPP has a wide range of applications in food, cosmetic, industrial, and agricultural fields due to its versatile chemical properties. Its high solubility and chelation ability make it advantageous in many applications compared to other phosphate derivatives.