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Send EmailSodium Sulfate, Sodium Sulphate, Anhydrous Sodium Sulfate, Disodium Sulfate, Salt Cake, Glaubers Salt Anhydrous, Bisodium Sulfate, 7757-82-6, 15124-09-1
SODIUM SULFATE (ANHYDROUS - Na₂SO₄)
PRODUCT IDENTIFICATION INFORMATION
| Parameter | Information |
|---|---|
| Product Name | Sodium Sulfate |
| Chemical Name | Sodium Sulfate (Anhydrous) |
| Synonyms (Turkish) | Sodyum Sülfat, Sodyum Sülfat Susuz, Sodyum Sülfat Anhidrat, Glauber Tuzu (Susuz), Sodyum Sülfat Külü |
| Synonyms (English) | Sodium Sulfate, Sodium Sulphate, Anhydrous Sodium Sulfate, Disodium Sulfate, Salt Cake, Glauber's Salt (Anhydrous), Bisodium Sulfate |
| CAS Number | 7757-82-6 (Primary) / 15124-09-1 (Alternative) |
| EC Number | 231-820-9 |
| Molecular Formula | Na₂SO₄ |
| Molecular Weight | 142.04 g/mol |
| Appearance | White crystalline powder |
| Odor | Odorless |
| Taste | Bitter, salty |
CHEMICAL STRUCTURE
Sodium Sulfate Structure:
O
||
Na⁺—O—S—O—Na⁺
||
O
Structure Description:
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Ionic compound composed of two sodium cations (Na⁺) and one sulfate anion (SO₄²⁻).
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White, crystalline powder.
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Bitter, salty taste.
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Highly soluble in water; solubility decreases with increasing temperature above 33°C.
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Hygroscopic (absorbs moisture from air).
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Occurs naturally as the mineral thenardite (anhydrous) and mirabilite (decahydrate).
SECTION 1: CHEMICAL IDENTITY AND DESCRIPTION
| Parameter | Information |
|---|---|
| Product Name | Sodium Sulfate |
| Chemical Name | Sodium Sulfate (Anhydrous) |
| Synonyms (Turkish) | Sodyum Sülfat, Sodyum Sülfat Susuz, Sodyum Sülfat Anhidrat, Glauber Tuzu (Susuz), Sodyum Sülfat Külü |
| Synonyms (English) | Sodium Sulfate, Sodium Sulphate, Anhydrous Sodium Sulfate, Disodium Sulfate, Salt Cake, Glauber's Salt (Anhydrous), Bisodium Sulfate, DETERGENT SALT CAKE |
| CAS Number | 7757-82-6 (Primary) / 15124-09-1 (Alternative) |
| EC Number | 231-820-9 |
| Molecular Formula | Na₂SO₄ |
| Molecular Weight | 142.04 g/mol |
| Chemical Class | Inorganic salt; Sulfate; Electrolyte |
| Source | Natural (mineral thenardite) or synthetic (by-product of various processes) |
| Physical State (20°C) | Solid (crystalline powder) |
| Odor | Odorless |
| Color | White |
| Taste | Bitter, salty |
SECTION 2: PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
| Property | Value | Test Method / Note |
|---|---|---|
| Appearance | White crystalline powder | Visual |
| Odor | Odorless | Olfactometric |
| Taste | Bitter, salty | – |
| Molecular Weight | 142.04 g/mol | Calculated |
| Density (25°C) | 2.68 g/cm³ | ASTM D4052 |
| Melting Point | 884°C | DSC |
| Boiling Point | 1700°C | – |
| Solubility in Water (20°C) | ~19.5 g/100 mL (moderate solubility) | General Method |
| Solubility in Water (30°C) | 40.8 g/100 mL (maximum solubility) | General Method |
| Solubility in Water (100°C) | 42.5 g/100 mL | General Method |
| Solubility in Glycerol | Soluble | General Method |
| Solubility in Ethanol | Insoluble | General Method |
| pH (5% Solution) | 5.2 – 8.0 | pH Meter |
| Refractive Index | 1.484 | – |
| Hygroscopicity | Moderate | – |
| Stability | Stable; Incompatible with strong acids, aluminium, magnesium, strong bases | – |
| Heavy Metals (as Pb) | ≤ 10 ppm | AAS / ICP |
| Arsenic (As) | ≤ 2 ppm | AAS / ICP |
| Lead (Pb) | ≤ 2 ppm | AAS / ICP |
| Chloride (Cl) | ≤ 0.01% | Titrimetric |
| Iron (Fe) | ≤ 0.001% | AAS / ICP |
| Loss on Drying | ≤ 0.5% | Gravimetric |
| Assay (Na₂SO₄) | ≥ 99.0 – 99.9% (grade dependent) | Titrimetric |
SECTION 3: SODIUM SULFATE vs OTHER SULFATES
| Property | Sodium Sulfate (Na₂SO₄) | Potassium Sulfate (K₂SO₄) | Magnesium Sulfate (MgSO₄) | Calcium Sulfate (CaSO₄) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CAS Number | 7757-82-6 | 7778-80-5 | 7487-88-9 | 7778-18-9 |
| Molecular Weight | 142.04 g/mol | 174.26 g/mol | 120.37 g/mol | 136.14 g/mol |
| Density | 2.68 g/cm³ | 2.66 g/cm³ | 2.66 g/cm³ | 2.96 g/cm³ |
| Solubility in Water (20°C) | 19.5 g/100 mL | 12.0 g/100 mL | 35.5 g/100 mL | 0.24 g/100 mL |
| pH (5% Solution) | 5.2 – 8.0 | 7.0 | 5.5 – 7.0 | 7.0 |
| Taste | Bitter, salty | Salty-bitter | Bitter | – |
| Primary Use | Detergents, glass, paper | Fertilizer | Medicine, fertilizer | Construction, food additive |
| E Code | – | – | E518 | E516 |
SECTION 4: MECHANISM OF ACTION
| Property | Description |
|---|---|
| Filler / Bulking Agent | Used as a filler in synthetic detergents; Provides bulk and improves flow properties; Neutralizes surface tension; Increases detergent solubility. |
| Salting-Out Agent | Reduces the solubility of organic compounds in aqueous solutions; Used in dyeing and textile processes; Enhances dye uptake; Improves color fastness. |
| Coagulant | Used in the textile and leather industries; Coagulates proteins and other colloids; Used in viscose fiber production (coagulation bath). |
| Laxative (Medical) | Osmotic laxative; Retains water in the intestines; Increases intestinal volume; Stimulates peristalsis; Used to treat constipation. |
| Glass-Making | Used as a fining agent in glass production; Removes bubbles from molten glass; Reduces melting temperature; Improves glass quality. |
| Heat Storage | High heat of fusion; Used in thermal energy storage; Phase change material with sodium sulfate decahydrate; Used in solar energy storage. |
SECTION 5: PRODUCTION PROCESS
Industrial Production Methods:
Method 1: Vacuum Evaporation of Natural Mirabilite
Process Flow:
Mirabilite (Na₂SO₄·10H₂O) → Dissolution → Clarification → Vacuum Evaporation → Dehydration → Thickening → Centrifugation → Drying → Final Product
Description: Natural mirabilite (Glauber's salt) is dissolved and clarified. The clarified solution is subjected to vacuum evaporation to dehydrate the salt. The product is thickened, centrifuged, and dried to obtain anhydrous sodium sulfate.
Method 2: Calcium Mirabilite Process
Process Flow:
Calcium Mirabilite Ore (Na₂SO₄·CaSO₄·2H₂O) → Crushing → Ball Milling (with water) → Leaching → Filtration → Clarification → Evaporation → Drying → Final Product
Description: Calcium mirabilite ore is crushed and ball-milled with water. The leaching solution is filtered to remove impurities. The filtrate is clarified, evaporated, and dried to obtain anhydrous sodium sulfate.
Method 3: Rayon By-Product Process
Process Flow:
Viscose Fiber Production Wastewater → Crystallization → Dissolution → Neutralization → Filtration → Concentration → Cooling → Separation → Drying → Final Product
Description: Wastewater from rayon production contains sodium sulfate. The salt is crystallized, dissolved, neutralized, filtered, concentrated, cooled, separated, and dried to obtain anhydrous sodium sulfate.
Method 4: Conversion Method (From KCl By-Products)
Description: High and low temperature salts from potassium chloride production are converted through a multi-stage process to produce anhydrous sodium sulfate. This method has higher costs and lower recovery rates.
SECTION 6: FUNCTIONAL PROPERTIES
| Property | Description |
|---|---|
| Detergent Filler | Used as a filler in synthetic detergents; Provides bulk and improves powder flow; Acts as a neutral salt; Increases detergent solubility. |
| Salting-Out Agent | Reduces solubility of organic compounds; Used in dyeing and textile processes; Enhances dye uptake; Improves color fastness. |
| Coagulation Bath | Used in viscose fiber production; Coagulates cellulose from solution; Essential for rayon and cellophane production. |
| Glass-Making | Used as a fining agent in glass production; Removes bubbles from molten glass; Reduces melting temperature; Improves glass clarity and quality. |
| Chemical Intermediate | Used in production of sodium sulfide (Na₂S); Used in production of sodium silicate (water glass); Used in production of other sodium compounds. |
| Thermal Storage | High heat of fusion; Used in thermal energy storage systems; Phase change material (sodium sulfate decahydrate). |
| Laxative (Medical) | Osmotic laxative; Retains water in intestines; Used to treat constipation; Antidote for barium and lead poisoning. |
SECTION 7: MAIN APPLICATION AREAS
| Industry / Application | Function | Typical Use |
|---|---|---|
| Detergents & Cleaning | Filler, bulking agent | Synthetic detergent powders (5-20% of formulation); Improves flow and solubility; Reduces surface tension. |
| Glass Industry | Fining agent, flux | Glass manufacturing; Removes bubbles; Reduces melting temperature; Dosage: 10-15% of batch. |
| Pulp & Paper Industry | Cooking agent | Kraft pulping process; Sodium sulfate is reduced to sulfide; Essential for kraft cooking liquor; Dosage: 20-30% of liquor. |
| Textile Industry | Salting-out agent, coagulant | Dyeing and printing (cotton, wool, silk); Viscose fiber coagulation bath; Improves dye uptake; Dosage: 5-20 g/L. |
| Chemical Industry | Raw material, intermediate | Sodium sulfide production; Sodium silicate production; Other sodium compounds; Chemical synthesis. |
| Pharmaceutical | Laxative, electrolyte | Osmotic laxative (constipation treatment); Electrolyte supplementation; Antidote for barium/lead poisoning; Dosage: 5-15 g (oral). |
| Food Industry | Processing aid | Food processing (various applications); Approved by FDA as food additive; Used in caramel color production; Diluent for food pigments. |
| Laboratory & Research | Analytical reagent | Kjeldahl nitrogen determination; Drying agent; Serum protein examination; Copper determination in steel; Chromatography standard. |
| Metallurgy & Leather | Processing aid | Non-ferrous metallurgy; Leather processing; Tanning and finishing. |
SECTION 8: SAMPLE FORMULATIONS
Detergent Powder Filler Blend:
| Component | Amount |
|---|---|
| Sodium Sulfate (Anhydrous) | 5 – 20% |
| Surfactants | 10 – 20% |
| Builders (Zeolite, Carbonate) | 20 – 40% |
| Other Additives | To 100% |
Instructions: Blend sodium sulfate with other dry ingredients; Ensure uniform distribution; Store in moisture-proof containers.
Viscose Coagulation Bath:
| Component | Amount |
|---|---|
| Sodium Sulfate | 100 – 200 g/L |
| Sulfuric Acid | 50 – 100 g/L |
| Zinc Sulfate | 10 – 30 g/L |
| Water | To 1000 mL |
Instructions: Dissolve sodium sulfate in water; Add sulfuric acid and zinc sulfate; Maintain temperature (45-55°C); Use for rayon fiber spinning.
SECTION 9: QUALITY SPECIFICATIONS
| Parameter | Industrial Grade | Detergent Grade | Pharmaceutical Grade | Analytical Grade | Test Method |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Appearance | White powder | White powder | White powder | White powder | Visual |
| Assay (Na₂SO₄) | ≥ 99.0% | ≥ 99.5% | ≥ 99.5% | ≥ 99.9% | Titrimetric |
| Loss on Drying | ≤ 0.5% | ≤ 0.5% | ≤ 0.3% | ≤ 0.1% | Gravimetric |
| pH (5% Solution) | 5.2 – 8.0 | 5.2 – 8.0 | 5.2 – 8.0 | 5.2 – 8.0 | pH Meter |
| Chloride (Cl) | ≤ 0.01% | ≤ 0.005% | ≤ 0.005% | ≤ 0.001% | Titrimetric |
| Iron (Fe) | ≤ 0.001% | ≤ 0.001% | ≤ 0.0005% | ≤ 0.0002% | AAS / ICP |
| Heavy Metals (as Pb) | ≤ 10 ppm | ≤ 5 ppm | ≤ 5 ppm | ≤ 2 ppm | AAS / ICP |
| Calcium (Ca) | ≤ 0.05% | ≤ 0.02% | ≤ 0.01% | ≤ 0.005% | AAS / ICP |
| Magnesium (Mg) | ≤ 0.05% | ≤ 0.02% | ≤ 0.01% | ≤ 0.005% | AAS / ICP |
SECTION 10: TOXICOLOGICAL PROFILE
| Parameter | Value |
|---|---|
| Acute Oral Toxicity (LD50, Mouse) | ~ 5,989 mg/kg (low toxicity) |
| Acute Oral Toxicity (LD50, Rabbit) | > 2,000 mg/kg (low toxicity) |
| Acute Dermal Toxicity | Non-toxic; Non-irritating |
| Skin Irritation | Non-irritating |
| Eye Irritation | Mildly irritating (dust) |
| Inhalation Toxicity | May cause respiratory irritation (dust) |
| Chronic Toxicity | No significant adverse effects at normal use levels |
| Carcinogenicity | Not classified as carcinogenic |
| Mutagenicity | Not mutagenic |
| Reproductive Toxicity | No reproductive toxicity at normal levels |
| Allergenicity | Low allergenicity |
| Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI) | Not specified (GRAS) |
| Special Toxicity Note | GRAS (Generally Recognized as Safe) by FDA; Low toxicity; Non-toxic at normal use levels; May act as a laxative at high doses; Inhalation of dust may cause respiratory irritation; Generally safe for consumption and industrial use. |
SECTION 11: GHS CLASSIFICATION AND LABELING
GHS Classification (in accordance with CLP and UN GHS):
| Hazard Class | Category | H-Statement |
|---|---|---|
| Not classified as hazardous according to CLP criteria | – | – |
Signal Word: None (Not classified as hazardous)
Hazard Pictograms: None
NFPA 704 Hazard Classification:
| Health | Flammability | Reactivity | Special |
|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | 0 | 0 | - |
| (Minimal health hazard) | (Non-flammable) | (Stable) | (None) |
SECTION 12: PRECAUTIONARY STATEMENTS (P-CODES)
| Code | Statement |
|---|---|
| P264 | Wash hands thoroughly after handling |
| P271 | Use only outdoors or in a well-ventilated area |
| P280 | Wear protective gloves/protective clothing/eye protection/face protection |
| P302+P352 | IF ON SKIN: Wash with plenty of soap and water |
| P304+P340 | IF INHALED: Remove person to fresh air and keep comfortable for breathing |
| P305+P351+P338 | IF IN EYES: Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes. Remove contact lenses if present and continue rinsing |
| P332+P313 | If skin irritation occurs: Get medical advice/attention |
| P337+P313 | If eye irritation persists: Get medical advice/attention |
| P362+P364 | Take off contaminated clothing and wash it before reuse |
| P403+P233 | Store in a well-ventilated place. Keep container tightly closed |
| P501 | Dispose of contents/container in accordance with local/regional/national/international regulations |
SECTION 13: FIRST AID MEASURES
| Exposure Route | Action to Take |
|---|---|
| Inhalation | Remove to fresh air immediately. If respiratory irritation develops, seek medical attention. |
| Skin Contact | Wash with plenty of soap and water. Remove contaminated clothing. If irritation persists, get medical attention. |
| Eye Contact | Rinse immediately with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes. Keep eyelids open. Remove contact lenses if present. If irritation persists, seek medical attention. |
| Ingestion | Rinse mouth. Drink plenty of water. Seek medical attention if large quantities are ingested or if feeling unwell. |
SECTION 14: FIREFIGHTING MEASURES
| Parameter | Information |
|---|---|
| Fire Hazard | Non-flammable. May burn with thick smoke at high temperatures. |
| Hazards Arising from Fire | Thermal decomposition produces sulfur oxides (SOx) and sodium oxides. |
| Suitable Extinguishing Media | Water spray, CO₂, dry chemical powder, foam. |
| Unsuitable Extinguishing Media | None |
| Special Protective Equipment | Self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA), full protective clothing. |
| Special Precautions | Prevent dust from entering sewers and waterways. Avoid dust cloud formation. |
SECTION 15: STORAGE AND SHELF LIFE
| Parameter | Information |
|---|---|
| Storage Conditions | Store in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area; PROTECT FROM MOISTURE; Keep away from direct sunlight. |
| Container Requirements | Tightly closed, moisture-proof containers (PE-lined bags, HDPE containers). |
| Materials to Protect From | Moisture, strong acids, aluminium, magnesium, strong bases |
| Shelf Life | 36 – 60 months (3-5 years) in unopened original packaging, under proper storage conditions. |
| Stability Note | Stable under recommended storage conditions; Hygroscopic (absorbs moisture); May cake if exposed to high humidity; Protect from moisture. |
| Special Storage Requirements | Store in a dry place; Avoid exposure to air and moisture; Opened containers must be resealed immediately; Do not store with food, coal, or cement. |
SECTION 16: PACKAGING OPTIONS
| Packaging Type | Quantity | Material |
|---|---|---|
| PE-Lined Paper Bag | 25 kg, 50 kg | PE-lined kraft paper bag (moisture-proof) |
| Plastic Bag | 5 kg, 10 kg, 25 kg, 50 kg | PE bag (inner-lined, sealed, moisture-proof) |
| Fiber Drum | 20 kg, 25 kg | PE-lined fiberboard drum |
| Plastic Drum | 25 kg, 50 kg | HDPE / Polypropylene (moisture-proof) |
| FIBC / Big Bag | 500 kg, 1000 kg | PE-lined, moisture-resistant PP woven bag |
SECTION 17: TRANSPORT INFORMATION
| Parameter | Information |
|---|---|
| UN Number | Not regulated (non-hazardous) |
| Hazard Class | Not applicable |
| Packing Group | Not applicable |
| ADR/RID | Not regulated |
| IMDG Code | Not regulated (non-hazardous) |
| IATA (Air) | Not regulated (non-hazardous) |
| Marine Pollutant | No |
| Transport Temperature | Ambient temperature; Protect from moisture and heat. |
SECTION 18: REGULATORY STATUS
| Region / Authority | Status |
|---|---|
| European Union | Approved for food and industrial use; REACH registered. |
| USA (TSCA) | Listed (TSCA Inventory) |
| USA (FDA) | GRAS (Generally Recognized as Safe) ; 21 CFR 186.1797; Approved for food use; Approved for paper contact with food (FDA § 186.1771). |
| Turkey | Approved for food, industrial, and pharmaceutical use; Ministry of Agriculture and Health approvals required for specific uses; KKDIK regulation compliance required. |
| EFSA | Approved for food use; No ADI specified. |
| JECFA | Approved; Specifications included; No ADI specified. |
| IARC | Not classified (non-carcinogenic) |
| NTP | Not listed |
| OSHA | Regulated as nuisance dust |
| California (Prop 65) | Not listed |
| Halal | Yes (with certification) |
| Kosher | Yes (with certification) |
| Vegan | Yes (mineral, no animal ingredients) |
SECTION 19: OTHER NAMES AND SYNONYMS
| Type | Name |
|---|---|
| Turkish Names | Sodyum Sülfat, Sodyum Sülfat Susuz, Sodyum Sülfat Anhidrat, Glauber Tuzu (Susuz), Sodyum Sülfat Külü |
| English Names | Sodium Sulfate, Sodium Sulphate, Anhydrous Sodium Sulfate, Disodium Sulfate, Salt Cake, Glauber's Salt (Anhydrous), Bisodium Sulfate, DETERGENT SALT CAKE |
| CAS Number | 7757-82-6 (Primary) / 15124-09-1 (Alternative) |
| EC Number | 231-820-9 |
| HS Code | 2833.11 |
SECTION 20: SUMMARY TABLE
| Parameter | Value |
|---|---|
| Product | Sodium Sulfate (Anhydrous - Na₂SO₄) |
| CAS Number | 7757-82-6 |
| Molecular Formula | Na₂SO₄ |
| Molecular Weight | 142.04 g/mol |
| Appearance | White crystalline powder |
| Density | 2.68 g/cm³ |
| Melting Point | 884°C |
| Solubility in Water (20°C) | 19.5 g/100 mL |
| pH (5% Solution) | 5.2 – 8.0 |
| Primary Functions | Detergent filler, salting-out agent, glass-making, chemical intermediate, laxative |
| Main Application Areas | Detergents, glass, paper, textiles, chemicals, pharmaceuticals, food, laboratory |
| Shelf Life | 36 – 60 months |
| GHS Signal Word | None (Not classified as hazardous) |
| UN Number | Not regulated |
| Special Properties | Essential industrial chemical; Non-toxic; Hygroscopic; GRAS; FDA approved; Inexpensive and abundant; Versatile applications. |
SECTION 21: CRITICAL WARNINGS AND BEST PRACTICES
CRITICAL WARNINGS:
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GRAS Status: FDA GRAS; EFSA approved; Safe for food, pharmaceutical, and industrial use.
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Non-Toxic: Low toxicity; Safe at normal use levels.
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Hygroscopic: Absorbs moisture from air; Store in tightly closed containers.
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Non-Flammable: Stable and non-combustible.
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Bitter/Salty Taste: Used as a laxative at high doses (5-15 g).
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Incompatibilities: Reacts with strong acids, aluminium, magnesium, and strong bases.
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Caking: May cake if exposed to high humidity.
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Abundant: One of the most abundant and inexpensive chemicals globally.
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Versatile: Essential in detergents, glass, paper, textiles, and pharmaceuticals.
BEST PRACTICE RECOMMENDATIONS:
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Detergent Industry: Use as filler and bulking agent; Dosage: 5-20% of formulation; Improves powder flow and solubility; Reduces surface tension.
-
Glass Industry: Use as fining agent and flux; Dosage: 10-15% of batch; Removes bubbles; Reduces melting temperature.
-
Pulp & Paper: Use as cooking agent; Kraft pulping process; Dosage: 20-30% of cooking liquor; Essential for kraft pulp production.
-
Textile Industry: Use as salting-out agent; Dosage: 5-20 g/L; Improves dye uptake; Used in coagulation baths for viscose production.
-
Pharmaceutical: Use as osmotic laxative; Dosage: 5-15 g (oral); Antidote for barium/lead poisoning; Medical supervision recommended.
-
Handling: Use in well-ventilated areas; Avoid dust formation; Use dust masks when handling powder; Use gloves and safety goggles.
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Personal Protective Equipment: Dust mask (N95/FFP2) if dust is generated, safety goggles, chemical-resistant gloves, protective clothing.
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Hygiene: Wash hands thoroughly after handling; Do not eat, drink, or smoke while using; Remove contaminated clothing and wash before reuse.
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Storage: Store in tightly closed, moisture-proof containers; Store in cool, dry, well-ventilated area; Protect from moisture; Opened containers must be resealed immediately; Shelf life: 36-60 months under proper conditions.
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Spill Management: Sweep or vacuum (HEPA) and place in suitable sealed container; Avoid dust formation; Do not allow entry into drains or waterways.
-
Disposal: Dispose of in accordance with local, regional, and national regulations; Non-hazardous waste; Can be dissolved and discharged (check local regulations).
DETECTION METHODS:
| Method | Description | Advantages | Disadvantages |
|---|---|---|---|
| Titrimetric | Barium chloride precipitation | Simple, accurate, standard method | Requires careful technique |
| Gravimetric (Barium Sulfate) | Precipitation and weighing | Accurate for sulfate determination | Time-consuming |
| Ion Chromatography | Quantitative analysis of sulfate | High sensitivity, accurate | High cost, requires expertise |
| AAS / ICP | Sodium and trace element analysis | High sensitivity, accurate | High cost, requires expertise |
| Refractometry | Refractive index measurement | Rapid, simple | Not specific |
| pH Meter | pH of solution | Simple, rapid | Indicative only |
SODIUM SULFATE vs ALTERNATIVES COMPARISON:
| Product | Chemical Name / E Code | Application | Strength | Weakness | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sodium Sulfate (Na₂SO₄) | Salt Cake | Detergents, glass, paper | Cheap, abundant, versatile, GRAS | Hygroscopic, bitter taste | Widely approved |
| Potassium Sulfate (K₂SO₄) | K₂SO₄ | Fertilizer, glass | Potassium source | More expensive | Widely approved |
| Magnesium Sulfate (Epsom Salt) | MgSO₄ | Medicine, fertilizer, food | Safe, laxative | Lower sulfate content | Widely approved |
| Calcium Sulfate (Gypsum) | CaSO₄ | Construction, food | Cheap, abundant | Insoluble | Widely approved |
| Sodium Chloride (NaCl) | NaCl | Food, chemical | Essential, cheap | High sodium | Widely approved |
LEGAL DISCLAIMER:
The information provided in this document is based on our current knowledge and experience and is presented in good faith. However, as all conditions of use are beyond our control, it does not constitute a binding specification or warranty. This Technical Data Sheet is for informational purposes only. Users are responsible for testing the suitability for their own applications and for complying with all local, regional, and national regulations. For complete safety, storage, use, handling, waste, and regulatory compliance information, please refer to the official Safety Data Sheet (SDS/MSDS) provided by the manufacturer/supplier.
