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Send EmailCalcium Nitrate Anhydrous, Nitro Calcite, Calcium Nitrate, Calcium Dinitrate, 10124-37-5
Calcium Nitrate
1. Product Identity
| Property | Details |
|---|---|
| Product Name | Calcium Nitrate Anhydrous |
| CAS Number | 10124-37-5 |
| EC Number | 233-332-1 |
| RTECS Number | EW2985000 |
| Molecular Formula | Ca(NO₃)₂ |
| Molecular Weight | 164.09 g/mol |
| IUPAC Name | Calcium dinitrate |
2. Synonyms and Other Names
| Name | Description |
|---|---|
| Nitro Kalcite | Common name |
| Lime Nitrate | Historical name |
| Nitric Acid, Calcium Salt | Chemical description |
| Calcium Dinitrate | Systematic name |
| Calcium Saltpeter | Agricultural name |
| Norwegian Saltpeter | Historical trade name |
| Norge Saltpeter | Norwegian historical name |
| Norway Saltpeter | English historical name |
| Synfat 1006 | Trade name |
| Nutriox | Trade name |
| Anhydrous | Water-free form |
| Tetrahydrate | Ca(NO₃)₂·4H₂O (hydrated form) |
3. Product Description
Calcium nitrate is an inorganic compound known as the nitrate salt of calcium. It functions as a fertilizer and enters formulations as calcium and nitrate salt. It exists in anhydrous form, tetrahydrate form, and various hydrated forms. It is known as the first commercially available nitrogen fertilizer with high water solubility and hygroscopic properties.
Key Characteristics:
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Inorganic calcium nitrate salt
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Fertilizer function
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Available in anhydrous and tetrahydrate forms
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Hygroscopic structure
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High water solubility
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First commercially introduced nitrogen fertilizer
4. Physical and Chemical Properties
| Property | Value |
|---|---|
| Appearance | Light gray or white granular solid; colorless white crystals |
| Density | 2.50 g/cm³ |
| Melting Point (Anhydrous) | 560 °C |
| Melting Point (Tetrahydrate) | 42.7 °C |
| pH (5% solution) | 6.0 |
| Solubility in Water | High (approximately 120 g/100 mL water) |
| Solubility in Organic Solvents | Good solubility in ethyl alcohol, methyl alcohol, and acetone; soluble in ammonia |
| Oxidizing Property | Strong oxidizing agent |
| Decomposition | When heated, decomposes into nitrogen oxides, calcium oxide, and oxygen |
5. Chemical Forms
| Form | Formula | Characteristics |
|---|---|---|
| Anhydrous | Ca(NO₃)₂ | Composed of calcium and nitrate ions |
| Tetrahydrate | Ca(NO₃)₂·4H₂O | Contains four water molecules per calcium nitrate molecule |
6. Chemical Database Identifiers
| Database | Identifier (Anhydrous) | Identifier (Tetrahydrate) |
|---|---|---|
| ChemSpider ID | 2298372 | 23327 |
| PubChem CID | 24963 | - |
| UNII | - | NF52F38N1N |
7. Applications and Uses
7.1. Agriculture and Fertilizer
| Application | Function |
|---|---|
| Banana Production | Improves soil chemical properties and crop productivity; balances organic nitrogen mineralization |
| Nitrogen Source | Provides nitrogen to plants when soil organic matter is low |
| Calcium Deficiency | Used in soils with calcium deficiency; can be applied through soil irrigation, foliar spraying, or drip systems |
| Cell Wall Development | Supports healthy cell wall formation and root development |
| Fruit Quality | Improves quality of fruits like apples and vegetables like peppers and tomatoes |
Application Dosages:
| Plant Type | Dosage |
|---|---|
| Fruit Trees | 100-150 kg/ha after fruit set |
| Herbaceous Vegetables | 300 kg/ha throughout the season |
| Horticultural Climbers | 300-350 kg/ha throughout the season |
7.2. Hydroponic Systems
| Application | Function |
|---|---|
| Greenhouse Production | Preferred fertilizer in greenhouse and hydroponic systems |
| Granular Form | Applied directly to root environment mixed with water |
| Nutrient Absorption | High solubility enables rapid and effective nutrient absorption |
7.3. Disease Prevention
| Disease | Role |
|---|---|
| Blossom End Rot | Prevents calcium deficiency-related disorders |
| Bitter Pit | Prevents bitter pit in apples |
| Fungal Diseases | Reduces calcium deficiency-related fungal issues |
7.4. Industrial Applications
| Application | Function |
|---|---|
| Pyrotechnics | Used in fireworks production |
| Matches | Used in match manufacturing |
| Explosives | Used in explosive production |
| Concrete Production | Acts as set accelerator; improves concrete quality |
| Latex Production | Coagulant in coolant manufacturing for rubber latex production |
| Corrosion Inhibitor | Used in diesel fuels |
| Heat Transfer Fluid | Alternative to thermal oil |
| Wastewater Treatment | Prevents odor emissions in pre-conditioning of wastewater |
7.5. Energy Applications
| Application | Function |
|---|---|
| Solar Power Plants | Used for energy storage together with potassium nitrate and sodium nitrate |
| Renewable Cold Packs | Thermal energy storage in renewable cold packs; absorbs and releases energy through endothermic reactions |
8. Agricultural Benefits
| Benefit | Description |
|---|---|
| Dual Nutrient Supply | Provides both calcium and nitrogen to plants |
| Quick Absorption | Nitrate form enables rapid nutrient uptake |
| Cell Wall Strengthening | Calcium strengthens cell walls |
| Stress Resistance | Increases resistance to diseases and stress factors |
| Fruit Quality | Improves fruit firmness and quality |
| Shelf Life Extension | Extends shelf life of fruits and vegetables |
| Storage Damage Reduction | Reduces damage during storage and transport |
9. Industrial and Chemical Processes
9.1. Heat Transfer Processes
| Property | Role |
|---|---|
| Endothermic Reactions | Absorbs heat during reactions |
| Melting Point | Tetrahydrate melts at 42.7°C |
| Cooling Applications | Effectively absorbs heat for cooling processes |
| Heating Applications | Can be used in heating processes |
9.2. Latex Production
| Role | Function |
|---|---|
| Catalyst | Nitrate group accelerates chemical reactions |
| Polymerization | Functions as catalyst in latex polymerization |
| Quality Enhancement | Improves latex quality |
| Efficiency | Increases production process efficiency |
10. Safety and Storage
| Parameter | Details |
|---|---|
| Storage Conditions | Store in dry, cool places away from combustible materials |
| Incompatibilities | Keep away from pesticides and other chemicals that may react |
| Stability | Stable under proper storage conditions |
| Oxidizing Classification | Considered an oxidizing agent |
| NFPA 704 | Provides graphical representation of fire, health, and reactivity risks |
10.1. Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS)
| Requirement | Details |
|---|---|
| Compliance | Prepared in compliance with ECHA Infocards |
| Updates | Regularly updated |
| Content | Personal precautions, protective equipment, emergency procedures |
11. Environmental Impact
| Aspect | Description |
|---|---|
| Water Pollution | Excessive use can lead to water pollution and nitrogen imbalance |
| Gas Emissions | Proper dosages minimize odor emissions and hydrogen sulfide production |
| Nitrogen Oxides | Nitrogen oxide gases may be released during nitrogen cycle |
| Greenhouse Effect | May contribute to greenhouse gas effects |
| Nitrate Overload | Excessive application can increase nitrate levels in aquatic ecosystems |
| Anoxic Biology | Can cause anoxic biological changes |
| Iron Hydroxide Deposits | May promote formation of iron hydroxide deposits |
| Groundwater | Can lead to nitrate overload in rural groundwater sources |
12. Production Methods
12.1. Industrial Production
| Parameter | Details |
|---|---|
| Raw Materials | Limestone (CaCO₃) and Nitric Acid (HNO₃) |
| Reaction | CaCO₃ + 2HNO₃ → Ca(NO₃)₂ + CO₂ + H₂O |
| Additional Processing | Ammonia (NH₃) can be added to convert to ammonium nitrate |
12.2. ODDA Process (Historical)
| Parameter | Details |
|---|---|
| Location | Porsgrunn, Norway |
| Year | 1905 |
| Method | Using calcium hydroxide and nitric acid |
| Product | Calcium nitrate tetrahydrate (Ca(NO₃)₂·4H₂O) |
| Significance | Low-cost, efficient production method |
13. Fertilizer Formulations
13.1. Multi-Component Fertilizer Mixtures
| Formulation | Composition | Application |
|---|---|---|
| Formulation I | 5Ca(NO₃)₂·NH₄NO₃·10H₂O | Popular for greenhouse and hydroponic applications |
| Formulation II | Ca(NO₃)₂·4H₂O | Ammonia-free alternative for drier environments |
13.2. Calcium and Potassium Nitrate Mixtures
| Component | Function |
|---|---|
| Calcium (Ca) | Strengthens plant cell walls, improves fruit quality |
| Potassium (K) | Regulates water and nutrient content, increases stress resistance |
14. International Standards and Registrations
| Standard/System | Identifier/Role |
|---|---|
| IUPAC Nomenclature | Calcium nitrate |
| CAS Number | 10124-37-5 |
| ECHA Infocard | Detailed information reference |
| UN Number | For transport safety |
| EC Number | Framework and directives for safe use |
| RTECS Number | Toxicological risk data |
| CHEMBL | Biological effects database |
| ChEBI | Chemical Entities of Biological Interest database |
15. Frequently Asked Questions
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are the benefits of calcium nitrate? | Provides both calcium and nitrogen to plants; strengthens cell walls; increases resistance to diseases and stress factors. |
| What is the price of calcium nitrate fertilizer? | Varies depending on manufacturer, quantity, and market supply-demand. |
| What is the chemical formula of calcium nitrate? | Ca(NO₃)₂; found as tetrahydrate Ca(NO₃)₂·4H₂O in humid environments. |
| Why is calcium nitrate important for plants? | Enables rapid uptake of calcium and nitrogen; positively affects growth and fruit quality; important for fruit and vegetable development and shelf life extension. |
| How is calcium nitrate produced? | Typically produced by reacting calcium-containing materials like calcium ammonium nitrate fertilizer or limestone with nitric acid. |
| What is the role of calcium nitrate in fruit development? | Increases fruit tissue firmness and quality; reduces damage risk during storage and transport; prevents rot and spot formation; increases yield. |
16. Summary
Calcium Nitrate (CAS: 10124-37-5) is an inorganic compound with molecular formula Ca(NO₃)₂ and molecular weight 164.09 g/mol. It exists in anhydrous form and tetrahydrate (Ca(NO₃)₂·4H₂O) form. It appears as light gray or white granular solid or colorless white crystals with hygroscopic properties.
Key Physical Properties:
-
Density: 2.50 g/cm³
-
Melting point (anhydrous): 560°C
-
Melting point (tetrahydrate): 42.7°C
-
pH (5% solution): 6.0
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High water solubility (~120 g/100 mL)
Main Application Areas:
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Agriculture: Fertilizer for nitrogen and calcium supply; disease prevention
-
Hydroponics: Preferred in greenhouse and hydroponic systems
-
Industrial: Pyrotechnics, matches, explosives, concrete, latex production
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Energy: Solar power storage, renewable cold packs
-
Wastewater Treatment: Odor prevention
Synonyms:
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Nitro Kalcite, Lime Nitrate, Calcium Dinitrate, Calcium Saltpeter
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Norwegian Saltpeter, Norge Saltpeter, Norway Saltpeter
-
Synfat 1006, Nutriox
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Anhydrous, Tetrahydrate
Calcium nitrate is a versatile compound with extensive applications in agriculture and industry, valued for its high solubility and dual nutrient supply of calcium and nitrogen.
