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Rhodiola Rosea Root Extract, Arctic Root Extract, Golden Root Extract, Roseroot Extract, 97404-52-9

Rhodiola Rosea Root Extract, Arctic Root Extract, Golden Root Extract, Roseroot Extract, 97404-52-9

RHODIOLA ROSEA ROOT EXTRACT 

1. PRODUCT IDENTIFICATION AND CHEMICAL IDENTITY

Parameter Information
Product Name Rhodiola Rosea Root Extract
Botanical Name Rhodiola rosea L.
CAS Number 97404-52-9
Active Compounds Rosavin, Salidroside, Rosarin, Rosin, Tyrosol
Standardization Typically 3% Rosavin and 1% Salidroside
Extraction Solvent Ethanol / Water (varies by product)
Appearance Brown to yellowish powder
Odor Slightly aromatic, herbal
Physical State (20°C) Solid (powder)

2. BOTANICAL DESCRIPTION AND NATURAL SOURCE

2.1. Plant Description

Rhodiola rosea (also known as Golden Root, Arctic Root) is a perennial plant belonging to the Crassulaceae family, growing in Arctic and mountainous regions. It is naturally found at altitudes of 2000-5000 meters in Siberia, Scandinavia, Iceland, Greenland, and the Himalayas. Traditionally, it has been used in Russia, Scandinavia, and Asia to combat fatigue, stress, and enhance mental performance.

2.2. Active Compounds

Compound Description Biological Activity
Rosavin Phenylpropanoid glycoside Adaptogenic, anti-stress, neuroprotective
Salidroside Phenylethanoid glycoside Adaptogenic, antioxidant, energy-enhancing
Rosarin Phenylpropanoid glycoside Adaptogenic, anti-inflammatory
Rosin Phenylpropanoid glycoside Antioxidant
Tyrosol Phenolic compound Antioxidant, cardioprotective
Cinnamyl Alcohol Phenylpropanoid Adaptogenic

2.3. Chemical Structure

Rosavin (C₂₀H₂₈O₁₀):

        OH
         |
    CH₂ - CH - CH₂OH
         |
    C₆H₁₀O₅ (Glucose)

Salidroside (C₁₄H₂₀O₇):

text

    HO - CH₂ - CH₂ - C₆H₄ - OH
              |
         C₆H₁₁O₆ (Glucose)

3. PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

Property Value / Description
Appearance Brown to yellowish powder
Odor Slightly aromatic, herbal
Taste Slightly bitter, astringent
Purity ≥ 95% herbal extract
Standardization 3% Rosavin, 1% Salidroside (typical)
Solubility Partially soluble in water and ethanol
Moisture Content ≤ 5.0%
Ash Content ≤ 5.0%
Bulk Density ~0.4 – 0.7 g/cm³ (powder)
pH (1% suspension) 4.5 – 6.5
Particle Size 80 mesh (≥ 90%)
Heavy Metals (as Pb) ≤ 10 ppm
Lead (Pb) ≤ 2 ppm
Arsenic (As) ≤ 2 ppm
Mercury (Hg) ≤ 1 ppm
Cadmium (Cd) ≤ 1 ppm
Total Plate Count ≤ 10,000 CFU/g
Salmonella Negative
E. coli Negative
Yeast and Mold ≤ 100 CFU/g
Pesticide Residue Below limits

4. BIOLOGICAL AND FUNCTIONAL PROPERTIES

4.1. Adaptogenic Mechanism of Action

Rhodiola rosea is known for its adaptogenic properties. It increases the body's resistance to physical, chemical, and biological stress factors. The mechanism of action involves modulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, neurotransmitter regulation, and strengthening of antioxidant defense systems.

4.2. Biological Activities

Activity Description
Adaptogenic Increases stress resistance; supports homeostasis
Fatigue Reduction Reduces physical and mental fatigue
Energy Enhancement Improves cellular energy metabolism
Antioxidant Neutralizes free radicals; reduces oxidative stress
Neuroprotective Protects neurons against oxidative damage
Cognitive Support Improves memory, learning, and concentration
Cardiovascular Supports heart function; regulates blood pressure
Anti-inflammatory Reduces inflammatory markers
Anxiolytic Mild anxiety-relieving effects
Antidepressant Reduces mild depressive symptoms

4.3. Rosavin vs Salidroside Comparison

Property Rosavin Salidroside
Chemical Class Phenylpropanoid glycoside Phenylethanoid glycoside
Adaptogenic Activity High High
Antioxidant Capacity Moderate High
Neuroprotective Effect High Moderate
Energy Metabolism Moderate High
Anti-inflammatory High Moderate
Blood-Brain Barrier Crosses Crosses
Bioavailability Good Good

5. CLINICAL STUDIES AND EVIDENCE

5.1. Fatigue and Energy

Study Finding
Physical Fatigue Improvement in exercise performance; reduction in fatigue perception
Mental Fatigue Performance improvement in prolonged mental tasks
Sleep Quality Improved sleep patterns; reduced time to fall asleep

5.2. Stress and Anxiety

Study Finding
Chronic Stress Decrease in cortisol levels; reduction in stress symptoms
Anxiety Reduction in mild anxiety symptoms
Mood Improvement in mood; reduction in depressive symptoms

5.3. Cognitive Function

Study Finding
Memory Improvement in short and long-term memory
Attention Increased attention span and concentration
Learning Improvement in learning speed and information processing

6. APPLICATION AREAS

6.1. Dietary Supplements (Most Important Application)

Application Function Details
Adaptogenic Supplement Stress resistance Increases body's resistance to stress factors
Energy Supplement Physical and mental energy Reduces fatigue; increases endurance
Cognitive Support Memory and focus Improves mental performance
Sports Performance Endurance increase Improves exercise performance and recovery
Stress Management Mood support Reduces stress and anxiety symptoms
Anti-Aging Oxidative stress reduction Slows cellular aging
Sleep Support Sleep quality Supports healthy sleep patterns

6.2. Functional Foods and Beverages

Application Function Details
Energy Drinks Natural energy Fatigue-reducing effect
Functional Bars Energy and endurance Sports nutrition
Healthy Beverages Adaptogenic support Stress management drinks
Herbal Teas Relaxation and energy Adaptogenic herbal teas

6.3. Sports Nutrition

Application Function Details
Pre-Workout Supplements Energy and focus Pre-exercise performance support
Recovery Supplements Fatigue reduction Post-exercise recovery
Endurance Products Performance enhancement For endurance sports

6.4. Cosmetics and Personal Care

Application Function Details
Anti-Aging Creams Oxidative stress reduction Against skin aging
Skin Protectors Stress protection Against environmental stress factors

7. DOSAGE AND USAGE RECOMMENDATIONS

7.1. Standard Dosage

Application Recommended Daily Dosage Note
Adaptogen Support 200 – 600 mg (extract) Standardized extract (3% Rosavin)
Energy and Endurance 300 – 600 mg Sports and performance support
Stress Management 200 – 400 mg For chronic stress conditions
Cognitive Support 200 – 400 mg For mental performance
General Health 200 – 400 mg Daily supplementation

7.2. Active Compound-Based Dosage

Compound Daily Dose
Rosavin 6 – 18 mg
Salidroside 2 – 6 mg

Note: Calculated based on 3% Rosavin, 1% Salidroside standardization. Clinical studies have used 200-600 mg/day. Medical conditions require physician consultation.

8. BIOAVAILABILITY AND METABOLISM

Parameter Information
Oral Bioavailability Moderate (~20-30%)
Absorption Route Passive diffusion from intestine
Plasma Peak Time (Tmax) ~1-2 hours
Elimination Route Renal excretion (urine)
Metabolism Hepatic metabolism; glucuronidation
Tissue Distribution Brain, liver, kidney, heart
Blood-Brain Barrier Penetration Yes (Rosavin and Salidroside)
Half-Life (t½) ~4-6 hours (Rosavin), ~2-4 hours (Salidroside)

9. SAFETY AND TOXICOLOGY

Parameter Value
Acute Oral Toxicity (LD50, Rat) > 5,000 mg/kg (very low toxicity)
Skin Irritation Mild irritant
Eye Irritation Mild irritant
Inhalation Dust may cause respiratory irritation
Carcinogenicity Not classified as a carcinogen
Mutagenicity Not mutagenic
Reproductive Toxicity No effects observed at normal doses
GRAS Status GRAS (Generally Recognized as Safe) - in the US
Tolerability Well tolerated up to 600 mg/day

Overdose Symptoms:

  • Nausea (at high doses)

  • Dizziness

  • Sleep disturbances (at very high doses)

10. GHS CLASSIFICATION

Hazard Class Category H-Statement
No significant hazard classification

Signal Word: None

Hazard Pictograms: None

Hazard Statements: No H-codes

11. PRECAUTIONARY STATEMENTS (P-CODES)

Code Statement
P261 Avoid breathing dust
P264 Wash hands thoroughly after handling
P271 Use only in well-ventilated areas
P280 Wear protective gloves/eye protection/face protection
P304+P340 IF INHALED: Remove person to fresh air and keep comfortable for breathing
P305+P351+P338 IF IN EYES: Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes. Remove contact lenses if present
P337+P313 If eye irritation persists: Get medical advice/attention
P501 Dispose of contents/container in accordance with local regulations

12. FIRST AID MEASURES

Route of Exposure Action to Be Taken
Inhalation Move to fresh air. If symptoms persist, seek medical attention
Skin Contact Wash with plenty of soap and water. Remove contaminated clothing
Eye Contact Rinse thoroughly with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes. Remove contact lenses. If irritation persists, seek medical attention
Ingestion Rinse mouth. Drink plenty of water. If large amount is swallowed, seek medical attention

13. STORAGE AND SHELF LIFE

Parameter Condition
Storage Conditions Store in a cool, dry, light-protected environment
Container Requirements Keep in original packaging, protected from moisture
Light Protection Light-proof packaging recommended
Moisture Protection Keep away from high humidity; silica gel recommended
Temperature Room temperature (15-25°C)
Shelf Life 24 months in unopened original packaging under proper storage conditions
After Opening Reseal tightly; use within 6 months

14. PACKAGING OPTIONS

Packaging Type Quantity Material
Aluminum Foil Bag 1 kg, 5 kg, 10 kg Light-proof, moisture-proof
Fiber Drum 25 kg PE-lined, moisture-proof
Small HDPE Containers 50 g, 100 g, 500 g Moisture-proof, light-proof
Vacuum Packaging Custom sizes Moisture and oxygen barrier

15. TRANSPORT INFORMATION

Parameter Information
UN Number Not applicable (not dangerous goods)
Hazard Class Not applicable
Packing Group Not applicable
ADR/RID Not regulated
IMDG Not regulated
IATA Not regulated
Transport Temperature Ambient; protect from moisture and heat

16. REGULATORY STATUS

Region / Authority Status
USA (FDA) Can be used as dietary supplement ingredient
European Union (EFSA) Not novel food; as traditional herbal product
Turkey Can be used as dietary supplement raw material
Canada Approved as natural health product
Russia Used as traditional medicinal product
China Used in traditional medicine
Sweden As traditional herbal product

17. QUALITY SPECIFICATIONS

Parameter Specification
Rosavin Content ≥ 3.0%
Salidroside Content ≥ 1.0%
Total Rosavins ≥ 3.0%
Extraction Ratio 4:1 – 10:1 (product dependent)
Extraction Solvent Ethanol / Water
Particle Size 80 mesh (>90%)
Moisture Content ≤ 5.0%
Ash Content ≤ 5.0%
Heavy Metals ≤ 10 ppm
Pesticide Residue Below limits
Total Plate Count ≤ 10,000 CFU/g
Salmonella Negative
E. coli Negative
Yeast and Mold ≤ 100 CFU/g

18. OTHER NAMES AND SYNONYMS

  • Rhodiola Rosea Root Extract

  • Arctic Root Extract

  • Golden Root Extract

  • Roseroot Extract

  • Rhodiola Extract

  • Golden Root Extract (Altın Kök Ekstresi)

  • Arctic Root Extract (Kutup Kökü Ekstresi)

  • Rhodiola rosea (INCI)

19. QUICK REFERENCE TABLE

Property Value
CAS Number 97404-52-9
Botanical Name Rhodiola rosea L.
Appearance Brown to yellowish powder
Odor Slightly aromatic, herbal
Standardization 3% Rosavin, 1% Salidroside
Extraction Ratio 4:1 – 10:1
Moisture Content ≤ 5.0%
Ash Content ≤ 5.0%
Shelf Life 24 months
Daily Dosage 200 – 600 mg
FDA Status As dietary supplement
GHS Signal Word None
UN Number Not applicable

20. CRITICAL NOTICES AND BEST PRACTICES

CRITICAL NOTICES:

  1. Standardization: Rosavin and Salidroside content may vary by product. Always verify 3% Rosavin / 1% Salidroside standardization.

  2. Moisture Sensitivity: Botanical extracts are sensitive to moisture. High humidity may cause caking and degradation. Store in moisture-proof packaging.

  3. Light Sensitivity: Active compounds are light-sensitive. Store in light-proof packaging.

  4. Dosage Caution: High doses may cause nausea, dizziness, and sleep disturbances. Use within recommended dosage range.

  5. Onset of Action: Adaptogenic effects typically appear after 2-4 weeks of regular use. Immediate effects should not be expected.

  6. Drug Interactions: May interact with antidepressants, anxiolytics, and blood pressure medications. Consult your physician before use.

  7. Timing: Recommended to take in the morning or afternoon; avoid evening use due to potential effects on sleep.

BEST PRACTICE RECOMMENDATIONS:

Storage:

  • Store in a cool, dry, light-protected environment

  • Use light-proof, moisture-proof packaging

  • Store at room temperature (15-25°C)

  • Reseal tightly after opening

Formulation:

  • Can be used in capsules, tablets, or powder formulations

  • Partially soluble in water and ethanol

  • Can be combined with other adaptogens (Ashwagandha, Panax Ginseng)

  • Combination with B vitamins and Vitamin C for synergistic effects

Handling:

  • Use dust mask, protective goggles, and gloves

  • Avoid dust formation

  • Use in well-ventilated areas

  • Wash hands after handling

Dosage:

  • Daily dose: 200-600 mg (standardized extract)

  • Recommended to take in the morning or afternoon

  • Medical conditions require physician consultation

Waste Management:

  • Dispose in accordance with local regulations

  • Avoid release into the environment

LEGAL DISCLAIMER

This Technical Data Sheet (TDS) is for informational purposes only and is prepared based on available technical data. The user is solely responsible for determining the suitability of the product for their specific application and for complying with all local, national, and international regulations. For complete safety, storage, handling, transport, waste, and regulatory compliance information, the official Safety Data Sheet (SDS/MSDS) provided by the manufacturer/supplier must be consulted. This document does not substitute professional advice. Dosage and application conditions should be optimized through product-specific trials. Regulatory status of Rhodiola Rosea extract may vary by country; verify compliance before use. Medical conditions require consultation with a healthcare professional.

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