Disodium Salt, Pyrroloquinoline Quinone, PQQ Disodium Salt, PQQ, 122628-50-6

DISODIUM SALT (PQQ)

1. PRODUCT IDENTIFICATION AND CHEMICAL IDENTITY

2. CHEMICAL STRUCTURE

2.1. Molecular Structure

Pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ) is a quinone-class compound discovered in 1979, structurally similar to vitamin B3 (niacin). PQQ disodium salt is the sodium-stabilized form of PQQ. The molecule contains a three-ringed quinone structure and functions as a powerful antioxidant cofactor.

Structural Formula:

        O
        ||
    HOOC-C
         |
    HOOC-C - N - C
         |   |   |
         C - C - C
        /     \ / \
       N       C   N
       |       |   |
       C - C - C - C
       |   |       |
       O   HOOC    O
       ||
       O

Molecular Structure Properties:

2.2. Biological Role of PQQ

3. PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

4. STABILITY AND REACTIVITY

5. BIOLOGICAL AND FUNCTIONAL PROPERTIES

5.1. Antioxidant Mechanism

PQQ can perform up to 20,000 redox cycles due to its unique redox properties. This makes it significantly more effective than other known antioxidants (Vitamin C, Vitamin E).

Redox Cycling:

PQQ (oxidized) + 2e⁻ + 2H⁺ → PQQH₂ (reduced)
PQQH₂ (reduced) → PQQ (oxidized) + 2e⁻ + 2H⁺

5.2. Biological Activities

6. APPLICATION AREAS

6.1. Dietary Supplements (Most Important Application)

6.2. Neurological Health Products

6.3. Sports Nutrition and Performance

6.4. Research and Development

7. DOSAGE AND USAGE RECOMMENDATIONS

Note: Medical conditions require physician consultation. In the US and Europe, up to 20 mg/day is common for supplementation.

8. BIOAVAILABILITY AND METABOLISM

9. SAFETY AND TOXICOLOGY

10. GHS CLASSIFICATION

Signal Word: None

Hazard Pictograms: None

Hazard Statements: No H-codes

Environmental Information: No data indicating environmental hazards.

11. PRECAUTIONARY STATEMENTS (P-CODES)

12. FIRST AID MEASURES

13. STORAGE AND SHELF LIFE

14. PACKAGING OPTIONS

15. TRANSPORT INFORMATION

16. REGULATORY STATUS

17. ENVIRONMENTAL INFORMATION

18. OTHER NAMES AND SYNONYMS

• Pyrroloquinoline Quinone Disodium Salt

• PQQ Disodium Salt

• PQQ-Na₂

• Disodium Pyrroloquinoline Quinone

• Methoxatin Disodium Salt

• 4,5-Dihydro-4,5-dioxo-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-f]quinoline-2,7,9-tricarboxylic acid disodium salt

19. QUICK REFERENCE TABLE

20. CRITICAL NOTICES AND BEST PRACTICES

CRITICAL NOTICES:

1. Light Sensitivity: PQQ disodium salt is highly sensitive to light. Rapid degradation occurs when exposed to UV and daylight. Must be stored in light-proof packaging.

2. Moisture Sensitivity: Hygroscopic; caking and degradation may occur in humid environments. Silica gel is recommended.

3. Oxygen Sensitivity: Oxidation may occur with prolonged air contact. Inert gas (nitrogen) storage is recommended.

4. Dosage Caution: High doses may cause gastrointestinal discomfort (nausea, diarrhea). Use within recommended dosage range.

5. Bioavailability: Oral bioavailability is low (~5-10%). Consider bioavailability-enhancing strategies (liposomes, cyclodextrins, etc.) in formulation studies.

6. Drug Interactions: Theoretically may affect the efficacy of some drugs due to antioxidant properties. Clinical studies are limited.

7. Food Applications: Pure PQQ may cause color changes in food products. This should be considered in formulation studies.

BEST PRACTICE RECOMMENDATIONS:

Storage:

• Store in a cool, dry, light-protected environment

• Use light-proof (aluminum foil) packaging

• Use silica gel for moisture protection

• Store under inert gas (nitrogen)

• Store at room temperature (15-25°C)

Formulation:

• Can be used in capsules, tablets, powders, or liquid formulations

• Maintains stability in acidic environments

• Soluble in water, but should not be stored in solution

• Can be combined with other antioxidants (Vitamin C, Vitamin E) for synergistic effects

Handling:

• Use dust mask, protective goggles, and gloves

• Avoid dust formation

• Use in well-ventilated areas

• Wash hands after handling

• Avoid inhalation of powder

Waste Management:

• Dispose in accordance with local regulations

• Avoid release into the environment

Dosage:

• Daily dose: 10-20 mg (general antioxidant supplement)

• High dose: 20-40 mg (mitochondrial support)

• Medical conditions require physician consultation

LEGAL DISCLAIMER

This Technical Data Sheet (TDS) is for informational purposes only and is prepared based on available technical data. The user is solely responsible for determining the suitability of the product for their specific application and for complying with all local, national, and international regulations. For complete safety, storage, handling, transport, waste, and regulatory compliance information, the official Safety Data Sheet (SDS/MSDS) provided by the manufacturer/supplier must be consulted. This document does not substitute professional advice. Dosage and application conditions should be optimized through product-specific trials. Regulatory status of PQQ disodium salt may vary by country; verify compliance before use. For medical use, consultation with a healthcare professional is mandatory.