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Potassium Pyrophosphate, Tetrapotassium Diphosphate, E450(v), TKPP, KTPP, 230-785-7

Potassium Pyrophosphate, Tetrapotassium Diphosphate, E450(v), TKPP, KTPP, 230-785-7

TETRAPOTASSIUM PYROPHOSPHATE (TKPP / KTPP)

Potassium Pyrophosphate / Tetrapotassium Diphosphate

CAS Number: 7320-34-5

E Number: E450(v)

1. IDENTIFICATION

Property Information
Chemical Name Tetrapotassium pyrophosphate
Abbreviations TKPP, KTPP (Note: both refer to the same compound)
Other Names Potassium pyrophosphate, Tetrapotassium diphosphate, Diphosphoric acid tetrapotassium salt
Chemical Formula K₄P₂O₇
Molecular Weight 330.33 g/mol
CAS Number 7320-34-5
EINECS Number 230-785-7
Food Additive Code E450(v)
Appearance White crystalline powder or granules
Odor Odorless

2. PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

Property Value
Appearance White, hygroscopic crystalline powder or granules
Melting Point 1,090 °C (decomposes)
Density (20°C) Approx. 2.33 g/cm³
pH (1% aqueous solution, 20°C) 10.0 – 10.8 (alkaline)
Solubility in Water (20°C) Very high (>200 g/L – freely soluble)
Solubility Insoluble in ethanol
Hygroscopicity Hygroscopic – absorbs moisture from air
Storage Stability Stable under dry conditions; decomposes in strong acids

3. PRODUCT TYPES & GRADES

Type / Grade Description
Food Grade (E450(v)) FCC compliant; used as emulsifier, stabilizer, sequestrant in food
Industrial Grade For detergents, water treatment, metal cleaning
Technical Grade For textile, ceramic, and industrial cleaning applications
TKPP 60% Solution Liquid form for convenient use in industrial processes

4. CHARACTERISTICS & REACTIVITY

  • High Solubility: Extremely high water solubility – much higher than sodium pyrophosphate.

  • Strong Alkaline: Aqueous solutions are strongly alkaline (pH 10.0–10.8).

  • Chelating / Sequestrant: Effectively binds calcium (Ca²⁺), magnesium (Mg²⁺), and other metal ions.

  • Dispersant: Precribes particle aggregation; keeps solids suspended.

  • Emulsifier: Stabilizes oil-in-water emulsions.

  • Hygroscopic: Absorbs moisture from humid air; tends to cake. Must be stored in airtight, dry containers.

  • Buffer: Maintains stable pH in formulations.

  • Incompatibility: Reacts with strong acids (releases phosphoric acid); incompatible with strong oxidizers.

5. APPLICATIONS

Industry Application
Food Industry (E450(v)) Emulsifier, stabilizer, sequestrant, moisture retention agent; used in processed meats, cheeses, seafood, baked goods, beverages
Detergents & Cleaning Water softener (sequesters Ca²⁺/Mg²⁺); builder in liquid and powder detergents; industrial cleaners
Toothpaste Anti-tartar / anti-calculus agent; prevents calcium phosphate crystal formation on teeth
Textile Industry Chelating agent for hard water in dyeing and washing processes; dispersant
Ceramics Deflocculant for ceramic slurries; viscosity control
Metal Treatment Surface cleaning and degreasing; corrosion inhibitor
Water Treatment Scale inhibitor; hardness stabilization
Oil & Gas Drilling fluid additive; scale control

6. FOOD ADDITIVE INFORMATION (E450(v))

Parameter Information
E Number E450(v) (Tetrapotassium diphosphate)
Function Class Emulsifier, stabilizer, sequestrant, acidity regulator, raising agent
Typical Usage Levels 1 – 5 g/kg depending on application
Maximum Usage (EU) Quantum satis (GMP) for most applications; specific limits for certain products
Label Declaration "Potassium pyrophosphate" or "E450(v)"

Common Food Applications:

  • Processed meat and poultry products (water retention)

  • Processed cheese (emulsification)

  • Canned seafood and crustaceans (texture preservation)

  • Bakery products (leavening agent component)

  • Powdered beverage mixes (sequestrant)

7. INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTION PROCESS

Raw Materials:

  • Phosphoric acid (H₃PO₄)

  • Potassium hydroxide (KOH) or Potassium carbonate (K₂CO₃)

Production Steps:

Step Conditions / Description
1. Neutralization Phosphoric acid is neutralized with KOH or K₂CO₃ to form dipotassium hydrogen phosphate (K₂HPO₄)
2. Concentration Solution is concentrated by evaporation
3. Calcination (Condensation) K₂HPO₄ is heated to 300–500 °C to drive off water and form tetrapotassium pyrophosphate: 2 K₂HPO₄ → K₄P₂O₇ + H₂O
4. Cooling & Milling Product is cooled, milled to desired particle size, and packaged

8. SAFETY AND HEALTH INFORMATION (MSDS SUMMARY)

GHS Classification (Typical)

Hazard Class Status
Skin Irritation Category 3 (mild irritation)
Eye Irritation Category 2A (serious eye irritation)
Specific Target Organ Toxicity (single exposure) Not classified

Hazard Statements (H-Codes)

Code Statement
H319 Causes serious eye irritation
H335 May cause respiratory irritation (dust)

Precautionary Statements (P-Codes)

Code Statement
P261 Avoid breathing dust
P280 Wear protective gloves and eye/face protection
P305+P351+P338 IF IN EYES: Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes
P302+P352 IF ON SKIN: Wash with plenty of soap and water

Toxicology

Parameter Value
Oral LD50 (rat) > 2,000 mg/kg (low toxicity)
Dermal LD50 (rabbit) > 4,640 mg/kg
Skin Irritation Mild irritant
Eye Irritation Serious eye irritant (can cause conjunctivitis)

First Aid Measures

Route Action
Inhalation Remove to fresh air. Seek medical attention if irritation persists.
Skin Contact Wash with plenty of water and soap. Remove contaminated clothing.
Eye Contact Rinse immediately with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes. Seek medical attention.
Ingestion Rinse mouth. Drink plenty of water. Do NOT induce vomiting. Seek medical attention.

9. TRANSPORT & STORAGE

Property Information
Packaging 25 kg multi-layer paper bags with PE liner, PP woven bags, or FIBC (big bags), palletized
Storage Conditions Cool, dry, well-ventilated warehouse; protect from moisture and humidity (hygroscopic)
Incompatible Materials Strong acids (reaction), strong oxidizers
Shelf Life 24 months when stored in original unopened packaging under recommended conditions
Transport Classification Not classified as dangerous goods for transport
UN Number Not applicable

10. OTHER NAMES & SYNONYMS

Name Description
Tetrapotassium pyrophosphate Full chemical name (IUPAC preferred)
TKPP Most common industrial abbreviation
KTPP Alternative abbreviation (used interchangeably)
Potassium pyrophosphate Shortened name
Tetrapotassium diphosphate Alternative systematic name
Diphosphoric acid tetrapotassium salt IUPAC systematic name
E450(v) European food additive code
Kaliumpyrophosphat German name

Database Identifiers:

  • CAS: 7320-34-5

  • EINECS: 230-785-7

  • MDL: MFCD00011393

  • RTECS: JL6739500

11. REGULATORY INFORMATION (Summary)

Region Status
European Union Authorized as food additive E450(v) under Regulation (EC) No 1333/2008; REACH registered
USA (FDA) GRAS (Generally Recognized as Safe) for specified uses; 21 CFR §182.5434 (Potassium pyrophosphate)
Turkey Compliant with Turkish Food Codex (TGK) Additives Regulation
China Permitted under GB 2760 standard
Japan Permitted as food additive
JECFA Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI): Not specified (MTDI 70 mg/kg bw as phosphorus from all sources)

12. COMPARISON: K₄P₂O₇ vs K₅P₃O₁₀

Property TKPP (Tetrapotassium Pyrophosphate) KTPP (Potassium Tripolyphosphate)
Formula K₄P₂O₇ K₅P₃O₁₀
CAS Number 7320-34-5 13845-36-8
Molecular Weight 330.33 g/mol 448.42 g/mol
P₂O₅ Content ~43% ~46%
pH (1% solution) 10.0 – 10.8 9.6 – 10.2
Primary Use Detergents, toothpaste, food emulsifier Low-sodium formulations, paints, seafood
E Number E450(v) E450 (as tripolyphosphate)

13. SUMMARY & IMPORTANT NOTES

  • TKPP (Tetrapotassium pyrophosphate, K₄P₂O₇, CAS 7320-34-5) is a highly soluble, alkaline potassium phosphate salt.

  • KTPP and TKPP are used interchangeably as abbreviations for Tetrapotassium pyrophosphate.

  • Do not confuse with Potassium Tripolyphosphate (K₅P₃O₁₀, CAS 13845-36-8) – these are different compounds with different formulas and CAS numbers.

  • TKPP is widely used as a:

    • Water softener in detergents

    • Anti-tartar agent in toothpaste

    • Emulsifier and sequestrant in food (E450(v))

    • Dispersant and deflocculant in ceramics and textiles

  • Hygroscopic – must be stored in dry, airtight packaging.

Important: This TDS is exclusively for Tetrapotassium Pyrophosphate (TKPP / KTPP, CAS 7320-34-5, K₄P₂O₇) . Do not confuse with Potassium Tripolyphosphate (CAS 13845-36-8, K₅P₃O₁₀) . For emergencies or a detailed Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS), contact the manufacturer/supplier.

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