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Zinc Carbonate, Zinc Monocarbonate, Zinc Carbonate Basic, 3486-35-9

Zinc Carbonate, Zinc Monocarbonate, Zinc Carbonate Basic, 3486-35-9

ZINC CARBONATE (ZnCO₃)

PRODUCT IDENTIFICATION INFORMATION

Parameter Information
Product Name Zinc Carbonate
Chemical Name Zinc Carbonate
Synonyms (Turkish) Çinko Karbonat, Çinko Karbonat Tuzu, Bazik Çinko Karbonat
Synonyms (English) Zinc Carbonate, Zinc Monocarbonate, Zinc Carbonate Basic, Zinc Spar, Smithsonite
CAS Number 3486-35-9
EC Number 222-477-6
Molecular Formula ZnCO₃
Molecular Weight 125.39 g/mol
Appearance White to light gray powder
Odor Odorless

CHEMICAL STRUCTURE

Zinc Carbonate Structure:

        O
        ||
Zn²⁺  [O—C—O⁻]

Structure Description:

  • Inorganic salt formed by zinc cation (Zn²⁺) and carbonate anion (CO₃²⁻).

  • White to light gray, odorless powder.

  • Insoluble in water; soluble in acids.

  • Decomposes upon heating to zinc oxide (ZnO) and carbon dioxide (CO₂).

  • Occurs naturally as the mineral smithsonite.

SECTION 1: CHEMICAL IDENTITY AND DESCRIPTION

Parameter Information
Product Name Zinc Carbonate
Chemical Name Zinc Carbonate
Synonyms (Turkish) Çinko Karbonat, Çinko Karbonat Tuzu, Bazik Çinko Karbonat
Synonyms (English) Zinc Carbonate, Zinc Monocarbonate, Zinc Carbonate Basic, Zinc Spar, Smithsonite
CAS Number 3486-35-9
EC Number 222-477-6
Molecular Formula ZnCO₃
Molecular Weight 125.39 g/mol
Chemical Class Inorganic salt; Carbonate; Zinc compound
Source Natural (smithsonite mineral) or synthetic
Physical State (20°C) Solid (powder)
Odor Odorless
Color White to light gray

SECTION 2: PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

Property Value Test Method / Note
Appearance White to light gray powder Visual
Odor Odorless Olfactometric
Molecular Weight 125.39 g/mol Calculated
Density ~4.4 g/cm³ ASTM D4052
Melting Point Decomposes (to ZnO + CO₂) DSC
Decomposition Temperature ~300 – 500°C (depends on grade)
Solubility in Water Insoluble General Method
Solubility in Acids Soluble General Method
Solubility in Ammonia Soluble General Method
pH (Suspension) ~6.5 – 7.5 (neutral) pH Meter
Stability Stable under normal conditions
Zinc Content ~52.0 – 57.0% AAS / ICP
Loss on Ignition ~35.0 – 36.0% (CO₂) Gravimetric
Heavy Metals (as Pb) ≤ 10 ppm AAS / ICP
Arsenic (As) ≤ 2 ppm AAS / ICP
Lead (Pb) ≤ 2 ppm AAS / ICP
Iron (Fe) ≤ 0.05% AAS / ICP
Chloride (Cl) ≤ 0.01% Titrimetric
Sulfate (SO₄) ≤ 0.01% Gravimetric
Assay (ZnCO₃) ≥ 98.0% Titrimetric / ICP

SECTION 3: ZINC CARBONATE vs OTHER ZINC COMPOUNDS

Property Zinc Carbonate (ZnCO₃) Zinc Oxide (ZnO) Zinc Sulfate (ZnSO₄) Zinc Chloride (ZnCl₂)
CAS Number 3486-35-9 1314-13-2 7733-02-0 7646-85-7
Molecular Weight 125.39 g/mol 81.38 g/mol 161.47 g/mol 136.30 g/mol
Zinc Content ~52-57% ~80% ~40% ~48%
Solubility in Water Insoluble Insoluble Soluble Highly soluble
Solubility in Acids Soluble Soluble Soluble Soluble
Decomposition ZnO + CO₂ Stable Stable Stable
pH (1% Solution) ~6.5-7.5 ~7.0-8.0 ~5.0-6.5 ~4.0-5.0
Primary Use Rubber, cosmetics, pigments Rubber, ceramics, sunscreen Fertilizer, medicine Flux, disinfectant

SECTION 4: MECHANISM OF ACTION

Property Description
Rubber Vulcanization Activator Acts as an activator in sulfur vulcanization; Decomposes to ZnO during vulcanization; Promotes cross-linking of rubber polymers; Improves mechanical properties of rubber.
Filler Material Used as a reinforcing filler in rubber compounds; Improves abrasion resistance; Enhances tensile strength; Provides dimensional stability.
Pigment / Opacifier White pigment in coatings and paints; Provides opacity and whiteness; Used in cosmetic formulations (opacifying agent).
Catalyst Precursor Precursor for zinc oxide catalyst production; Used in chemical synthesis; Decomposes to ZnO upon heating.
Nutrient Source Provides zinc for plant growth; Used in agriculture as a micronutrient source; Corrects zinc deficiencies in crops.
Heat Decomposition Decomposes upon heating: ZnCO₃ → ZnO + CO₂; Used as a source of zinc oxide in various applications.

SECTION 5: PRODUCTION PROCESS

Industrial Production Methods:

Method 1: Precipitation from Zinc Salts

Process Flow:
Zinc Sulfate / Zinc Chloride Solution + Sodium Carbonate / Sodium Bicarbonate → Precipitation → Filtration → Washing → Drying → Milling → Final Product

Reaction: ZnSO₄ + Na₂CO₃ → ZnCO₃ + Na₂SO₄

Description: A soluble zinc salt (e.g., zinc sulfate or zinc chloride) is reacted with sodium carbonate or sodium bicarbonate in aqueous solution. Zinc carbonate precipitates out of solution. The precipitate is filtered, washed, dried, and milled to obtain the final product.

Method 2: Direct Carbonation of Zinc Oxide

Process Flow:
Zinc Oxide + Carbon Dioxide → Zinc Carbonate → Filtration → Drying → Final Product

Description: Zinc oxide is reacted with carbon dioxide under controlled conditions to form zinc carbonate.

Method 3: Natural Mineral Extraction

Process Flow:
Smithsonite Ore → Mining → Crushing → Grinding → Purification → Final Product

Description: Natural smithsonite ore is mined, crushed, ground, and purified to obtain zinc carbonate.

SECTION 6: FUNCTIONAL PROPERTIES

Property Description
Vulcanization Activator Activates sulfur vulcanization in rubber compounds; Improves cross-linking efficiency; Enhances mechanical properties of rubber products.
Filler/Reinforcing Agent Provides reinforcement in rubber and plastics; Improves abrasion resistance; Enhances tensile strength and tear resistance.
Opacifier Provides opacity in paints, coatings, and cosmetics; White pigment in formulations; Improves coverage and whiteness.
Catalyst Precursor Precursor for zinc oxide catalysts; Decomposes to ZnO upon heating; Used in chemical synthesis.
Micronutrient Source Provides zinc for plant growth; Used in agricultural formulations; Corrects zinc deficiencies.
Thermal Decomposition Decomposes to ZnO and CO₂; Used as a source of ZnO; Releases CO₂ upon heating.

SECTION 7: MAIN APPLICATION AREAS

Industry / Application Function Typical Use
Rubber Industry Vulcanization activator, filler, reinforcing agent Rubber tires, hoses, belts, shoe soles, seals, gaskets; Dosage: 2 – 10 phr (parts per hundred rubber).
Cosmetics Opacifier, pigment, filler Skin care products, creams, lotions, powders, sunscreens, makeup; Dosage: 0.5 – 5%.
Paints & Coatings Pigment, opacifier White paints, primers, coatings; Improves opacity and whiteness; Dosage: 5 – 15%.
Ceramics & Glass Filler, flux Ceramic glazes, glass formulations; Improves thermal properties.
Agriculture Micronutrient fertilizer Zinc deficiency correction; Soil and foliar applications; Dosage: 5 – 20 kg/ha.
Chemical Industry Catalyst precursor, intermediate Production of zinc oxide catalysts; Chemical synthesis; Zinc compound production.
Animal Feed Mineral supplement Livestock and poultry feed; Zinc supplementation; Dosage: 50 – 200 ppm.

SECTION 8: SAMPLE FORMULATIONS

Rubber Compound (Vulcanization Activator):

Component Amount
Zinc Carbonate 2 – 10 phr
Rubber (Natural/Synthetic) 100 phr
Sulfur 1 – 3 phr
Accelerators As required
Other Fillers (Carbon Black, Silica) As required

Instructions: Mix zinc carbonate with rubber and other ingredients during compounding; Vulcanize at appropriate temperature and pressure.

Cosmetic Cream (Opacifier):

Component Amount
Zinc Carbonate 0.5 – 5%
Emulsifiers As required
Oils (Carrier) As required
Water To 100%
Preservatives, Fragrance As required

Instructions: Disperse zinc carbonate in the oil phase or water phase; Mix with other ingredients; Homogenize; Cool with mixing.

SECTION 9: QUALITY SPECIFICATIONS

Parameter Rubber Grade Cosmetic Grade Agricultural Grade Test Method
Appearance White to light gray powder White powder White powder Visual
Assay (ZnCO₃) ≥ 98.0% ≥ 99.0% ≥ 96.0% Titrimetric / ICP
Zinc Content ~52.0 – 57.0% ~54.0 – 57.0% ~52.0 – 57.0% AAS / ICP
Loss on Ignition 35.0 – 36.0% 35.0 – 36.0% 34.0 – 36.0% Gravimetric
pH (Suspension) 6.5 – 7.5 6.5 – 7.5 6.5 – 7.5 pH Meter
Heavy Metals (as Pb) ≤ 10 ppm ≤ 5 ppm ≤ 10 ppm AAS / ICP
Arsenic (As) ≤ 2 ppm ≤ 1 ppm ≤ 2 ppm AAS / ICP
Lead (Pb) ≤ 2 ppm ≤ 1 ppm ≤ 2 ppm AAS / ICP
Iron (Fe) ≤ 0.05% ≤ 0.01% ≤ 0.05% AAS / ICP
Chloride (Cl) ≤ 0.01% ≤ 0.005% ≤ 0.01% Titrimetric
Sulfate (SO₄) ≤ 0.01% ≤ 0.005% ≤ 0.01% Gravimetric

SECTION 10: TOXICOLOGICAL PROFILE

Parameter Value
Acute Oral Toxicity (LD50, Rat) ~ 5,000 mg/kg (low toxicity)
Acute Dermal Toxicity Low toxicity; May cause mild irritation
Skin Irritation May cause mild irritation
Eye Irritation May cause irritation
Inhalation Toxicity May cause respiratory irritation (dust)
Chronic Toxicity No significant adverse effects at normal use levels
Carcinogenicity Not classified as carcinogenic
Mutagenicity Not mutagenic
Reproductive Toxicity No reproductive toxicity at normal levels
Environmental Toxicity May be harmful to aquatic life at high concentrations
Special Toxicity Note Generally recognized as safe (GRAS) for use in rubber, cosmetics, and agricultural applications; Non-toxic at normal use levels; Inhalation of dust may cause respiratory irritation; Use appropriate personal protective equipment.

SECTION 11: GHS CLASSIFICATION AND LABELING

GHS Classification (in accordance with CLP and UN GHS):

Hazard Class Category H-Statement
Not classified as hazardous according to CLP criteria

Signal Word: None (Not classified as hazardous)

Hazard Pictograms: None

NFPA 704 Hazard Classification:

Health Flammability Reactivity Special
0 0 0 -
(Minimal health hazard) (Non-flammable) (Stable) (None)

SECTION 12: PRECAUTIONARY STATEMENTS (P-CODES)

Code Statement
P264 Wash hands thoroughly after handling
P271 Use only outdoors or in a well-ventilated area
P280 Wear protective gloves/protective clothing/eye protection/face protection
P302+P352 IF ON SKIN: Wash with plenty of soap and water
P304+P340 IF INHALED: Remove person to fresh air and keep comfortable for breathing
P305+P351+P338 IF IN EYES: Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes. Remove contact lenses if present and continue rinsing
P332+P313 If skin irritation occurs: Get medical advice/attention
P337+P313 If eye irritation persists: Get medical advice/attention
P362+P364 Take off contaminated clothing and wash it before reuse
P403+P233 Store in a well-ventilated place. Keep container tightly closed
P501 Dispose of contents/container in accordance with local/regional/national/international regulations

SECTION 13: FIRST AID MEASURES

Exposure Route Action to Take
Inhalation Remove to fresh air immediately. If respiratory irritation develops, seek medical attention.
Skin Contact Wash with plenty of soap and water. Remove contaminated clothing. If irritation persists, get medical attention.
Eye Contact Rinse immediately with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes. Keep eyelids open. Remove contact lenses if present. If irritation persists, seek medical attention.
Ingestion Rinse mouth. Drink plenty of water. Seek medical attention if large quantities are ingested or if feeling unwell.

SECTION 14: FIREFIGHTING MEASURES

Parameter Information
Fire Hazard Non-flammable organic material. May burn with thick smoke at high temperatures.
Hazards Arising from Fire Thermal decomposition produces carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, and zinc oxide fumes.
Suitable Extinguishing Media Water spray, CO₂, dry chemical powder, foam.
Unsuitable Extinguishing Media Water jet (may spread dust)
Special Protective Equipment Self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA), full protective clothing.
Special Precautions Prevent dust from entering sewers and waterways. Avoid dust cloud formation.

SECTION 15: STORAGE AND SHELF LIFE

Parameter Information
Storage Conditions Store in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area; PROTECT FROM MOISTURE; Keep away from direct sunlight.
Container Requirements Tightly closed, moisture-proof containers (PE-lined bags, HDPE containers).
Materials to Protect From Moisture, heat, strong acids
Shelf Life 24 – 48 months (in unopened original packaging, under proper storage conditions).
Stability Note Stable under recommended storage conditions; May absorb moisture if exposed to high humidity; Protect from moisture.
Special Storage Requirements Store in a dry, cool place; Avoid exposure to air and moisture; Opened containers must be resealed immediately.

SECTION 16: PACKAGING OPTIONS

Packaging Type Quantity Material
PE-Lined Paper Bag 10 kg, 20 kg, 25 kg PE-lined kraft paper bag (moisture-proof)
Plastic Bag 5 kg, 10 kg, 25 kg PE bag (inner-lined, sealed, moisture-proof)
Fiber Drum 20 kg, 25 kg PE-lined fiberboard drum
Plastic Drum 25 kg, 50 kg HDPE / Polypropylene (moisture-proof)
FIBC / Big Bag 500 kg, 1000 kg PE-lined, moisture-resistant PP woven bag

SECTION 17: TRANSPORT INFORMATION

Parameter Information
UN Number Not regulated (non-hazardous)
Hazard Class Not applicable
Packing Group Not applicable
ADR/RID Not regulated
IMDG Code Not regulated (non-hazardous)
IATA (Air) Not regulated (non-hazardous)
Marine Pollutant No
Transport Temperature Ambient temperature; Protect from moisture and heat.

SECTION 18: REGULATORY STATUS

Region / Authority Status
European Union REACH registered; Approved for use in rubber, cosmetics, and agricultural applications.
USA (TSCA) Listed (TSCA Inventory)
USA (FDA) Approved for use in cosmetics (CIR approved); Safe for use in rubber articles.
Turkey Approved for use in rubber, cosmetics, and agricultural applications; Ministry of Agriculture approval for agricultural use; KKDIK regulation compliance required.
IARC Not classified (non-carcinogenic)
NTP Not listed
OSHA Regulated as nuisance dust
California (Prop 65) Not listed
Halal Yes (with certification)
Kosher Yes (with certification)
Vegan Yes (mineral, no animal ingredients)

SECTION 19: OTHER NAMES AND SYNONYMS

Type Name
Turkish Names Çinko Karbonat, Çinko Karbonat Tuzu, Bazik Çinko Karbonat
English Names Zinc Carbonate, Zinc Monocarbonate, Zinc Carbonate Basic, Zinc Spar, Smithsonite
CAS Number 3486-35-9
EC Number 222-477-6
HS Code 2836.99

SECTION 20: SUMMARY TABLE

Parameter Value
Product Zinc Carbonate (ZnCO₃)
CAS Number 3486-35-9
Molecular Formula ZnCO₃
Molecular Weight 125.39 g/mol
Appearance White to light gray powder
Density ~4.4 g/cm³
Solubility Insoluble in water; Soluble in acids
Decomposition ZnO + CO₂ (heating)
Primary Functions Vulcanization activator, filler, opacifier, micronutrient
Main Application Areas Rubber, cosmetics, paints, ceramics, agriculture, chemical industry
Shelf Life 24 – 48 months
GHS Signal Word None (Not classified as hazardous)
UN Number Not regulated
Special Properties Non-toxic; Stable; Insoluble in water; Decomposes to ZnO upon heating; Source of zinc; Versatile industrial applications.

SECTION 21: CRITICAL WARNINGS AND BEST PRACTICES

CRITICAL WARNINGS:

  • Non-Toxic: Low toxicity; Safe for use in rubber, cosmetics, and agricultural applications.

  • Insoluble in Water: Not soluble in water; Disperses in water as a suspension.

  • Decomposes on Heating: Decomposes to zinc oxide (ZnO) and carbon dioxide (CO₂) upon heating.

  • Hygroscopic: May absorb moisture; Store in tightly closed containers.

  • Non-Flammable: Stable and non-combustible.

  • Acid Soluble: Dissolves in acids; reacts with acids to release CO₂.

  • Dust Hazard: Inhalation of dust may cause respiratory irritation; Use dust masks.

  • Versatile: Widely used in rubber, cosmetics, paints, and agriculture.

  • Source of Zinc: Provides essential zinc for rubber vulcanization and plant nutrition.


BEST PRACTICE RECOMMENDATIONS:

  • Rubber Industry: Use as vulcanization activator and filler; Dosage: 2-10 phr; Mix with rubber during compounding; Improves cross-linking and mechanical properties.

  • Cosmetics: Use as opacifier and pigment; Dosage: 0.5-5%; Disperse in oil or water phase; Provides opacity and whiteness.

  • Paints & Coatings: Use as pigment and opacifier; Dosage: 5-15%; Provides white color and opacity; Improves coverage.

  • Agriculture: Use as micronutrient fertilizer; Dosage: 5-20 kg/ha; Corrects zinc deficiencies; Soil or foliar application.

  • Handling: Use in well-ventilated areas; Avoid dust formation; Use dust masks (N95/FFP2) when handling powder; Use gloves and safety goggles; Avoid contact with eyes and skin.

  • Personal Protective Equipment: Dust mask (N95/FFP2) if dust is generated, safety goggles, chemical-resistant gloves, protective clothing.

  • Hygiene: Wash hands thoroughly after handling; Do not eat, drink, or smoke while using; Remove contaminated clothing and wash before reuse.

  • Storage: Store in tightly closed, moisture-proof containers; Store in cool, dry, well-ventilated area; Protect from moisture; Opened containers must be resealed immediately; Shelf life: 24-48 months under proper conditions.

  • Spill Management: Sweep or vacuum (HEPA) and place in suitable sealed container; Avoid dust formation; Do not allow entry into drains or waterways.

  • Disposal: Dispose of in accordance with local, regional, and national regulations; Non-hazardous waste; Can be incinerated in compliance with regulations.

DETECTION METHODS:

Method Description Advantages Disadvantages
AAS / ICP Zinc content determination High sensitivity, accurate, specific High cost, requires expertise
Titrimetric Zinc determination by complexometric titration Simple, standard method Requires careful technique
Loss on Ignition CO₂ content determination Simple, standard method Time-consuming
XRD Phase identification Determines crystalline phase High cost, requires expertise
FTIR Functional group identification Fast, non-destructive Requires reference spectra
pH Meter pH of suspension Simple, rapid Indicative only

ZINC CARBONATE vs ALTERNATIVES COMPARISON:

Product Chemical Name / E Code Application Strength Weakness Status
Zinc Carbonate (ZnCO₃) ZnCO₃ Rubber, cosmetics, agriculture Versatile, source of ZnO on heating, insoluble Lower zinc content, insoluble Widely approved
Zinc Oxide (ZnO) ZnO Rubber, ceramics, sunscreen High zinc content, direct use Less reactive as carbonate Widely approved
Zinc Sulfate (ZnSO₄) ZnSO₄ Fertilizer, medicine Soluble, high zinc availability Not for rubber applications Widely approved
Zinc Chloride (ZnCl₂) ZnCl₂ Flux, disinfectant Soluble, zinc source Corrosive Widely approved
Zinc Stearate Zn(C₁₇H₃₅COO)₂ Rubber, cosmetics Lubricant, release agent Lower zinc content Widely approved

LEGAL DISCLAIMER:
The information provided in this document is based on our current knowledge and experience and is presented in good faith. However, as all conditions of use are beyond our control, it does not constitute a binding specification or warranty. This Technical Data Sheet is for informational purposes only. Users are responsible for testing the suitability for their own applications and for complying with all local, regional, and national regulations. For complete safety, storage, use, handling, waste, and regulatory compliance information, please refer to the official Safety Data Sheet (SDS/MSDS) provided by the manufacturer/supplier.

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