Polyaluminum Chloride, Poly Aluminium Chloride, Aluminum Hydroxychloride, PAC Powder, PAC30, 1327-41-9, 101707-17-9

Polyaluminum Chloride, Poly Aluminium Chloride, Aluminum Hydroxychloride, PAC Powder, PAC30, 1327-41-9, 101707-17-9

Poly Aluminium Chloride (PAC) Powder

Chemical Identity

• Formula: Alₙ(OH)ₘCl(3n–m)

• CAS Numbers: 1327-41-9 (most common), 101707-17-9 (alternative)

• EC (EINECS) No: 215-477-2

• Synonyms: Poly Aluminium Chloride, Basic Aluminum Chloride, Aluminum Hydroxychloride, Polymeric Aluminum Chloride, Aluminum Chlorohydrate

• Typical Al₂O₃ Content: 28–31% (powder form)

• Basicity: 40–90%, depending on application

Physical Properties

• Available in powder or liquid form.

• Powder form: higher concentration, longer shelf life.

• Liquid form: easier handling, but more sensitive to storage conditions.

Advantages

• High efficiency at low dosage.

• Effective across a wide pH range (4–9).

• Produces less sludge compared to conventional coagulants.

• Faster floc formation compared to iron or aluminum sulfate.

• Leaves lower residual aluminum in treated water.

Applications

• Drinking water treatment: Turbidity and color removal, reduction of organic matter.

• Wastewater treatment: Removal of suspended solids and organic load in industrial and municipal effluents.

• Paper industry: Acts as a retention aid for fillers and dyes.

• Textile industry: Removes dye residues and chemical contaminants.

• Other industries: Used in food processing water, chemical manufacturing, and metallurgy as a coagulant aid.

Grades of PAC

• Drinking water grade PAC: Low heavy metal content, safe for potable water.

• Industrial grade PAC: Broader application range, not suitable for drinking water.

Usage Guidelines

1. Dosage

• Drinking water: 5–50 mg/L

• Wastewater: 50–200 mg/L

• Industrial processes: 30–150 mg/L

• Dosage must be optimized through jar tests or pilot trials to avoid overdosing or insufficient flocculation.

2. Solution Preparation

• PAC powder should not be added directly to water; prepare a solution first.

• Dissolve PAC slowly in clean water under continuous moderate stirring.

• Allow 30–60 minutes for complete dissolution.

• Recommended solution concentration: 5–10%.

• Use prepared solution within 24–48 hours to maintain effectiveness.

3. Application Method

• Dosing is typically done via balance tanks and dosing pumps.

• Optimum pH for treatment: 6–7.

• Mixing sequence:

  • Rapid mixing for initial floc nucleus formation.

  • Slow mixing for floc growth and settling.

Summary

Poly Aluminium Chloride (PAC) powder is a high-performance inorganic coagulant widely used in water and wastewater treatment, as well as in paper and textile industries. It should be prepared as a 5–10% solution, dosed in the range of 5–200 mg/L depending on water quality, and applied under controlled pH and mixing conditions to achieve optimal flocculation and sedimentation.

Sectoral Applications of Poly Aluminium Chloride (PAC) – Detailed Explanation

1. Drinking Water Treatment

• Objective: Removal of turbidity, color, and organic matter.

• Process: PAC is dosed into raw water at 5–50 mg/L. Rapid mixing disperses the coagulant, followed by slow mixing to allow floc growth.

• Outcome: Formation of dense flocs that settle quickly, producing clear water with reduced residual aluminum compared to alum.

• Advantages: Effective across varying raw water qualities, lower sludge volume, and faster clarification.

2. Municipal and Industrial Wastewater Treatment

• Objective: Reduction of suspended solids, COD/BOD, and heavy metals.

• Process: PAC is applied at 50–200 mg/L depending on pollution load. It destabilizes colloids and aggregates organic matter.

• Outcome: Improved sedimentation, reduced sludge handling costs, and enhanced downstream biological treatment efficiency.

• Applications: Textile dye effluents, food industry wastewater, tannery effluents, and chemical process discharges.

3. Paper Industry

• Objective: Retention of fillers, pigments, and dyes during papermaking.

• Process: PAC acts as a cationic coagulant, binding negatively charged fibers and additives.

• Outcome: Increased retention efficiency, improved paper strength, and reduced chemical losses.

• Advantages: Works synergistically with cationic starch and other retention aids.

4. Textile Industry

• Objective: Removal of dye molecules, surfactants, and finishing chemicals from wastewater.

• Process: PAC is dosed at 30–150 mg/L, often combined with polymers (e.g., cationic polyacrylamide) for enhanced flocculation.

• Outcome: Significant reduction in color, COD, and suspended solids.

• Advantages: Faster floc formation compared to iron salts, lower sludge volume, and better decolorization efficiency.

5. Construction and Concrete Applications (Indirect Use)

• PAC is not a plasticizer or water reducer, but in construction water treatment it plays a role:

  • Clarification of process water used in concrete batching.

  • Treatment of aggregate washing water.

  • Recycling of slurry water in ready-mix plants.

• Outcome: Cleaner process water, reduced environmental discharge, and compliance with regulations.

6. Other Industrial Uses

• Food Industry: Clarification of process water, sugar refining.

• Mining/Metallurgy: Removal of suspended solids and heavy metals from process streams.

• Chemical Industry: Pre-treatment of process water to protect downstream equipment.

Key Notes for Sectoral Application

• Dosage Optimization: Always determined by jar tests or pilot trials.

• Solution Preparation: PAC powder must be dissolved into 5–10% solution before dosing.

• pH Control: Optimum range is 6–7, though PAC works between 4–9.

• Combination with Polymers: Often paired with polyacrylamide (anionic or cationic) to enhance floc strength and settling.

• Sludge Management: PAC generates less sludge compared to alum or ferric salts, reducing disposal costs.

Documents

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• Betakim Poly Aluminium Chloride (PAC) – Solid _ Polialüminyum Klorür (PAC) – Katı TDS_ENG_TR.pdf
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