Betaine Anhydrous, Trimethyl Glycine, Glycine Betaine, 107-43-7

Betaine Anhydrous, Trimethyl Glycine, Glycine Betaine, 107-43-7

Betaine Anhydrous (CAS 107-43-7, also known as Trimethylglycine) is a naturally occurring compound found in beets, spinach, cereals, and seafood. It is widely used as a dietary supplement to support liver function, reduce homocysteine levels, and improve athletic performance. In Türkiye, it is available in sports nutrition products and as a feed additive for poultry and livestock.

Chemical Identity

• Name: Betaine Anhydrous

• Synonyms: Trimethylglycine, Glycine betaine

• CAS Number: 107-43-7

• Molecular Formula: C₅H₁₁NO₂

• Molecular Weight: 117.15 g/mol

• Appearance: White crystalline powder

• Solubility: Highly soluble in water

Biological Role

• Methyl donor: Provides methyl groups for biochemical reactions (homocysteine → methionine conversion).

• Liver support: Helps prevent fatty liver disease and supports detoxification.

• Osmoprotectant: Maintains cellular water balance under stress.

• Sports nutrition: Enhances muscle endurance, strength, and recovery.

Applications

• Pharmaceutical/Medical:

  • FDA-approved product (Cystadane) for treating homocystinuria.

  • Supports cardiovascular health by lowering homocysteine.

• Sports Nutrition:

  • Improves power output and endurance.

  • Commonly included in pre-workout formulas.

• Animal Feed:

  • Used as a feed additive for poultry and swine.

  • Improves nutrient absorption and growth rates.

• Food/Nutraceuticals:

  • Found naturally in beets, spinach, whole grains, seafood, and wine.

  • Added to fortified foods and supplements.

Safety and Side Effects

• Generally safe at recommended doses.

• Possible side effects: Mild gastrointestinal discomfort, nausea, or diarrhea at high doses.

• Precautions: Should not be combined with NSAIDs or corticosteroids due to risk of gastric irritation.

Comparison: Betaine Anhydrous vs Betaine Hydrochloride