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Thulium Triacetate Hydrate, Thulium Acetate Hydrate, 314041‑04‑8

Thulium Triacetate Hydrate, Thulium Acetate Hydrate, 314041‑04‑8

THULIUM ACETATE HYDRATE

1. PRODUCT IDENTIFICATION AND CHEMICAL IDENTITY

Parameter Information
Product Name Thulium Acetate Hydrate
Chemical Name Thulium(III) Acetate Hydrate
Other Names Thulium Triacetate Hydrate, Thulium Acetate Hydrate
CAS Number 314041-04-8
EC Number Not available
HS Code 291529
Molecular Formula Tm(CH₃COO)₃·xH₂O (typically tetrahydrate)
Molecular Weight ~293 g/mol (anhydrous basis)
Purity Greater than or equal to 99 percent (rare earth purity)
Appearance White or slightly pink crystalline solid
Odor Slight acetic acid odor
Physical State (20°C) Solid (crystalline)

2. CHEMICAL STRUCTURE

2.1. Molecular Structure

Thulium acetate hydrate is the acetate salt of thulium. Thulium ions (Tm3+) and acetate ions (CH3COO-) are present in a 1:3 ratio. The compound typically exists as a hydrate with variable water content (usually tetrahydrate). It is hygroscopic and readily absorbs moisture from the air.

Structural Formula:

                    THULIUM ACETATE HYDRATE [Tm(CH3COO)3·xH2O]
                               |
                     Tm3+ - CH3COO- Ionic Bonds
                               |
             +----------------+----------------+
             |                |                |
         Organic Salt       Hygroscopic       Acidic
         Structure          Property          Salt

2.2. Structural Properties

Parameter Value
Oxidation State Tm3+ (Thulium +3)
Molecular Weight ~293 g/mol (anhydrous)
Water Content Variable (typically x = 4)
Appearance White or slightly pink crystalline solid
Density ~2.5–2.7 g/cm3
pH (aqueous solution) Slightly acidic

3. PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

Property Value Description
Appearance White or slightly pink crystalline solid -
Odor Slight acetic acid odor -
Chemical Formula Tm(CH3COO)3·xH2O -
Molecular Weight ~293 g/mol (anhydrous) -
Density ~2.5–2.7 g/cm3 -
Melting Point Decomposes upon heating -
Solubility in Water Soluble -
Solubility in Acetic Acid Soluble -
Solubility in Ethanol Slightly soluble -
Hygroscopicity High Absorbs moisture from air
Stability Stable under normal conditions; sensitive to moisture and light -
pH (aqueous solution) Slightly acidic -
Thermal Decomposition Decomposes to thulium oxide (Tm2O3) -

4. STABILITY AND REACTIVITY

Parameter Information
Chemical Stability Stable under normal conditions
Conditions to Avoid Moisture, high temperature, strong oxidizing agents
Incompatible Materials Strong bases, strong oxidizing agents, reducing agents
Hazardous Decomposition Products Thulium oxide (Tm2O3), carbon dioxide, acetic acid vapors
Hazardous Polymerization Will not occur
Hygroscopicity High; absorbs moisture from air
Photosensitivity Moderate

5.1. Chemical Reactions

Thermal Decomposition:

2Tm(CH3COO)3·xH2O → Tm2O3 + 3CO2↑ + 3CH3COCH3↑ + xH2O↑

Reaction with Alkali:

Tm(CH3COO)3 + 3NaOH → Tm(OH)3↓ + 3CH3COONa

5. APPLICATION AREAS

5.1. Electronics and Photonics

Application Function Details
Laser Crystals Laser medium Tm3+ doped laser crystals for 2 micrometer wavelength lasers
Optical Amplifiers Signal amplification Thulium-doped fiber amplifiers (TDFA) for telecommunications
Infrared Emitters IR source Thulium-based infrared emitting materials
Solid-State Lasers Laser material Tm:YAG, Tm:YLF, and other thulium-doped laser crystals
Phosphors Luminescent material Green-emitting phosphors for display applications
Scintillators Radiation detection Thulium-doped scintillation materials

5.2. Specialty Ceramics and Glass

Application Function Details
Infrared Optics IR transmission Thulium-containing glasses for infrared applications
Luminescent Materials Light emission Thulium-doped luminescent materials
Advanced Ceramics Performance enhancer Specialty ceramic components
Optical Glass Optical additive Enhances optical properties

5.3. Research and Laboratory

Application Function Details
Laboratory Reagent Rare earth research Used as a reagent in rare earth chemistry
Precursor Compound Starting material Synthesis of other thulium compounds
Advanced Materials Research Research material Development of new materials
Catalyst Research Catalyst precursor Various catalytic applications

5.4. Other Applications

Application Function Details
Surface Treatment Coating material Specialty coating applications
Alloy Additive Alloy component Specialty alloy production
Precursor Intermediate Production of other thulium compounds

6. SECTOR SUITABILITY TABLE

Sector / Application Suitability Description
Textile Not Suitable No application area
Food Not Suitable Prohibited in food additives or food contact materials
Cosmetics Not Suitable Prohibited in cosmetic formulations under CLP/REACH
Metal / Surface Treatment Suitable Can be used in specialty alloys and coatings
Ceramics / Glass Suitable Used in advanced ceramics and specialty glass production
Laboratory / Research Suitable Widely used as reagent in rare earth chemistry
Electronics / Optics Suitable Critical use in laser crystals, optical amplifiers, and photonics
Construction Chemicals Not Suitable No application area

7. STORAGE AND SHELF LIFE

Parameter Condition
Storage Conditions Store in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area
Container Requirements Sealed, moisture-proof containers
Light Protection Protect from light
Moisture Protection Store with desiccant; hygroscopic
Temperature Room temperature (15-25 degrees Celsius)
Shelf Life Approximately 2 years under proper conditions
Stability Note Hygroscopic; may absorb moisture if exposed to humid air

8. PACKAGING OPTIONS

Packaging Type Quantity Material
Glass Bottle 10 g, 50 g, 100 g Amber glass with desiccant
Plastic Container 100 g, 500 g, 1 kg HDPE container, moisture-proof
Fiber Drum 5 kg, 10 kg, 25 kg PE-lined, moisture-proof

9. SAFETY AND TOXICOLOGY

Parameter Value
Acute Oral Toxicity (LD50, Rat) Greater than 2,000 mg/kg (low toxicity)
Dermal Toxicity Low
Skin Irritation Mild irritant (H315)
Eye Irritation Mild to severe irritant (H319)
Inhalation Dust may cause respiratory irritation
Carcinogenicity Not classified as a carcinogen
Mutagenicity Not mutagenic
Chronic Effects May cause liver effects at high doses
Environmental Hazards Low to moderate toxicity to aquatic life

10. GHS CLASSIFICATION

Hazard Class Category H-Statement
Skin Irritation Category 2 H315: Causes skin irritation
Eye Irritation Category 2 H319: Causes serious eye irritation

Signal Word: WARNING

Hazard Pictograms: GHS07 (Exclamation Mark)

11. PRECAUTIONARY STATEMENTS (P-CODES)

Code Statement
P261 Avoid breathing dust
P264 Wash hands thoroughly after handling
P271 Use only in well-ventilated areas
P280 Wear protective gloves/eye protection/face protection
P302+P352 IF ON SKIN: Wash with plenty of soap and water
P304+P340 IF INHALED: Remove person to fresh air and keep comfortable for breathing
P305+P351+P338 IF IN EYES: Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes. Remove contact lenses if present
P337+P313 If eye irritation persists: Get medical advice/attention
P501 Dispose of contents/container in accordance with local regulations

12. FIRST AID MEASURES

Route of Exposure Action to Be Taken
Inhalation Move to fresh air. If symptoms persist, seek medical attention
Skin Contact Wash with plenty of soap and water. Remove contaminated clothing
Eye Contact Rinse thoroughly with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes. Remove contact lenses. If irritation persists, seek medical attention
Ingestion Rinse mouth. Drink plenty of water. If large amount is swallowed, seek medical attention

13. REGULATORY STATUS

Region / Authority Status
European Union (REACH) Registration required
Turkey (KKDIK) Compliance required
TSCA (USA) Registered
Food / Cosmetics Not approved

14. OTHER NAMES AND SYNONYMS

  • Thulium(III) Acetate Hydrate

  • Thulium Triacetate Hydrate

  • Thulium Acetate Hydrate

  • Tm(CH3COO)3·xH2O

15. QUICK REFERENCE TABLE

Property Value
CAS Number 314041-04-8
HS Code 291529
Molecular Formula Tm(CH3COO)3·xH2O
Molecular Weight ~293 g/mol (anhydrous)
Appearance White or slightly pink crystalline solid
Density ~2.5–2.7 g/cm3
Water Solubility Soluble
Purity Greater than or equal to 99 percent
Hygroscopicity High
GHS Signal Word WARNING

16. CRITICAL NOTICES AND BEST PRACTICES

CRITICAL NOTICES:

  1. Thulium acetate hydrate is highly hygroscopic. Must be stored in moisture-proof containers with desiccant.

  2. Protect from light to prevent degradation.

  3. Decomposes at high temperatures to thulium oxide.

  4. Causes skin and eye irritation. Use appropriate personal protective equipment.

  5. Dust may cause respiratory irritation. Use in well-ventilated areas.

  6. Primarily used in research, electronics, optics, and photonics applications.

BEST PRACTICE RECOMMENDATIONS:

Storage:

  • Store in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area

  • Use sealed, moisture-proof containers with desiccant

  • Protect from light

  • Store at room temperature (15-25 degrees Celsius)

Handling:

  • Use in well-ventilated areas

  • Use dust mask, protective goggles, and gloves

  • Avoid dust formation

  • Wash hands after handling

  • Immediately reseal container after use

Waste Management:

  • Dispose in accordance with local regulations

  • Consider rare earth recovery for large quantities

LEGAL DISCLAIMER

This Technical Data Sheet (TDS) is for informational purposes only and is prepared based on available technical data. The user is solely responsible for determining the suitability of the product for their specific application and for complying with all local, national, and international regulations. For complete safety, storage, handling, transport, waste, and regulatory compliance information, the official Safety Data Sheet (SDS/MSDS) provided by the manufacturer/supplier must be consulted. This document does not substitute professional advice. Thulium acetate hydrate is a specialty rare earth compound; appropriate precautions must be taken during handling.

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