Thulium Sulfate Hydrate, Thulium Trisulfate Hydrate, 13778‑40‑0

THULIUM SULFATE HYDRATE 

1. PRODUCT IDENTIFICATION AND CHEMICAL IDENTITY

2. CHEMICAL STRUCTURE

2.1. Molecular Structure

Thulium sulfate hydrate is the sulfate salt of thulium. Thulium ions (Tm³⁺) and sulfate ions (SO₄²⁻) are present in a 2:3 ratio. The compound typically exists as a hydrate with variable water content (usually octahydrate). It is hygroscopic and readily absorbs moisture from the air. Thulium salts are characterized by their light pink coloration due to the electronic configuration of the Tm³⁺ ion.

Structural Formula:

                    THULIUM SULFATE HYDRATE [Tm₂(SO₄)₃·xH₂O]
                               |
                     Tm³⁺ - SO₄²⁻ Ionic Bonds
                               |
             +----------------+----------------+
             |                |                |
         Ionic Crystal       Hygroscopic       Acidic
         Structure           Property          Salt

2.2. Structural Properties

3. PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

4. STABILITY AND REACTIVITY

4.1. Chemical Reactions

Thermal Decomposition:

Tm₂(SO₄)₃·xH₂O → Tm₂O₃ + 3SO₃↑ + xH₂O↑

Reaction with Alkali:

Tm₂(SO₄)₃ + 6NaOH → 2Tm(OH)₃↓ + 3Na₂SO₄

Reaction with Phosphate:

Tm₂(SO₄)₃ + 2Na₃PO₄ → 2TmPO₄↓ + 3Na₂SO₄

5. APPLICATION AREAS

5.1. Production of Thulium Compounds (Precursor)

5.2. Optics and Laser Applications

5.3. Electronics and Photonics

5.4. Laboratory and Research

6. SECTOR SUITABILITY TABLE

7. STORAGE AND SHELF LIFE

8. PACKAGING OPTIONS

9. SAFETY AND TOXICOLOGY

10. GHS CLASSIFICATION

Signal Word: WARNING

Hazard Pictograms: GHS07 (Exclamation Mark)

11. PRECAUTIONARY STATEMENTS (P-CODES)

12. FIRST AID MEASURES

13. REGULATORY STATUS

14. OTHER NAMES AND SYNONYMS

• Thulium(III) Sulfate Hydrate

• Thulium Trisulfate Hydrate

• Thulium Sulfate Hydrate

• Tm₂(SO₄)₃·xH₂O

15. QUICK REFERENCE TABLE

16. CRITICAL NOTICES AND BEST PRACTICES

CRITICAL NOTICES:

1. Thulium sulfate hydrate is highly hygroscopic. Must be stored in moisture-proof containers with desiccant.

2. Protect from light to prevent degradation.

3. Decomposes at high temperatures to thulium oxide (Tm₂O₃), releasing sulfur oxides.

4. Causes skin and eye irritation. Use appropriate personal protective equipment.

5. Dust may cause respiratory irritation. Use in well-ventilated areas.

6. Primarily used in research, infrared lasers, optical amplifiers, and photonics applications.

7. Thulium-doped laser crystals (Tm:YAG, Tm:YLF) are critical for 2 µm wavelength laser applications (medical, military, and sensing).

BEST PRACTICE RECOMMENDATIONS:

Storage:

• Store in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area

• Use sealed, moisture-proof containers with desiccant

• Protect from light

• Store at room temperature (15-25°C)

Handling:

• Use in well-ventilated areas

• Use dust mask, protective goggles, and gloves

• Avoid dust formation

• Wash hands after handling

• Immediately reseal container after use

Waste Management:

• Dispose in accordance with local regulations

• Consider rare earth recovery for large quantities

LEGAL DISCLAIMER

This Technical Data Sheet (TDS) is for informational purposes only and is prepared based on available technical data. The user is solely responsible for determining the suitability of the product for their specific application and for complying with all local, national, and international regulations. For complete safety, storage, handling, transport, waste, and regulatory compliance information, the official Safety Data Sheet (SDS/MSDS) provided by the manufacturer/supplier must be consulted. This document does not substitute professional advice. Thulium sulfate hydrate is a specialty rare earth compound; appropriate precautions must be taken during handling.