Serik Sülfat, Seryum Sülfat, Ceric Sulfate, Cerium Sulfate, 13590‑82‑4

Ceric sulfate, Cerium Sulfate, 13590‑82‑4

CERIC SULFATE (CERIUM(IV) SULFATE - ANHYDROUS) 

Chemical Name: Ceric Sulfate / Cerium(IV) Sulfate (Anhydrous)
CAS Number: 13590-82-4
EC Number: 237-297-1
HS Code: 283429

1. PRODUCT IDENTIFICATION AND CHEMICAL IDENTITY

2. CHEMICAL STRUCTURE AND EXPLANATION

Chemical Structure and Bonding:

Ceric Sulfate (Cerium(IV) Sulfate) is an ionic compound composed of one Cerium (Ce⁴⁺) cation and two Sulfate (SO₄²⁻) anions. Cerium is in the +4 oxidation state (tetravalent) in this compound. This is the highest oxidation state of cerium and imparts strong oxidizing properties to the compound. This form is anhydrous (without water of crystallization).

Molecular Formula Representation:

Ce(SO₄)₂

This formula indicates the following structure:

• 1 Cerium ion (Ce⁴⁺): Central metal atom.

• 2 Sulfate groups (SO₄²⁻): Tetrahedral anions.

Crystal Structure and Ionic Arrangement:

In the crystal structure, the Ce⁴⁺ ion is coordinated by oxygen atoms from sulfate groups. Sulfate ions act as bridges between cerium centers, forming a three-dimensional network. Unlike the tetrahydrate form, the anhydrous form contains no water of crystallization and therefore exhibits different thermal behavior and solubility properties.

Simplified Ionic Representation:

        Ce⁴⁺   SO₄²⁻
          \     /
           Ce(SO₄)₂
          /     \
        SO₄²⁻  SO₄²⁻

(An ionic crystal lattice composed of 1 Ce⁴⁺ ion and 2 SO₄²⁻ ions - anhydrous)

Comparison with Tetrahydrate Form:

Structural Properties:

Thermal Decomposition:

Ce(SO₄)₂ → CeO₂ + 2 SO₃ (high temperature, >600°C)

3. PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

Important Physical Notes:

• Ceric Sulfate is recognized by its characteristic light yellow-orange color, which is due to the presence of the Ce⁴⁺ ion.

• Due to its hygroscopic nature, it absorbs moisture from the air and may convert to the tetrahydrate form over time. This requires special packaging and storage conditions.

• The anhydrous form dissolves more slowly in water compared to the tetrahydrate form. Heating or prolonged stirring may be required for complete dissolution.

• It is a strong oxidizing agent and reacts with organic and reducing substances.

• High purity grades (≥ 98%) are available in analytical reagent quality.

4. CHEMICAL PROPERTIES AND REACTIONS

Important Reactions:

1. Thermal Decomposition:

This reaction is used in the production of cerium oxide.

Ce(SO₄)₂ → CeO₂ + 2 SO₃ (high temperature, >600°C)

2. Oxidizing Property (Cerimetry Titrations):

The Ce⁴⁺ ion is used as a strong oxidizer in analytical chemistry:

Ce⁴⁺ + e⁻ → Ce³⁺ (E° ≈ +1.44 V)

This property is utilized in cerimetry titrations (determination of iron, arsenite, oxalate, etc.).

3. Reaction with Reducing Agents:

Ce(SO₄)₂ + 2 FeSO₄ → Ce₂(SO₄)₃ + Fe₂(SO₄)₃

Oxidizes iron(II) ions to iron(III).

4. Hydration (Effect of Moisture):

Ce(SO₄)₂ + 4H₂O → Ce(SO₄)₂·4H₂O

The anhydrous form converts to the tetrahydrate form in humid environments.

5. Reaction with Organic Substances:

Contact with organic substances causes oxidation reactions and may present fire and explosion hazards.

5. APPLICATIONS AND INDUSTRIAL USES

5.1. Analytical Chemistry (Most Important Application)

Ceric Sulfate is used as a standard oxidizing reagent in cerimetry titrations in analytical chemistry. This method is used for the determination of iron, arsenite, oxalate, hydrogen peroxide, and many other reducing substances.

5.2. Organic Synthesis

5.3. Catalyst and Precursor Material

5.4. Metal Surface Treatment

5.5. Electronics and Optical Materials

6. SECTORAL SUITABILITY TABLE

7. SAFETY AND TOXICOLOGY

Safety Precautions:

• Keep away from heat, sparks, and open flames.

• Store separately from combustible materials.

• Avoid dust formation.

• Work in well-ventilated areas.

• Use protective gloves, safety goggles, and dust mask.

• Wash hands thoroughly after handling.

• In case of eye contact, rinse with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes and seek medical attention.

• Avoid contact with organic substances at all times.

8. STORAGE AND HANDLING

9. TRANSPORT AND REGULATORY INFORMATION

10. QUALITY AND PURITY

11. RAW MATERIALS AND DOWNSTREAM PRODUCTS

11.1. Raw Materials (Upstream)

11.2. Downstream Products

12. DIFFERENCES FROM TETRAHYDRATE FORM

13. FIRST AID MEASURES

14. FIREFIGHTING MEASURES

15. ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES

16. SUMMARY AND CRITICAL WARNINGS

SUMMARY:

Ceric Sulfate (Cerium(IV) Sulfate - Anhydrous) (Ce(SO₄)₂, CAS 13590-82-4) is an inorganic salt composed of one Cerium (Ce⁴⁺) and two Sulfate (SO₄²⁻) ions, containing no water of crystallization (anhydrous). It appears as a light yellow-orange crystalline solid, is soluble in water, and is hygroscopic (moisture-absorbing). Unlike the tetrahydrate form, the anhydrous form has lower solubility and is more sensitive to moisture. Upon heating, it thermally decomposes to form cerium oxide (CeO₂) and sulfur oxides.

Its most critical application is as a standard oxidizing reagent in cerimetry titrations in analytical chemistry. It is also used as an oxidizing agent in organic synthesis, as a catalyst precursor in polymerization and fine chemical processes.

Under GHS classification, it is an oxidizer, harmful, and irritant (H272, H302, H315, H319). Due to its strong oxidizing properties, it must be kept away from organic and reducing substances. Due to its hygroscopic nature and the high moisture sensitivity of the anhydrous form, it must be stored in a cool, dry environment in tightly closed packaging. Appropriate Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) must be used during handling to avoid inhalation of dust and contact with skin/eyes.

Key Properties:

CRITICAL WARNINGS:

1. Anhydrous Form and Moisture Sensitivity: Unlike the tetrahydrate form, this product contains no water of crystallization. It is highly sensitive to moisture and rapidly absorbs humidity from the air, converting to the tetrahydrate form (Ce(SO₄)₂·4H₂O). This conversion alters the molecular weight and stoichiometry of the product. Storage and weighing operations must be performed in absolutely dry environments. After opening, the container must be immediately resealed and stored under an inert atmosphere.

2. Low Solubility and Solution Preparation: The anhydrous form has lower solubility in water compared to the tetrahydrate form and dissolves more slowly. When preparing analytical solutions, heating (below decomposition temperature) or prolonged stirring may be required for complete dissolution. This difference must be taken into account during solution preparation.

3. Strong Oxidizing Property: Ceric Sulfate is a strong oxidizing agent. Contact with organic materials, reducing agents, and combustible materials must be strictly avoided. May intensify fire (H272). Therefore, it must be stored separately and away from combustible and reducing materials. Contact with organic solvents presents a fire and explosion risk.

4. Risk of Confusion with Tetrahydrate Form: Both anhydrous (CAS 13590-82-4) and tetrahydrate (CAS 10294-42-5) forms are available on the market. These two forms have different molecular weights, solubility properties, and stoichiometric calculations. The CAS number must be carefully verified when ordering and using the product. Confusion between the two forms will lead to analytical errors and process issues.

5. Thermal Instability: Upon heating, it first loses any absorbed moisture; at higher temperatures (>600°C), it releases toxic sulfur oxides (SO₂, SO₃). Thermal processes should be conducted in well-ventilated areas or under fume hoods.

6. Color and Purity: The light yellow-orange color indicates the presence of Ce⁴⁺ ions. Over time or due to moisture, Ce⁴⁺ ions may be reduced to Ce³⁺, resulting in color fading. This indicates product degradation. High purity (≥ 98%) and low Ce³⁺ content are critical for analytical applications.

7. Dust Control: The powder form can irritate the lungs if inhaled. Dust control measures must be implemented in the work area (closed systems, local exhaust ventilation) and appropriate respiratory protection (dust mask or N95/FFP2) must be used.

8. Aqueous Solution Acidity: Aqueous solutions are acidic due to hydrolysis. Appropriate protective equipment should be used when working with acidic solutions, and base solutions should be available for neutralization.

9. Environmental Precautions: As a water-soluble salt, release into the environment (particularly water sources) must be prevented. Waste solutions must not be discharged into sewers and must be disposed of according to local regulations.

10. Regulatory Compliance: Registration and notification requirements under REACH and KKDİK must be observed. It is classified as Class 5.1 (Oxidizing substance) under ADR/IMDG/IATA, requiring special labeling and documentation during transport. Use in food, cosmetics, and textile sectors is strictly prohibited.

11. Cerimetry Applications: When preparing solutions for analytical titrations, it should be noted that Ce⁴⁺ solutions may degrade (be reduced) over time. Solutions should be prepared fresh or periodically standardized. Solutions prepared from the anhydrous form will have different concentrations than those prepared from the tetrahydrate form.

Disclaimer: This Technical Data Sheet (TDS) is for informational purposes only. The information provided is based on available data and is believed to be accurate. However, the user is solely responsible for determining the suitability of the product for their specific applications and for complying with all applicable regulations and safety requirements. For complete safety, handling, storage, and regulatory compliance information, always refer to the official Safety Data Sheet (SDS/MSDS) provided by the manufacturer/supplier. Users are responsible for testing the product in their own processes and applications. All local, national, and international regulations must be followed when working with Ceric Sulfate (Cerium(IV) Sulfate - Anhydrous).