Indium Nitrate Hydrate,  Indium Trinitrate Hydrate, Indium Nitrate Hexahydrate, 207398‑97‑8

INDIUM NITRATE HYDRATE (INDIUM(III) NITRATE) 

Chemical Name: Indium(III) Nitrate Hydrate
CAS Number: 207398-97-8
EC Number: 237-393-5
UN Number: 1477 (Oxidizing substance)
Customs Tariff Code: 2834.29
HS Code: 283429

1. PRODUCT IDENTIFICATION AND CHEMICAL IDENTITY

CHEMICAL STRUCTURE AND DESCRIPTION:

Indium Nitrate Hydrate (In(NO₃)₃·xH₂O) is the nitrate salt of indium in the +3 oxidation state, containing variable amounts of water of crystallization. It is a white to light cream hygroscopic crystalline solid with high solubility in water and alcohols. Indium nitrate is a strong oxidizer and is classified as hazardous. It is a critical precursor for indium-based materials used in electronics, semiconductors, thin films, and advanced ceramics.

Structural Features:

• Hydrated form (variable water content)

• High water solubility

• White to light cream appearance

• Hygroscopic

• Strong oxidizing properties

• Photosensitive

2. PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

Indium Nitrate Hydrate is a white to light cream, hygroscopic crystalline solid with a molecular weight of 300.83 g/mol on an anhydrous basis. It is highly soluble in water, methanol, and ethanol. The compound is a strong oxidizer and must be stored away from combustible materials. It is light sensitive and hygroscopic.

3. SOLUBILITY PROFILE

Indium Nitrate is highly soluble in water, methanol, and ethanol. This property makes it an ideal precursor for aqueous processing, sol-gel synthesis, and various material preparation applications.

4. CHEMICAL PROPERTIES AND REACTIONS

Indium Nitrate is a strong oxidizer that can support combustion when in contact with combustible materials. Upon heating, it decomposes to indium oxide (In₂O₃) with the release of nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) and oxygen. It hydrolyzes in water to give an acidic solution. It reacts with alkalis to form indium hydroxide precipitates.

Key Chemical Reactions:

Synthesis (Acid Dissolution):
In₂O₃ + 6HNO₃ → 2In(NO₃)₃ + 3H₂O

Thermal Decomposition:
4In(NO₃)₃ → 2In₂O₃ + 12NO₂↑ + 3O₂↑

Hydroxide Precipitation:
In(NO₃)₃ + 3NaOH → In(OH)₃ ↓ + 3NaNO₃

Sulfide Precipitation:
2In(NO₃)₃ + 3Na₂S → In₂S₃ ↓ + 6NaNO₃

5. SPECIFICATIONS (HIGH PURITY)

Indium Nitrate Hydrate is available in high purity grades (99.9% - 99.999%) for electronic, semiconductor, and research applications.

6. APPLICATIONS AND INDUSTRIAL USES

6.1. Electronics and Semiconductors (Most Important Application)

Indium Nitrate is a critical precursor for indium-based electronic materials, particularly Indium Tin Oxide (ITO) for transparent conductive coatings used in displays, touchscreens, and solar cells. It is also used in semiconductor research and quantum dot synthesis.

6.2. Catalyst and Chemical Synthesis

6.3. Advanced Ceramics and Glass

6.4. Research and Laboratory Applications

7. SECTOR SUITABILITY TABLE

8. COMMON NAMES

• Indium nitrate

• Indium(III) nitrate

• Indium trinitrate hydrate

• Indium nitrate hexahydrate

• In(NO₃)₃

• Indium salt

9. PRODUCTION PROCESS

Reaction Equation:
In₂O₃ + 6HNO₃ → 2In(NO₃)₃ + 3H₂O
or
In + 4HNO₃ → In(NO₃)₃ + NO↑ + 2H₂O

Production Types: High purity grades (99.9% - 99.999%)

Major Producing Countries: China, Japan, South Korea, USA

Commercial Purity: 99.9% to 99.999%

10. SAFETY AND TOXICOLOGY

SPECIAL WARNINGS: Indium Nitrate is classified as a strong oxidizer (UN 1477) . It may intensify fire when in contact with combustible materials. Harmful if swallowed, in contact with skin, or inhaled . Indium compounds may cause lung damage (indium lung disease) with chronic exposure. Strict handling precautions are required.

11. TRANSPORT INFORMATION

Indium Nitrate is classified as an oxidizing substance (UN 1477) . Transport must be conducted away from combustible and flammable materials.

12. REGULATORY INFORMATION

Indium Nitrate is registered in all major industrial markets. KKDİK registration is required for use in Turkey.

13. STORAGE AND HANDLING

Handling Notes:

• CRITICAL: This compound is a strong oxidizer (UN 1477). Keep away from combustible materials.

• Use only in well-ventilated areas with local exhaust ventilation (fume hood)

• Wear appropriate PPE: gloves, safety goggles, protective clothing, dust mask

• Avoid dust formation and inhalation

• Avoid skin and eye contact

• Wash hands thoroughly after handling

• Keep away from combustible materials, reducing agents, and organic substances

• Store in airtight containers away from moisture and light

• Handle in dry conditions (hygroscopic)

• Protect from light

14. FIRE-FIGHTING MEASURES

Indium Nitrate is not flammable but is a strong oxidizer that may intensify fire when in contact with combustible materials. Thermal decomposition may release toxic nitrogen oxides. Firefighters should use SCBA and full protective clothing.

15. ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES

In case of spillage, appropriate personal protective equipment must be worn. Due to its oxidizing nature, avoid contact with combustible materials. Clean up using dry methods.

16. FIRST AID MEASURES

Special Notes:

• Indium compounds may cause lung damage with chronic exposure (indium lung disease)

• Medical personnel should be informed about indium compound exposure

• In case of ingestion, do not induce vomiting due to possible aspiration risk

17. RAW MATERIALS AND DOWNSTREAM PRODUCTS

17.1. Raw Materials (Upstream)

17.2. Downstream Products

18. QUALITY CONTROL PARAMETERS

19. SUMMARY AND CRITICAL WARNINGS

SUMMARY:

Indium Nitrate Hydrate (In(NO₃)₃·xH₂O, CAS 207398-97-8) is a white to light cream, hygroscopic crystalline solid with a molecular weight of 300.83 g/mol on an anhydrous basis. It is highly soluble in water, methanol, and ethanol. Thermal decomposition yields indium oxide (In₂O₃). The compound is light sensitive and hygroscopic.

Its most important application is as a critical precursor for indium-based electronic materials, particularly Indium Tin Oxide (ITO) for transparent conductive coatings used in displays, touchscreens, and solar cells. It is also used in semiconductor materials, thin film deposition, catalyst synthesis, and as a laboratory reagent for research.

The compound is classified as a strong oxidizer (UN 1477) . It may intensify fire when in contact with combustible materials. Harmful if swallowed, in contact with skin, or inhaled . Indium compounds may cause lung damage with chronic exposure (indium lung disease) . Due to its hygroscopic and light-sensitive nature, it must be stored in airtight, light-protected containers away from combustible materials. Shelf life is approximately 2 years under proper storage conditions.

Key Properties:

Major Application Areas:

Key Safety Points:

• OXIDIZER: UN 1477, Class 5.1, Packing Group II

• OXIDIZER: H272 (May intensify fire; oxidizer)

• HARMFUL: H302+H312+H332 (Harmful if swallowed, in contact with skin, or inhaled)

• HYGROSCOPIC: Must be stored in airtight containers

• PHOTOSENSITIVE: Protect from light

• STORAGE: Cool, dry, away from combustibles

• PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT: Gloves, safety goggles, dust mask

CRITICAL WARNINGS:

1. STRONG OXIDIZER (UN 1477): Indium Nitrate is classified as a strong oxidizer (UN 1477). It may intensify fire when in contact with combustible materials. Store separately from reducing agents, organic substances, and flammable materials.

2. LUNG TOXICITY: Indium compounds may cause lung damage with chronic exposure (indium lung disease, pulmonary fibrosis). Inhalation exposure must be strictly controlled. Use respiratory protection (P3 mask) when handling powders.

3. ELECTRONIC APPLICATIONS: Indium Nitrate is a critical precursor for ITO (Indium Tin Oxide) used in displays, touchscreens, solar cells, and other electronic devices. High purity is essential for these applications.

4. HYGROSCOPIC: Indium Nitrate is hygroscopic and absorbs moisture from air. It must be stored in airtight containers and handled in dry conditions.

5. PHOTOSENSITIVE: The compound is light sensitive. Store in light-protected containers and handle away from direct light.

6. HIGH SOLUBILITY: With excellent water and alcohol solubility, Indium Nitrate is ideal for solution-based processing, sol-gel synthesis, and thin film deposition.

7. CUSTOMS CLASSIFICATION: The correct customs tariff code is 2834.29 (HS Code: 283429).

8. REGULATORY COMPLIANCE: REACH, KKDİK, and TSCA registration requirements apply. Not permitted for food, cosmetic, or pharmaceutical applications.

9. FIRE SAFETY: In case of fire, use water spray, CO₂, or dry chemical powder. Fire may release toxic nitrogen oxide fumes. Firefighters should use SCBA and full protective clothing.

10. INDUM SUPPLY: Indium is a critical raw material with limited supply and recycling challenges. Its compounds are considered strategic materials for electronics and renewable energy applications.

Important Disclaimer: This Technical Data Sheet (TDS) is for informational purposes only. The information provided is based on available data and is believed to be accurate. However, the user is solely responsible for determining the suitability of the product for their specific applications and for complying with all applicable regulations and safety requirements. For complete safety, handling, storage, and regulatory compliance information, always refer to the official Safety Data Sheet (SDS/MSDS) provided by the manufacturer/supplier. Users are responsible for testing the product in their own processes and applications. All local, national, and international regulations must be followed when working with Indium Nitrate. Due to its oxidizing nature, hygroscopicity, photosensitivity, and potential lung toxicity, a detailed risk assessment and handling procedure must be established prior to use. This material is strictly for industrial and research use only.