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Send EmailSamarium Carbonate, Samarium Triscarbonate, 5895-47-6
SAMARIUM CARBONATE (SAMARIUM(III) CARBONATE)
Chemical Name: Samarium(III) Carbonate / Samarium Triscarbonate
CAS Number: 5895-47-6
EC Number: Not commonly listed
UN Number: 3077 (Environmentally hazardous substance)
Customs Tariff Code: 2836.99.00.00
1. PRODUCT IDENTIFICATION AND CHEMICAL IDENTITY
| Parameter | Description |
|---|---|
| Chemical Name (IUPAC) | Samarium(III) carbonate |
| Other Names | Samarium Carbonate, Samarium Triscarbonate, Sm₂(CO₃)₃ |
| CAS Number | 5895-47-6 |
| EC Number (EINECS) | Not commonly listed |
| Molecular Formula | Sm₂(CO₃)₃ |
| Molecular Weight | ~496.5 g/mol |
| Chemical Class | Inorganic carbonate / Rare earth metal carbonate |
| Appearance | White crystalline powder |
| Odor | Odorless |
| Crystal Structure | Hydrated forms exist |
CHEMICAL STRUCTURE AND DESCRIPTION:
Samarium Carbonate (Sm₂(CO₃)₃) is the carbonate salt of samarium in the +3 oxidation state. It is a white, crystalline powder that is insoluble in water but readily dissolves in acids. Samarium is a lanthanide element with characteristic optical properties, particularly in the orange-red emission region. Samarium Carbonate is a key precursor for samarium oxide (Sm₂O₃) production and is used in catalyst preparation, phosphors, and electronic applications.
Structural Features:
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Insoluble in water
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Readily dissolves in acids
-
White crystalline appearance
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Thermal decomposition yields Sm₂O₃
-
Key precursor for samarium compounds
2. PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
| Property | Value |
|---|---|
| Molecular Formula | Sm₂(CO₃)₃ |
| Molecular Weight | ~496.5 g/mol |
| Appearance | White crystalline powder |
| Odor | Odorless |
| Density | ~4.6 g/cm³ |
| Melting Point | Not distinct; decomposes on heating |
| Decomposition Temperature | ~300-600°C (to Sm₂O₃) |
| Solubility in Water | Insoluble |
| Solubility in Acids | Soluble |
| Solubility in Organic Solvents | Insoluble |
| Hygroscopicity | Slightly hygroscopic |
| Thermal Decomposition | Sm₂(CO₃)₃ → Sm₂O₃ + 3CO₂↑ |
| Optical Properties | Orange-red emission (phosphors) |
Samarium Carbonate is a white, odorless, crystalline powder with a density of approximately 4.6 g/cm³. It is insoluble in water but readily dissolves in acids. Upon heating, it decomposes to samarium oxide (Sm₂O₃) with the release of carbon dioxide (CO₂). It is a key precursor for samarium-based materials used in catalysis, phosphors, and optical applications.
3. SOLUBILITY PROFILE
| Solvent | Solubility | Conditions |
|---|---|---|
| Water | Insoluble | All temperatures |
| Dilute Acids | Soluble | Forms Sm³⁺ salts |
| Hydrochloric Acid | Soluble | SmCl₃ formation |
| Nitric Acid | Soluble | Sm(NO₃)₃ formation |
| Sulfuric Acid | Soluble | Sm₂(SO₄)₃ formation |
| Organic Solvents | Insoluble | - |
| Carbonate Solutions | Slightly soluble | Complex formation |
Samarium Carbonate is insoluble in water and organic solvents. It readily dissolves in dilute acids, forming the corresponding samarium(III) salts. This solubility profile makes it useful as a precursor for various samarium compounds.
4. CHEMICAL PROPERTIES AND REACTIONS
| Property | Description |
|---|---|
| Chemical Class | Inorganic carbonate / Rare earth metal carbonate |
| Oxidation State | Sm³⁺ (+3) |
| Thermal Decomposition | Sm₂(CO₃)₃ → Sm₂O₃ + 3CO₂↑ (300-600°C) |
| Acid Dissolution | Dissolves in acids forming Sm³⁺ salts |
| Precipitation | Forms insoluble carbonates from Sm³⁺ solutions |
| Hydrolysis | Slight hydrolysis in aqueous suspensions |
| Complex Formation | Forms complexes with various ligands |
Samarium Carbonate is a typical rare earth carbonate. Upon heating, it decomposes to samarium oxide (Sm₂O₃) with the release of carbon dioxide. It readily dissolves in acids to form samarium salts and is a key precursor for various samarium compounds.
Key Chemical Reactions:
Thermal Decomposition:
Sm₂(CO₃)₃ → Sm₂O₃ + 3CO₂↑ (300-600°C)
Acid Dissolution:
Sm₂(CO₃)₃ + 6HCl → 2SmCl₃ + 3CO₂↑ + 3H₂O
Precipitation Reaction:
2Sm³⁺ + 3CO₃²⁻ → Sm₂(CO₃)₃ ↓
Conversion to Oxide via Hydroxide:
Sm₂(CO₃)₃ + 6NaOH → 2Sm(OH)₃ + 3Na₂CO₃
5. SPECIFICATIONS (TECHNICAL AND HIGH PURITY)
| Parameter | Technical Grade | High Purity |
|---|---|---|
| Purity (Sm₂(CO₃)₃) | ≥ 99.0% | ≥ 99.9% - 99.99% |
| Appearance | White powder | White crystalline powder |
| Rare Earth Impurities | ≤ 0.5% | ≤ 0.01% - 0.001% |
| Iron (Fe) | ≤ 0.01% | ≤ 0.001% |
| Calcium (Ca) | ≤ 0.01% | ≤ 0.001% |
| Magnesium (Mg) | ≤ 0.01% | ≤ 0.001% |
| Sodium (Na) | ≤ 0.05% | ≤ 0.01% |
| Chloride (Cl) | ≤ 0.01% | ≤ 0.005% |
| Sulfate (SO₄) | ≤ 0.01% | ≤ 0.005% |
| Loss on Ignition | ~30-35% | ~30-35% |
| Shelf Life | ~2 years | ~2 years |
Samarium Carbonate is available in various grades from technical (≥ 99%) to high purity (≥ 99.99%). High purity grades are essential for optical, phosphor, and electronic applications.
6. APPLICATIONS AND INDUSTRIAL USES
6.1. Samarium Oxide (Sm₂O₃) Production (Most Important Application)
| Application | Description |
|---|---|
| Primary Precursor | Thermal decomposition yields high-purity Sm₂O₃ |
| Catalyst Precursor | Used in catalyst preparation |
| Ceramic Materials | Used in advanced ceramic production |
Samarium Carbonate is the primary precursor for samarium oxide (Sm₂O₃) production. Upon heating, it decomposes to Sm₂O₃, which is used in catalysts, ceramics, and optical applications.
6.2. Phosphors and Optical Applications
| Application | Description |
|---|---|
| Orange-Red Phosphors | Critical for orange-red emitting phosphor systems |
| Optical Glasses | Used in specialty glass formulations |
| Laser Materials | Used in laser optical components |
| Fluorescent Materials | Used in phosphor synthesis |
| Display Technologies | Used in screen and display phosphors |
Samarium compounds are essential for orange-red emitting phosphors used in lighting, displays, and optical applications.
6.3. Electronics and Vacuum Systems
| Application | Description |
|---|---|
| Sputtering Targets | Precursor for Sm₂O₃ sputtering targets |
| Thin Film Coatings | Used in vacuum deposition systems |
| Electronic Materials | Used in specialty electronic applications |
6.4. Catalyst Applications
| Application | Description |
|---|---|
| Catalyst Precursor | Precursor for samarium-based catalysts |
| Petrochemical | Used in certain catalytic processes |
| Chemical Synthesis | Used in catalytic applications |
6.5. Nanotechnology
| Application | Description |
|---|---|
| Sm₂O₃ Nanoparticles | Source material for Sm₂O₃ nanoparticle production |
| Nanomaterials | Used in advanced nanomaterial synthesis |
6.6. Defense and Specialty Optics
| Application | Description |
|---|---|
| Laser Optics | Used in precision laser systems |
| Optical Filters | Used in specialized filter systems |
| Spectroscopic Systems | Used in defense and spectroscopy applications |
7. ALTERNATIVE / EQUIVALENT PRODUCTS
| Product | Description | Preference Reason |
|---|---|---|
| Samarium Oxide (Sm₂O₃) | Direct use in ceramics and phosphors | Already oxidized form |
| Samarium Hydroxide (Sm(OH)₃) | Alternative precursor for Sm₂O₃ | Different decomposition pathway |
| Lanthanide Carbonates (La₂(CO₃)₃, Ce₂(CO₃)₃) | Similar rare earth carbonate functions | Different optical properties |
| Europium Carbonate (Eu₂(CO₃)₃) | Alternative for phosphor applications | Different emission characteristics |
8. SECTOR SUITABILITY TABLE
| Sector / Application | Suitability | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Catalysts | Suitable | Precursor for Sm₂O₃ catalyst production |
| Optics & Phosphors | Suitable | Critical for orange-red emission phosphor systems |
| Electronics | Suitable | Vacuum systems and sputtering targets |
| Nanotechnology | Suitable | Source for Sm₂O₃ nanoparticle production |
| Defense | Suitable | Laser optics and filter systems |
| Cosmetics | Not Suitable | Direct use not recommended |
| Food & Pharmaceuticals | Prohibited | Not permitted due to carbonate structure |
9. COMMON NAMES
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Samarium carbonate
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White carbonate powder
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Phosphor additive
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Samarium salt
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Samarium triscarbonate
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Rare earth carbonate
10. PRODUCTION PROCESS
| Stage | Description |
|---|---|
| Starting Material | Samarium-containing rare earth solutions or salts |
| Purification | Purification of samarium salt solution |
| Precipitation | Carbonate precipitation with sodium carbonate or ammonium bicarbonate |
| Reaction | 2Sm³⁺ + 3CO₃²⁻ → Sm₂(CO₃)₃ ↓ |
| Filtration | Separation of precipitate from mother liquor |
| Washing | Washing to remove impurities |
| Drying | Drying at 100-150°C |
| Grinding | Grinding to desired particle size |
| Packaging | Packaging |
Reaction Equation:
2Sm³⁺ + 3CO₃²⁻ → Sm₂(CO₃)₃ ↓
or
2SmCl₃ + 3Na₂CO₃ → Sm₂(CO₃)₃ + 6NaCl
Production Types: Technical and high purity grades
Major Producing Countries: China, India, United States
Commercial Purity: Ranges from 99% to 99.99%
11. SAFETY AND TOXICOLOGY
| Parameter | Value |
|---|---|
| GHS Classification | GHS07 (Warning) |
| Hazard Statements | H315 (Skin irritation), H319 (Serious eye irritation), H335 (Respiratory tract irritation) |
| Precautionary Statements | P261, P280, P302+P352, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338 |
| Signal Word | Warning |
| UN Number | 3077 (Environmentally hazardous substance) |
| Carcinogenicity | Not classified |
| Reproductive Toxicity | Not classified |
| Ecotoxicity | Low to moderate aquatic toxicity |
SPECIAL WARNINGS: Samarium Carbonate may cause skin irritation, serious eye irritation, and respiratory tract irritation. It is classified as an environmentally hazardous substance under UN 3077. Environmental release must be prevented.
12. TRANSPORT INFORMATION
| Parameter | Information |
|---|---|
| UN Number | 3077 (Environmentally hazardous substance) |
| Hazard Class | 9 |
| Packing Group | III |
| Proper Shipping Name | Environmentally hazardous substance, solid, n.o.s. (Samarium carbonate) |
| Marine Pollutant | Yes |
| ADR/RID Label | 9 |
Samarium Carbonate is classified as an environmentally hazardous substance under UN 3077.
13. REGULATORY INFORMATION
| Region | Status |
|---|---|
| EU | REACH registered |
| Turkey (KKDİK) | Mandatory compliance; registration required |
| USA (TSCA) | Listed |
| Customs Tariff Code | 2836.99.00.00 |
| Other Codes | - |
Samarium Carbonate is registered in all major industrial markets. KKDİK registration is required for use in Turkey.
14. STORAGE AND HANDLING
| Parameter | Information |
|---|---|
| Storage Conditions | Cool, dry, well-ventilated area |
| Container Requirements | Tightly closed containers |
| Materials to Avoid | Strong acids, moisture |
| Shelf Life | ~2 years (under proper storage) |
| Hygroscopicity | Slightly hygroscopic |
| Packaging Options | 100 g, 500 g, 1 kg, 5 kg, 25 kg |
Handling Notes:
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Avoid dust formation and inhalation
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Avoid skin and eye contact (use protective gloves and safety goggles)
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Use in well-ventilated areas
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Keep away from acids
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Prevent environmental release
15. FIRE-FIGHTING MEASURES
| Parameter | Information |
|---|---|
| Fire Hazard | Not flammable |
| Extinguishing Media | Water spray, CO₂, dry chemical powder |
| Special Hazards | Thermal decomposition releases CO₂ |
| Protective Equipment | Self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA), full protective clothing |
| Decomposition Products | Samarium oxides, CO₂ |
Samarium Carbonate is not flammable. Thermal decomposition may release CO₂.
16. ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES
| Parameter | Information |
|---|---|
| Personal Protection | Wear appropriate PPE (dust mask, safety goggles, protective clothing, gloves) |
| Ventilation | Increase ventilation |
| Containment | Prevent dust dispersion; contain spill |
| Cleaning Methods | Carefully sweep or vacuum; place in appropriate disposal container |
| Environmental Precautions | Prevent entry into drains, sewers, and water bodies |
| Waste Disposal | Dispose according to local regulations |
In case of spillage, appropriate personal protective equipment must be worn. Environmental release must be prevented.
17. FIRST AID MEASURES
| Exposure Route | Action |
|---|---|
| Inhalation | Move person to fresh air. If respiratory irritation persists, seek medical attention. |
| Skin Contact | Wash with plenty of water and soap; remove contaminated clothing. If irritation persists, seek medical attention. |
| Eye Contact | Rinse immediately with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes. Remove contact lenses if present. Seek medical attention. |
| Ingestion | Rinse mouth with water. Do NOT induce vomiting. Seek medical attention. |
18. RAW MATERIALS AND DOWNSTREAM PRODUCTS
18.1. Raw Materials (Upstream)
| Raw Material | Description |
|---|---|
| Monazite Sand | Rare earth ore containing samarium |
| Bastnäsite | Rare earth carbonate mineral |
| Samarium Chloride (SmCl₃) | Starting material for precipitation |
| Samarium Nitrate (Sm(NO₃)₃) | Alternative starting material |
| Sodium Carbonate (Na₂CO₃) | Precipitation agent |
18.2. Downstream Products
| Product | Application |
|---|---|
| Samarium Oxide (Sm₂O₃) | Catalysts, ceramics, phosphors |
| Samarium-doped Phosphors | Orange-red emission, lighting, displays |
| Samarium Metals | Alloys, magnets |
| Samarium-based Catalysts | Chemical synthesis, petrochemicals |
| Samarium Compounds | Various specialty applications |
19. QUALITY CONTROL PARAMETERS
| Parameter | Analytical Method | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Purity | Titration / ICP | Complexometric titration or ICP analysis |
| Samarium Content | Gravimetric / ICP | Determined as Sm₂O₃ |
| Carbonate Content | Gravimetric | CO₂ determination |
| Rare Earth Impurities | ICP-MS / ICP-OES | Detection of other lanthanides |
| Metal Impurities | ICP-MS / ICP-OES | Fe, Ca, Mg, Na, Zn, Cu, etc. |
| Loss on Ignition | Gravimetric | Calcination to Sm₂O₃ |
| Appearance | Visual | White powder |
| Particle Size | Laser Diffraction | Particle size distribution |
20. SUMMARY AND CRITICAL WARNINGS
SUMMARY:
Samarium Carbonate (Sm₂(CO₃)₃, CAS 5895-47-6) is a white, crystalline powder with a molecular weight of approximately 496.5 g/mol and density of ~4.6 g/cm³. It is insoluble in water but readily dissolves in acids. Thermal decomposition yields samarium oxide (Sm₂O₃) with the release of CO₂.
Its most important application is as a precursor for samarium oxide (Sm₂O₃) used in catalysts, ceramics, and phosphors. Samarium compounds are critical for orange-red emitting phosphors used in lighting, displays, and optical applications. It is also used in electronic applications, nanotechnology, and defense optics.
The compound is classified as an environmentally hazardous substance under UN 3077. It may cause skin, eye, and respiratory tract irritation. Storage should be in cool, dry, well-ventilated areas away from acids. Shelf life is approximately 2 years under proper storage conditions.
Key Properties:
| Property | Value |
|---|---|
| Appearance | White crystalline powder |
| Chemical Formula | Sm₂(CO₃)₃ |
| Molecular Weight | ~496.5 g/mol |
| CAS Number | 5895-47-6 |
| Density | ~4.6 g/cm³ |
| Decomposition Temperature | ~300-600°C (to Sm₂O₃) |
| Water Solubility | Insoluble |
| Primary Use | Sm₂O₃ precursor, phosphors |
Major Application Areas:
| Sector | Applications |
|---|---|
| Catalysts | Sm₂O₃ catalyst production |
| Optics & Phosphors | Orange-red emission phosphors |
| Electronics | Sputtering targets, thin films |
| Nanotechnology | Sm₂O₃ nanoparticles |
| Defense | Laser optics, optical filters |
Key Safety Points:
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ENVIRONMENTALLY HAZARDOUS: UN 3077
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IRRITANT: Skin, eye, and respiratory tract irritation
-
STORAGE: Cool, dry, well-ventilated, away from acids
-
PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT: Gloves, safety goggles, dust mask
Important Disclaimer: This Technical Data Sheet (TDS) is for informational purposes only. The information provided is based on available data and is believed to be accurate. However, the user is solely responsible for determining the suitability of the product for their specific applications and for complying with all applicable regulations and safety requirements. For complete safety, handling, storage, and regulatory compliance information, always refer to the official Safety Data Sheet (SDS/MSDS) provided by the manufacturer/supplier. All local, national, and international regulations must be followed when working with Samarium Carbonate.
