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Send EmailPraseodymium Carbonate, Praseodymium Tricarbonate, 14948-62-0
PRASEODYMIUM CARBONATE (PRASEODYMIUM(III) CARBONATE)
Chemical Name: Praseodymium(III) Carbonate
CAS Number: 14948-62-0
EC Number: 239-001-2
UN Number: 3077 (Environmentally hazardous substance)
Customs Tariff Code: 2836.99.00.00
1. PRODUCT IDENTIFICATION AND CHEMICAL IDENTITY
| Parameter | Description |
|---|---|
| Chemical Name (IUPAC) | Praseodymium(III) carbonate |
| Other Names | Praseodymium Carbonate, Praseodymium Tricarbonate, Pr₂(CO₃)₃ |
| CAS Number | 14948-62-0 |
| EC Number (EINECS) | 239-001-2 |
| Molecular Formula | Pr₂(CO₃)₃ |
| Molecular Weight | ~457.84 g/mol |
| Chemical Class | Inorganic carbonate / Rare earth metal carbonate |
| Appearance | Greenish-yellow crystalline powder (characteristic color of praseodymium compounds) |
| Odor | Odorless |
| Density | ~4.0 g/cm³ |
| Crystal Structure | Hydrated forms may exist |
CHEMICAL STRUCTURE AND DESCRIPTION:
Praseodymium Carbonate (Pr₂(CO₃)₃) is the carbonate salt of praseodymium in the +3 oxidation state. It is a greenish-yellow, water-insoluble powder that readily dissolves in acids. Praseodymium is a light lanthanide element with characteristic optical properties, including its distinctive greenish-yellow color. Praseodymium compounds are used in catalysts, optical glass production, and as dopants in various materials. Praseodymium Carbonate is a key precursor for praseodymium oxide (Pr₂O₃) production and is used in catalytic converters, optical applications, and nanotechnology.
Structural Features:
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Insoluble in water
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Readily dissolves in acids
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Greenish-yellow crystalline appearance
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Thermal decomposition yields Pr₂O₃
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Key precursor for praseodymium-based materials
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Characteristic color of praseodymium compounds
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Variable hydration states
2. PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
| Property | Value |
|---|---|
| Molecular Formula | Pr₂(CO₃)₃ |
| Molecular Weight | ~457.84 g/mol |
| Appearance | Greenish-yellow crystalline powder |
| Odor | Odorless |
| Density | ~4.0 g/cm³ |
| Melting Point | Not distinct; decomposes on heating |
| Decomposition Temperature | ~300-700°C (to Pr₂O₃) |
| Solubility in Water | Insoluble |
| Solubility in Acids | Soluble |
| Solubility in Organic Solvents | Insoluble |
| Hygroscopicity | Not established |
| Thermal Decomposition | Pr₂(CO₃)₃ → Pr₂O₃ + 3CO₂↑ |
| Optical Properties | UV transmittance control |
| Magnetic Properties | Paramagnetic |
Praseodymium Carbonate is a greenish-yellow, odorless, crystalline powder with a density of approximately 4.0 g/cm³. It is insoluble in water but readily dissolves in acids. Upon heating, it decomposes to praseodymium oxide (Pr₂O₃) with the release of carbon dioxide (CO₂). Praseodymium compounds are known for their characteristic color and optical properties.
3. SOLUBILITY PROFILE
| Solvent | Solubility | Conditions |
|---|---|---|
| Water | Insoluble | All temperatures |
| Dilute Acids | Soluble | Forms Pr³⁺ salts |
| Hydrochloric Acid | Soluble | PrCl₃ formation |
| Nitric Acid | Soluble | Pr(NO₃)₃ formation |
| Sulfuric Acid | Soluble | Pr₂(SO₄)₃ formation |
| Organic Solvents | Insoluble | - |
Praseodymium Carbonate is insoluble in water and organic solvents. It readily dissolves in dilute acids, forming the corresponding praseodymium(III) salts. This solubility profile makes it useful as a precursor for various praseodymium compounds.
4. CHEMICAL PROPERTIES AND REACTIONS
| Property | Description |
|---|---|
| Chemical Class | Inorganic carbonate / Rare earth metal carbonate |
| Oxidation State | Pr³⁺ (+3) |
| Thermal Decomposition | Pr₂(CO₃)₃ → Pr₂O₃ + 3CO₂↑ (~300-700°C) |
| Acid Dissolution | Dissolves in acids forming Pr³⁺ salts |
| Precipitation | Forms insoluble carbonates from Pr³⁺ solutions |
| Hydrolysis | Negligible in aqueous suspensions |
| Complex Formation | Forms complexes with various ligands |
| Redox Properties | Pr³⁺/Pr⁴⁺ redox couple possible |
Praseodymium Carbonate is a typical rare earth carbonate. Upon heating, it decomposes to praseodymium oxide (Pr₂O₃). It readily dissolves in acids to form praseodymium salts and is an important precursor for various praseodymium compounds used in catalytic and optical applications. Praseodymium can exist in both +3 and +4 oxidation states.
Key Chemical Reactions:
Thermal Decomposition:
Pr₂(CO₃)₃ → Pr₂O₃ + 3CO₂↑ (~300-700°C)
Acid Dissolution:
Pr₂(CO₃)₃ + 6HCl → 2PrCl₃ + 3CO₂↑ + 3H₂O
Precipitation Reaction:
2Pr³⁺ + 3CO₃²⁻ → Pr₂(CO₃)₃ ↓
5. SPECIFICATIONS (TECHNICAL AND HIGH PURITY)
| Parameter | Technical Grade | High Purity |
|---|---|---|
| Purity (Pr₂(CO₃)₃) | ≥ 99.0% | ≥ 99.9% - 99.99% |
| Appearance | Greenish-yellow powder | Greenish-yellow crystalline powder |
| Rare Earth Impurities | ≤ 0.5% | ≤ 0.01% - 0.001% |
| Iron (Fe) | ≤ 0.01% | ≤ 0.001% |
| Calcium (Ca) | ≤ 0.01% | ≤ 0.001% |
| Magnesium (Mg) | ≤ 0.01% | ≤ 0.001% |
| Sodium (Na) | ≤ 0.05% | ≤ 0.01% |
| Chloride (Cl) | ≤ 0.01% | ≤ 0.005% |
| Sulfate (SO₄) | ≤ 0.01% | ≤ 0.005% |
| Loss on Ignition | ~30-35% | ~30-35% |
| Shelf Life | ~2 years | ~2 years |
Praseodymium Carbonate is available in various grades from technical (≥ 99%) to high purity (≥ 99.99%). High purity grades are essential for optical, catalytic, and electronic applications.
6. APPLICATIONS AND INDUSTRIAL USES
6.1. Praseodymium Oxide (Pr₂O₃) Production (Most Important Application)
| Application | Description |
|---|---|
| Primary Precursor | Thermal decomposition yields high-purity Pr₂O₃ |
| Catalyst Precursor | Used in catalytic converter production |
| Ceramic Material | Used in advanced ceramic production |
| Optical Precursor | Used in optical material production |
Praseodymium Carbonate is the primary precursor for praseodymium oxide (Pr₂O₃) production. Upon heating, it decomposes to Pr₂O₃, which is essential for catalysts, optical glasses, and ceramic applications.
6.2. Catalyst Applications (Critical Application)
| Application | Description |
|---|---|
| Catalytic Converters | Used in automotive emissions control catalysts |
| Chemical Catalysts | Used in various chemical synthesis processes |
| Petrochemical | Used in certain catalytic processes |
| Three-Way Catalysts | Used in automotive catalyst systems |
Praseodymium compounds are used in catalytic converters and various chemical catalysts. Praseodymium oxide is an important component in automotive emissions control systems.
6.3. Optical and Glass Applications
| Application | Description |
|---|---|
| Optical Glass Production | UV transmittance control and refractive index stabilization |
| Glass Coloring | Used for yellow-green coloration in specialty glasses |
| Optical Filters | Used in precision filter systems |
| Laser Materials | Used in certain laser systems |
| Optical Coatings | Used in specialty optical applications |
Praseodymium is used in optical glass production for UV transmittance control and refractive index stabilization. Praseodymium-doped glasses exhibit characteristic yellow-green coloration.
6.4. Electronics and Vacuum Systems
| Application | Description |
|---|---|
| Sputtering Targets | Precursor for Pr₂O₃ sputtering targets |
| Thin Film Coatings | Used in vacuum deposition systems |
| Electronic Materials | Used in specialty electronic applications |
| Semiconductor Doping | Used as a dopant in semiconductor systems |
6.5. Nanotechnology
| Application | Description |
|---|---|
| Pr₂O₃ Nanoparticles | Source material for Pr₂O₃ nanoparticle production |
| Nanomaterials | Used in advanced nanomaterial synthesis |
| Catalytic Nanomaterials | Used in nanocatalyst applications |
6.6. Defense and Specialty Optics
| Application | Description |
|---|---|
| Laser Optics | Used in precision laser systems |
| Optical Filters | Used in specialized filter systems |
| Spectroscopic Systems | Used in defense and spectroscopy applications |
7. ALTERNATIVE / EQUIVALENT PRODUCTS
| Product | Description | Preference Reason |
|---|---|---|
| Praseodymium Oxide (Pr₂O₃) | Direct use in catalysts and optics | Already oxidized form |
| Praseodymium Hydroxide (Pr(OH)₃) | Alternative precursor for Pr₂O₃ | Different decomposition pathway |
| Praseodymium Nitrate (Pr(NO₃)₃) | Soluble praseodymium source | Water-soluble, easy processing |
| Praseodymium Chloride (PrCl₃) | Alternative soluble form | Water-soluble, different anion |
| Cerium Carbonate (Ce₂(CO₃)₃) | Alternative for optical and catalyst applications | Different optical properties |
| Neodymium Carbonate (Nd₂(CO₃)₃) | Similar optical and catalyst functions | Different optical properties |
8. SECTOR SUITABILITY TABLE
| Sector / Application | Suitability | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Catalysts | Critical | Pr₂O₃ catalyst production precursor |
| Optics & Lasers | Suitable | Glass and filter systems |
| Electronics | Suitable | Vacuum systems and semiconductor doping |
| Nanotechnology | Suitable | Pr₂O₃ nanoparticle production source |
| Defense | Suitable | Laser optics and filter systems |
| Cosmetics | Not Suitable | Direct use not recommended |
| Food & Pharmaceuticals | Prohibited | Not permitted due to carbonate structure |
9. COMMON NAMES
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Praseodymium carbonate
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Greenish-yellow carbonate powder
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Optical additive
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Praseodymium salt
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Praseodymium tricarbonate
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Rare earth carbonate
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Catalyst precursor carbonate
10. PRODUCTION PROCESS
| Stage | Description |
|---|---|
| Starting Material | Praseodymium-containing rare earth solutions or ores |
| Purification | Purification of praseodymium salt solution |
| Precipitation | Carbonate precipitation with sodium carbonate or ammonium bicarbonate |
| Reaction | 2Pr³⁺ + 3CO₃²⁻ → Pr₂(CO₃)₃ ↓ |
| Filtration | Separation of precipitate from mother liquor |
| Washing | Washing to remove impurities |
| Drying | Drying at 100-150°C |
| Grinding | Grinding to desired particle size |
| Packaging | Packaging |
Reaction Equation:
2PrCl₃ + 3Na₂CO₃ → Pr₂(CO₃)₃ + 6NaCl
Production Types: Technical and high purity grades
Major Producing Countries: China, India, United States
Commercial Purity: Ranges from 99% to 99.99%
11. SAFETY AND TOXICOLOGY
| Parameter | Value |
|---|---|
| GHS Classification | GHS07 (Warning) |
| Hazard Statements | H315 (Skin irritation), H319 (Serious eye irritation), H335 (Respiratory tract irritation) |
| Precautionary Statements | P261, P280, P302+P352, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338 |
| Signal Word | Warning |
| UN Number | 3077 (Environmentally hazardous substance) |
| Carcinogenicity | Not classified |
| Reproductive Toxicity | Not classified |
| Ecotoxicity | Low to moderate aquatic toxicity |
SPECIAL WARNINGS: Praseodymium Carbonate may cause skin irritation, serious eye irritation, and respiratory tract irritation. It is classified as an environmentally hazardous substance under UN 3077. Environmental release must be prevented. Praseodymium compounds are generally considered of low toxicity but should be handled with appropriate precautions.
12. TRANSPORT INFORMATION
| Parameter | Information |
|---|---|
| UN Number | 3077 (Environmentally hazardous substance) |
| Hazard Class | 9 |
| Packing Group | III |
| Proper Shipping Name | Environmentally hazardous substance, solid, n.o.s. (Praseodymium carbonate) |
| Marine Pollutant | Yes |
| ADR/RID Label | 9 |
Praseodymium Carbonate is classified as an environmentally hazardous substance under UN 3077.
13. REGULATORY INFORMATION
| Region | Status |
|---|---|
| EU | REACH registered |
| Turkey (KKDİK) | Mandatory compliance; registration required |
| USA (TSCA) | Listed |
| EINECS | 239-001-2 |
| Customs Tariff Code | 2836.99.00.00 |
Praseodymium Carbonate is registered in all major industrial markets. KKDİK registration is required for use in Turkey.
14. STORAGE AND HANDLING
| Parameter | Information |
|---|---|
| Storage Conditions | Cool, dry, well-ventilated area |
| Container Requirements | Tightly closed containers |
| Materials to Avoid | Strong acids, moisture |
| Shelf Life | ~2 years (under proper storage) |
| Hygroscopicity | Not established |
| Packaging Options | 100 g, 500 g, 1 kg, 5 kg, 25 kg |
Handling Notes:
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Avoid dust formation and inhalation
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Avoid skin and eye contact (use protective gloves and safety goggles)
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Use in well-ventilated areas
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Keep away from acids
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Prevent environmental release
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Store in cool, dry, well-ventilated area
15. FIRE-FIGHTING MEASURES
| Parameter | Information |
|---|---|
| Fire Hazard | Not flammable |
| Extinguishing Media | Water spray, CO₂, dry chemical powder |
| Special Hazards | Thermal decomposition releases CO₂ |
| Protective Equipment | Self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA), full protective clothing |
| Decomposition Products | Praseodymium oxides, CO₂ |
Praseodymium Carbonate is not flammable. Thermal decomposition may release CO₂.
16. ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES
| Parameter | Information |
|---|---|
| Personal Protection | Wear appropriate PPE (dust mask, safety goggles, protective clothing, gloves) |
| Ventilation | Increase ventilation |
| Containment | Prevent dust dispersion; contain spill |
| Cleaning Methods | Carefully sweep or vacuum; place in appropriate disposal container |
| Environmental Precautions | Prevent entry into drains, sewers, and water bodies |
| Waste Disposal | Dispose according to local regulations |
In case of spillage, appropriate personal protective equipment must be worn. Environmental release must be prevented.
17. FIRST AID MEASURES
| Exposure Route | Action |
|---|---|
| Inhalation | Move person to fresh air. If respiratory irritation persists, seek medical attention. |
| Skin Contact | Wash with plenty of water and soap; remove contaminated clothing. If irritation persists, seek medical attention. |
| Eye Contact | Rinse immediately with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes. Remove contact lenses if present. Seek medical attention. |
| Ingestion | Rinse mouth with water. Do NOT induce vomiting. Seek medical attention. |
18. RAW MATERIALS AND DOWNSTREAM PRODUCTS
18.1. Raw Materials (Upstream)
| Raw Material | Description |
|---|---|
| Monazite Sand | Rare earth ore containing praseodymium |
| Bastnäsite | Rare earth carbonate mineral |
| Praseodymium Chloride (PrCl₃) | Starting material for precipitation |
| Sodium Carbonate (Na₂CO₃) | Precipitation agent |
18.2. Downstream Products
| Product | Application |
|---|---|
| Praseodymium Oxide (Pr₂O₃) | Catalysts, optical glasses, ceramics |
| Catalytic Converters | Automotive emissions control |
| Optical Glasses | UV transmittance control, refractive index stabilization |
| Praseodymium-Based Catalysts | Chemical synthesis, petrochemicals |
| Praseodymium-Doped Materials | Optical amplifiers, laser materials |
| Praseodymium Compounds | Various specialty applications |
19. QUALITY CONTROL PARAMETERS
| Parameter | Analytical Method | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Purity | Titration / ICP | Complexometric titration or ICP analysis |
| Praseodymium Content | Gravimetric / ICP | Determined as Pr₂O₃ |
| Carbonate Content | Gravimetric | CO₂ determination |
| Rare Earth Impurities | ICP-MS / ICP-OES | Detection of other lanthanides |
| Metal Impurities | ICP-MS / ICP-OES | Fe, Ca, Mg, Na, Zn, Cu, etc. |
| Loss on Ignition | Gravimetric | Calcination to Pr₂O₃ |
| Appearance | Visual | Greenish-yellow powder |
| Particle Size | Laser Diffraction | Particle size distribution |
| Acid Solubility | Visual | Clear solution after acid dissolution |
| Color | Visual | Characteristic greenish-yellow |
20. SUMMARY AND CRITICAL WARNINGS
SUMMARY:
Praseodymium Carbonate (Pr₂(CO₃)₃, CAS 14948-62-0) is a greenish-yellow, crystalline powder with a molecular weight of approximately 457.84 g/mol and density of ~4.0 g/cm³. It is insoluble in water but readily dissolves in acids. Thermal decomposition yields praseodymium oxide (Pr₂O₃). Praseodymium compounds are known for their characteristic greenish-yellow color.
Its most important application is as a precursor for praseodymium oxide (Pr₂O₃) used in catalytic converters for automotive emissions control and chemical catalysts. It is also used in optical glass production for UV transmittance control and refractive index stabilization, electronic applications, nanotechnology, and defense optics. Praseodymium-doped glasses exhibit characteristic yellow-green coloration.
The compound is classified as an environmentally hazardous substance under UN 3077. It may cause skin, eye, and respiratory tract irritation. Storage should be in cool, dry, well-ventilated areas away from acids. Shelf life is approximately 2 years under proper storage conditions.
Key Properties:
| Property | Value |
|---|---|
| Appearance | Greenish-yellow crystalline powder |
| Chemical Formula | Pr₂(CO₃)₃ |
| Molecular Weight | ~457.84 g/mol |
| CAS Number | 14948-62-0 |
| EC Number | 239-001-2 |
| Density | ~4.0 g/cm³ |
| Decomposition Temperature | ~300-700°C (to Pr₂O₃) |
| Water Solubility | Insoluble |
| Primary Use | Pr₂O₃ precursor, catalysts, optical materials |
Major Application Areas:
| Sector | Applications |
|---|---|
| Catalysts | Catalytic converters, chemical catalysts |
| Optics & Glass | Optical glass, UV transmittance control |
| Electronics | Sputtering targets, semiconductor doping |
| Nanotechnology | Pr₂O₃ nanoparticles |
| Defense | Laser optics, optical filters |
Key Safety Points:
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ENVIRONMENTALLY HAZARDOUS: UN 3077
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IRRITANT: Skin, eye, and respiratory tract irritation
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STORAGE: Cool, dry, well-ventilated, away from acids
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PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT: Gloves, safety goggles, dust mask
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CHARACTERISTIC COLOR: Greenish-yellow
CRITICAL WARNINGS:
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CATALYTIC CONVERTER APPLICATIONS: Praseodymium is used in catalytic converters for automotive emissions control. High purity (99.99% and above) is essential for catalyst performance.
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UN 3077 CLASSIFICATION: Classified as an environmentally hazardous substance under UN 3077. Release into the environment during transport, storage, or disposal must be strictly prevented. It is listed as a marine pollutant.
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Pr₂O₃ PRECURSOR: This compound is the primary precursor for praseodymium oxide production. The quality of the carbonate directly affects the catalytic and optical properties of the final Pr₂O₃ product.
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OPTICAL PROPERTIES: Praseodymium compounds exhibit characteristic greenish-yellow color and are used for UV transmittance control and refractive index stabilization in optical glasses.
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REDOX PROPERTIES: Praseodymium can exist in both +3 and +4 oxidation states. The +3 state is most common for optical and catalytic applications.
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CUSTOMS CLASSIFICATION: The correct customs tariff code is 2836.99.00.00.
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REGULATORY COMPLIANCE: REACH, KKDİK, and TSCA registration requirements apply. Not permitted for food, cosmetic, or pharmaceutical applications.
Important Disclaimer: This Technical Data Sheet (TDS) is for informational purposes only. The information provided is based on available data and is believed to be accurate. However, the user is solely responsible for determining the suitability of the product for their specific applications and for complying with all applicable regulations and safety requirements. For complete safety, handling, storage, and regulatory compliance information, always refer to the official Safety Data Sheet (SDS/MSDS) provided by the manufacturer/supplier. All local, national, and international regulations must be followed when working with Praseodymium Carbonate.
