Indium Chloride Hydrate, Indium Chloride, 143983-91-9

Indium Chloride Hydrate, Indium Chloride, 143983-91-9

INDIUM CHLORIDE HYDRATE (INCL₃·XH₂O)
INDIUM CHLORIDE HYDRATE / INDIUM TRICHLORIDE HYDRATE / INDIUM(III) CHLORIDE HYDRATE
1. PRODUCT IDENTIFICATION AND CHEMICAL IDENTITY

2. CHEMICAL STRUCTURE
2.1. Molecular Structure
Indium chloride hydrate is the hydrated form of the inorganic compound of indium and chlorine. Indium ions (In³⁺) and chloride ions (Cl⁻) are present in a 1:3 ratio. It contains a variable number of water molecules of hydration (typically 3-4 mol H₂O). Due to its hygroscopic nature, it is sensitive to degradation in humid environments. It exhibits high solubility in water and hydrochloric acid. High purity grades (2N–5N) are available for electronic, optoelectronic, and research applications.

Structural Features:

                    INDIUM CHLORIDE HYDRATE [InCl₃·xH₂O]
                          |
                In³⁺ - Cl⁻ Ionic Bonds + xH₂O
                          |
        +----------------+----------------+
        |                |                |
    White-Yellow       Soluble in         Highly
    Crystalline        Water and         Hygroscopic
                       Acids

2.2. Structural Properties

3. PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

4. PURITY GRADES

5. STABILITY AND REACTIVITY

5.1. Chemical Reactions

• Thermal Decomposition (Hydrated Form):
  InCl₃·xH₂O → InCl₃ + xH₂O (~100-150°C)
  InCl₃ + H₂O → InOCl + 2HCl (hydrolysis at high temperature)

• Behavior in Aqueous Solution:
  InCl₃(aq) → In³⁺(aq) + 3Cl⁻(aq)

• Precipitation with Alkali:
  InCl₃ + 3NaOH → In(OH)₃↓ + 3NaCl

• Precipitation with Ammonia:
  InCl₃ + 3NH₄OH → In(OH)₃↓ + 3NH₄Cl

• Complex Formation with Excess Base:
  InCl₃ + 4NaOH → Na[In(OH)₄] + 3NaCl

6. APPLICATION AREAS
6.1. Semiconductor and Electronic Materials

6.2. Catalyst Applications

6.3. Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials

6.4. Sectoral Suitability Table

7. PRODUCTION PROCESS

7.1. Major Producing Countries

8. ALTERNATIVE / SUBSTITUTE PRODUCTS

9. SAFETY AND TOXICOLOGY

9.1. GHS Classification

Signal Word: WARNING

Hazard Pictograms: GHS07 (Exclamation Mark)

10. PRECAUTIONARY STATEMENTS (P-CODES)

11. FIRST AID MEASURES

12. STORAGE AND SHELF LIFE

13. PACKAGING OPTIONS

14. TRANSPORT INFORMATION

15. REGULATORY STATUS

16. OTHER NAMES AND SYNONYMS

17. QUICK REFERENCE TABLE

18. CRITICAL WARNINGS AND BEST PRACTICES

CRITICAL WARNINGS:

• Highly Hygroscopic Nature: Indium chloride hydrate has a very high moisture absorption capacity. When exposed to air, it rapidly absorbs moisture, begins to dissolve, and loses its quality. Extreme care must be taken to avoid moisture during storage and handling.

• Thermal Decomposition: Above ~100-150°C, water loss begins; at higher temperatures, toxic hydrogen chloride (HCl) gas is released. Ventilation is essential.

• Incompatibility: Contact with strong oxidizing agents creates a fire and explosion risk.

• Eye and Skin Irritation: Due to its acidic nature, it causes irritation to skin and eyes. Protective equipment is mandatory during use.

• Critical Raw Material: Indium is a critical and valuable metal for ITO and semiconductor applications; losses should be minimized and recycling options explored.

BEST PRACTICE RECOMMENDATIONS:

• Storage:

  • Store in a cool, dry, and well-ventilated area.

  • Use moisture-proof, airtight containers.

  • Keep away from oxidizing agents.

  • Store at room temperature (15-25°C).

• Handling:

  • Immediately close containers tightly when not in use.

  • Ensure a dry working environment during use (humidity control).

  • Use a dust mask (N95 or better), protective goggles, and chemically resistant gloves.

  • Avoid dust formation and inhalation.

  • Wash hands thoroughly after handling.

  • When preparing solutions, add slowly due to acidic character.

• Waste Management:

  • Dispose of in accordance with local regulations as heavy metal waste.

  • Do not discharge into water sources or sewers.

  • For large quantities, indium recovery should be considered (valuable and critical metal).

LEGAL DISCLAIMER
This Technical Data Sheet (TDS) is for informational purposes only and has been prepared based on available technical data. The user is solely responsible for determining the suitability of the product for their specific applications and for complying with all local, national, and international regulations. For complete safety, storage, handling, transport, disposal, and regulatory compliance information, the official Safety Data Sheet (SDS/MSDS) provided by the manufacturer/supplier must be consulted. This document does not substitute professional advice. Indium chloride hydrate requires careful handling and storage due to its highly hygroscopic nature and critical role in electronic applications; it is an important raw material for semiconductor, ITO, and catalyst applications.