Disperse Dye, Polyester Dye

🧪 Disperse Dyes 

🔬 Chemical Structure

Disperse dyes are small, polar organic molecules designed to dye thermoplastic synthetic fibers. They typically do not contain ionic groups (cationic or anionic), making them insoluble in water. Instead, they are applied as a fine dispersion using dispersing agents.

• 🧬 Functional groups:

  • Azo groups (-N=N-)

  • Anthraquinone derivatives (C₁₄H₈O₂-based)

• ⚛️ Charge: Neutral (non-ionic)

• 📏 Molecular size: Small enough to diffuse into fiber structure

🧵 Compatible Fibers

Disperse dyes are specifically formulated for thermoplastic synthetic fibers, including:

⚙️ Dyeing Mechanism

Disperse dyes penetrate the fiber through physical diffusion, adhering via van der Waals forces and hydrophobic interactions. Since no chemical bond is formed, heat fixation (thermofixation) is essential for durability.

🧪 Typical Process Steps

1. Dispersion Preparation: Dye + dispersant + water → stable suspension

2. Dyeing: Applied under pressure at 120–130 °C

3. Thermofixation: Heated to 180–210 °C to lock dye into fiber

4. Washing & Soaping: Removes unfixed dye and dispersants

📌 Advantages

• 🌈 Bright, vivid shades

• 🧼 Excellent wash and light fastness

• 🧵 Tailored for synthetic fibers

• 🔄 Compatible with sublimation and disperse printing systems

⚠️ Critical Considerations

• Dirty or oily fabrics reduce dye penetration → pre-washing is essential

• Without thermofixation, color fastness is poor

• Residual dispersants may affect print clarity → proper soaping is key

🧪 DISPERSE DYEING & PRINTING – TECHNICAL OVERVIEW (ENGLISH)

1️⃣ Disperse Dyeing Methods

Disperse dyes are small, non-ionic molecules used for dyeing thermoplastic fibers like polyester, nylon, and triacetate.

🔧 Common Methods:

• High Temperature Dyeing (HT): 130–140 °C in pressurized vessels

• Carrier Method: 80–100 °C with chemical carriers

• Thermosol Method: 180–220 °C with dry heat fixation

• Ultrasonic / Microwave-Assisted: Energy-efficient modern systems

2️⃣ Disperse Printing Techniques

Used for hydrophobic fibers, especially polyester.

🖨️ Printing Types:

• Direct Printing

• Colored Reserve Printing

• Discharge Printing

• Transfer Printing (via paper)

🧪 Sample Print Paste:

Disperse dye: 4%  
Synthetic thickener: 6%  
Wetting agent: 1%  
Dispersing agent: 1%  
Acetic acid: 0.5%  
Water: 87.5%  
Total: 100%

3️⃣ Dye Selection Criteria

Depends on fiber type, desired shade, and fixation method.

4️⃣ Post-Dyeing Treatments

• Drying: 100–130 °C

• Fixation: 180–210 °C (dry heat)

• Reductive Washing: 70 °C with 2 g/L caustic + 2 g/L sodium hydrosulfite

• Rinsing: Hot water to remove oligomers

• Softening / Finishing: Optional for yarn and fabric

5️⃣ Fastness Properties

• Wash Fastness: 4–5 (high)

• Light Fastness: 4–6 (anthraquinone dyes are superior)

• Rubbing Fastness: 3–4

• Sublimation Fastness: 2–3 (requires temperature control)

6️⃣ Dye Molecule Classification

🧪 SMALL, MEDIUM & LARGE MOLECULAR DISPERSE DYES 

1️⃣ Small-Molecular Disperse Dyes

• 🔬 Structure: Low molecular weight, high mobility

• 🌡️ Dyeing Temp: 120–130 °C (HT or carrier method)

• 🧵 Advantages:

  • Excellent migration and leveling

  • Uniform shade distribution

  • Ideal for PES/WO blends

• ⚠️ Limitations: Low sublimation fastness

2️⃣ Medium-Molecular Disperse Dyes

• 🔬 Structure: Balanced molecular size

• 🌡️ Dyeing Temp: 130–140 °C

• 🧵 Advantages:

  • Good shade consistency

  • Moderate sublimation fastness

  • Suitable for HT and thermosol methods

• ⚠️ Limitations: Sensitive to temperature fluctuations

3️⃣ Large-Molecular Disperse Dyes

• 🔬 Structure: High molecular weight, low diffusion

• 🌡️ Dyeing Temp: 180–220 °C (thermosol method)

• 🧵 Advantages:

  • High sublimation and wash fastness

  • Preferred for sportswear and workwear

• ⚠️ Limitations: Poor migration, difficult leveling

🎨 BETAPERS Disperse Dyes – Grouped by Color Tone

🟡 YELLOW / GOLDEN / LUMINOUS

• FLUOR YELLOW 8-GFF %200

• FLUOR YELLOW 10-GN %100

• YELLOW 3GE %200

• YELLOW 6-GSL %200

• YELLOW C-5G %200

• YELLOW 4G %200

• YELLOW R-ACE

• YELLOW PR-ACE

• YELLOW ADD

• YELLOW RECP – 6G %200

• YELLOW RECP – 4G %200

• YELLOW SWF

• GOLDEN YELLOW CTW

• GOLDEN YELLOW CONC

• YELLOW TP-3GE %200

🟠 ORANGE / SCARLET / RUBINE

• ORANGE H3R %200

• ORANGE GL %200

• ORANGE 2R-FS %150

• ORANGE RECP %150

• ORANGE S.3RFL %200

• ORANGE 61 %200

• ORANGE G–SF %200

• ORANGE 3 RLS %200

• ORANGE RECP – RE %200

• ORANGE TT-TWS

• ORANGE W-XF

• ORANGE SWF

• ORANGE HRD-RFL

• ORANGE TP-REL %200

• SCARLET B %200

• SCARLET 2 GH %200

• SCARLET S-3GFL %200

• SCARLET BB %200

• SCARLET RPU %200

• SCARLET GS %200

• SCARLET W-XF

• SCARLET P-4GN

• SCARLET SWF

• BRILL SCARLET SWF

• RUBINE B %200

• RUBINE G-FL %200

• RUBINE BSF %200

• RUBINE CBSF %200

• RUBINE W-XF

• RUBINE ADD

• RUBINE CTW

• RUBINE HRD-GFL

• RUBINE TP-5BL %100 / %150

• RUBINE TP-GFL %200

• RUBINE SWF

🔴 RED / DEEP RED / BRILLIANT RED

• NEON RED G-BB %200

• RED FB %200

• RED S-BWFL %100 / %150

• RED SE-3B %200

• BRILLANT RED REL %200

• BRILLANT RED BEL %200

• RED 3BLS %150 / %200 Conc

• RED FRL %200

• RED 3BS %150

• RED CBN

• RED RECP – 4B %200

• RED RECP – FR %200

• RED TT-TWS

• RED W-XF

• RED R-ACE

• RED PR-ACE

• RED TP-FB %200

• RED TP-F3BS %150

• RED TP-3BLS %150

• BRILL RED SWF

• DEEP RED SWF / SWF-N

• DEEP RED CTW

🟤 BROWN / YELLOW-BROWN

• BROWN 3R %150

• BROWN S-3RL

• BROWN S-2BL %150

• BROWN KPSN

• YELLOW BROWN CERN

• YELLOW BROWN ADD

• YELLOW BROWN TP-4RL %100

🟣 VIOLET / PURPLE

• VIOLET 2R %100

• VIOLET FBL %150

• VIOLET CBL %150

• VIOLET 28 %200

• VIOLET S-3RL %200

• VIOLET BB %200

• VIOLET RECP-HF %100

• VIOLET SWF

🔵 BLUE / NAVY / TURQUOISE

• BLUE BNN %100

• BLUE FBL %100 / %150

• BLUE S-FBL – mix

• BLUE K-FBL

• BLUE BG %200 (Fabric)

• BLUE BGM %200 (Fabric)

• BLUE BGE %200 (Yarn)

• BLUE BGY %200

• BLUE BGF

• BLUE SBGL %200

• BLUE 77

• BLUE 165 %200

• BLUE RSE %200

• BLUE SR %200

• BLUE C-RE %200

• BLUE F2-GS %200

• BLUE HRD-RFL %200

• BLUE RECP – BN %100

• BLUE RECP – CR / GL / HG %200

• BLUE W-XF

• BLUE ADD

• EMERALD BLUE ADD

• BLUE R-ACE

• BLUE PR-ACE

• BLUE TP-2BLN %100

• BLUE TP-HWF %500

• BLUE TP-5G %200

• BLUE TP-ECO %300

• BLUE HRD-RFL

• TURKISH BLUE W-XF

• TURKISH HSF

• TURQUOISE SWF

• ROYAL BLUE SWF-B

🔵 NAVY BLUE / DARK BLUE

• NAVY BLUE R-FL %200

• NAVY BLUE ECO %300

• DARK BLUE 3RT %200

• NAVY CERN

• NAVY BLUE W-XF

• NAVY BLUE HSF N

• NAVY BLUE ADD

• NAVY BLUE CTW

• NAVY

• NAVY BLUE TP-HGL %200

• NAVY BLUE TP-2G %200

• NAVY SWF-R

• NAVY HRD-2RE

⚫ BLACK / DEEP BLACK

• BLACK E-R / E-B / LY

• BLACK GI %200

• BLACK HBL %300

• BLACK SE-HD %285

• BLACK ECO %300

• BLACK RD-2CN

• BLACK CERN %330

• BLACK CEXN

• BLACK EGX

• BLACK REF

• BLACK RECP

• BLACK CTW

• BLACK ADD %300

• BLACK RECP – BK %300

• BLACK SWF-N

• BLACK CTW

• BLACK HRD-SE

⚫ GRAY

• GRAY N %100

Documents

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• Dispers boyama.pdf
•