Indium Oxide, Indium Trioxide, 1312-43-2

Indium Oxide, Indium Trioxide, 1312-43-2

INDIUM OXIDE (IN₂O₃)
INDIUM OXIDE / INDIUM TRIOXIDE / INDIUM(III) OXIDE
1. PRODUCT IDENTIFICATION AND CHEMICAL IDENTITY

2. CHEMICAL STRUCTURE
2.1. Molecular Structure
Indium oxide is an inorganic compound of indium and oxygen. Indium ions (In³⁺) and oxide ions (O²⁻) are present in a 2:3 ratio. It has a cubic crystal structure (bixbyite type). It is a wide bandgap semiconductor (~2.9 eV). It is known for its high optical transparency, electrical conductivity (when doped), and thermal stability. It is insoluble in water but soluble in acids.

Structural Features:

                    INDIUM OXIDE [In₂O₃]
                          |
                In³⁺ - O²⁻ Ionic Bonds
                          |
        +----------------+----------------+
        |                |                |
    Cubic (Bixbyite)   White-Yellow    Wide Bandgap
    Crystal Structure   Powder Form     (~2.9 eV)

2.2. Structural Properties

3. PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

4. PURITY GRADES

5. STABILITY AND REACTIVITY

5.1. Chemical Reactions

• Reaction with Acids:
  In₂O₃ + 6HCl → 2InCl₃ + 3H₂O
  In₂O₃ + 6HNO₃ → 2In(NO₃)₃ + 3H₂O
  In₂O₃ + 3H₂SO₄ → In₂(SO₄)₃ + 3H₂O

• Reaction with Bases:
  In₂O₃ + 2NaOH + 3H₂O → 2Na[In(OH)₄] (amphoteric behavior)

• Reduction (at High Temperature):
  In₂O₃ + 3H₂ → 2In + 3H₂O
  In₂O₃ + 3C → 2In + 3CO

6. APPLICATION AREAS
6.1. Electronics and Optoelectronics

6.2. Glass and Coatings

6.3. Ceramics

6.4. Catalyst Applications

6.5. Research

6.6. Sectoral Suitability Table

7. PRODUCTION PROCESS

7.1. Major Producing Countries

8. ALTERNATIVE / SUBSTITUTE PRODUCTS

9. SAFETY AND TOXICOLOGY

9.1. GHS Classification

Signal Word: WARNING

Hazard Pictograms: GHS07 (Exclamation Mark)

10. PRECAUTIONARY STATEMENTS (P-CODES)

11. FIRST AID MEASURES

12. STORAGE AND SHELF LIFE

13. PACKAGING OPTIONS

14. TRANSPORT INFORMATION

15. REGULATORY STATUS

16. OTHER NAMES AND SYNONYMS

17. QUICK REFERENCE TABLE

18. CRITICAL WARNINGS AND BEST PRACTICES

CRITICAL WARNINGS:

• ITO Precursor: Indium oxide is the main precursor for Indium Tin Oxide (ITO) production. ITO is the most widely used transparent conductive material in touch screens, flat panel displays, solar cells, and LED applications.

• Transparent Conductive Oxide (TCO): The combination of high optical transparency and electrical conductivity is critical for optoelectronic applications.

• Amphoteric Behavior: Reacts with both acids and bases.

• High Purity Requirement: Electronic and optoelectronic applications require high purity (>99.9%). Impurities negatively affect ITO performance.

• Critical Raw Material: Indium is a rare and critical metal; supply chain risks should be considered.

• Powder Hazard: Fine powder form may cause respiratory tract irritation. Dust control measures must be taken.

BEST PRACTICE RECOMMENDATIONS:

• Storage:

  • Store in a cool, dry, and well-ventilated area.

  • Use moisture-proof, tightly closed containers.

  • Keep away from acids and reducing agents.

  • Store at room temperature (15-25°C).

• Handling:

  • Use in well-ventilated areas with local exhaust ventilation.

  • Use a dust mask (N95 or better), protective goggles, and gloves.

  • Avoid dust formation and inhalation.

  • Wash hands thoroughly after handling.

  • For dissolution in acids, add oxide to acid slowly with cooling and stirring.

  • Ensure controlled sintering and atmosphere conditions for ITO production.

• Waste Management:

  • Dispose of in accordance with local regulations.

  • Do not discharge into water sources.

  • For large quantities, indium recovery should be considered (valuable and critical metal).

LEGAL DISCLAIMER
This Technical Data Sheet (TDS) is for informational purposes only and has been prepared based on available technical data. The user is solely responsible for determining the suitability of the product for their specific applications and for complying with all local, national, and international regulations. For complete safety, storage, handling, transport, disposal, and regulatory compliance information, the official Safety Data Sheet (SDS/MSDS) provided by the manufacturer/supplier must be consulted. This document does not substitute professional advice. Indium oxide is a critical material for optoelectronic applications; careful handling, storage, and recycling planning are required due to high purity requirements and critical raw material status.