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Send EmailTin Oxide, Tin Dioxide, Stannic Oxide, 18282-10-5
TIN OXIDE (SNO₂)
TIN DIOXIDE / STANNIC OXIDE / TIN(IV) OXIDE
1. PRODUCT IDENTIFICATION AND CHEMICAL IDENTITY
| Parameter | Information |
|---|---|
| Product Name | Tin Oxide |
| Chemical Name | Tin(IV) Oxide, Tin Dioxide, Stannic Oxide |
| Other Names | SnO₂ |
| CAS Number | 18282-10-5 |
| EC Number (EINECS) | 242-159-0 |
| Chemical Formula | SnO₂ |
| Molecular Weight | 150.71 g/mol |
| Appearance | White crystalline powder |
| Odor | Odorless |
| Physical State (20°C) | Solid (powder) |
2. CHEMICAL STRUCTURE
2.1. Molecular Structure
Tin oxide is an inorganic compound of tin and oxygen. Tin ions (Sn⁴⁺) and oxide ions (O²⁻) are present in a 1:2 ratio. It has a rutile (tetragonal) crystal structure. It is a wide bandgap semiconductor (3.6–4.0 eV). It is known for its high electron mobility, optical transparency, and thermal stability. It is insoluble in water but soluble in strong acids.
Structural Features:
TIN OXIDE [SnO₂]
|
Sn⁴⁺ - O²⁻ Ionic/Covalent Bonds
|
+----------------+----------------+
| | |
Rutile (Tetragonal) White Powder Wide Bandgap
Crystal Structure (3.6–4.0 eV)
2.2. Structural Properties
| Parameter | Value |
|---|---|
| Crystal Structure | Rutile (tetragonal) |
| Chemical Formula | SnO₂ |
| Molecular Weight | 150.71 g/mol |
| Density | ~6.95 g/cm³ |
| Appearance | White crystalline powder |
| Melting Point | ~1,630 °C |
| Band Gap | 3.6–4.0 eV |
| Electron Mobility | ≤ 260 cm²/V·s |
3. PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
| Property | Value | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Appearance | White crystalline powder | Color shade depends on purity |
| Odor | Odorless | - |
| Chemical Formula | SnO₂ | - |
| Molecular Weight | 150.71 g/mol | - |
| Density | ~6.95 g/cm³ | - |
| Melting Point | ~1,630 °C | - |
| Solubility in Water (25°C) | Insoluble | - |
| Solubility in Acids | Soluble | Forms tin salts |
| Solubility in Alcohol | Insoluble | - |
| Crystal Structure | Rutile (tetragonal) | - |
| Band Gap | 3.6–4.0 eV | Wide bandgap semiconductor |
| Optical Transparency | Transparent to visible light | Optoelectronic applications |
| Electron Mobility | ≤ 260 cm²/V·s | High |
| Thermal Stability | High | - |
| Hygroscopicity | Low | - |
4. PURITY GRADES
| Parameter | Technical Grade | High Purity Grade | Analytical Grade | Ultra-High Purity Grade |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Purity (SnO₂) | ≥ 99.0% | ≥ 99.5% | ≥ 99.9% | ≥ 99.99% |
| Tin (Sn) Content | ≥ 78.5% | ≥ 78.7% | ≥ 78.8% | ≥ 78.9% |
| Iron (Fe) | ≤ 100 ppm | ≤ 50 ppm | ≤ 20 ppm | ≤ 10 ppm |
| Lead (Pb) | ≤ 100 ppm | ≤ 50 ppm | ≤ 20 ppm | ≤ 10 ppm |
| Calcium (Ca) | ≤ 100 ppm | ≤ 50 ppm | ≤ 20 ppm | ≤ 10 ppm |
| Silicon (Si) | ≤ 100 ppm | ≤ 50 ppm | ≤ 20 ppm | ≤ 10 ppm |
| Chloride (Cl⁻) | ≤ 0.1% | ≤ 0.05% | ≤ 0.02% | ≤ 0.01% |
| Loss on Drying | ≤ 0.5% | ≤ 0.3% | ≤ 0.2% | ≤ 0.1% |
| Particle Size (D50) | 5-20 µm | 1-10 µm | 0.5-5 µm | 0.2-2 µm |
| BET Surface Area | 5-15 m²/g | 10-20 m²/g | 15-30 m²/g | 20-50 m²/g |
5. STABILITY AND REACTIVITY
| Parameter | Information |
|---|---|
| Chemical Stability | Stable in air; stable at high temperatures. |
| Conditions to Avoid | Strong acids, high humidity (prolonged), reducing atmosphere. |
| Incompatible Materials | Strong acids, strong reducing agents, halogens. |
| Hazardous Decomposition Products | Upon oxidation at high temperatures: tin oxide (SnO₂) is stable; with acids: tin salts. |
| Hazardous Polymerization | Will not occur. |
| Hygroscopicity | Low. |
5.1. Chemical Reactions
-
Reaction with Acids:
SnO₂ + 4HCl → SnCl₄ + 2H₂O
SnO₂ + 4HNO₃ → Sn(NO₃)₄ + 2H₂O
SnO₂ + 2H₂SO₄ → Sn(SO₄)₂ + 2H₂O -
Reaction with Bases:
SnO₂ + 2NaOH → Na₂SnO₃ + H₂O (amphoteric behavior) -
Reduction (at High Temperature):
SnO₂ + 2H₂ → Sn + 2H₂O
SnO₂ + C → Sn + CO₂
6. APPLICATION AREAS
6.1. Electronics and Optoelectronics
| Application | Function | Details |
|---|---|---|
| Transparent Conductive Oxide (TCO) | Conductive and transparent layer | Solar cells, touch screens |
| Gas Sensors | Gas detection | NO₂, CO, H₂ sensors |
| Thin Film Transistors | Active layer | Display technologies |
| LED and OLED | Transparent electrode | Lighting and display applications |
6.2. Glass and Ceramic Industry
| Application | Function | Details |
|---|---|---|
| Glass Coatings | Conductivity and transparency | Smart windows, heated glass |
| Ceramic Pigments | Colorant | Decorative ceramics |
| Glaze Additive | Gloss and durability | Ceramic glazes |
| High Temperature Coatings | Protective coating | Refractory applications |
6.3. Energy
| Application | Function | Details |
|---|---|---|
| Lithium-Ion Batteries | Anode material | High capacity batteries |
| Fuel Cells | Electrode material | Catalytic activity |
| Solar Cells | Transparent conductive layer | Perovskite and organic solar cells |
6.4. Catalyst Applications
| Application | Function | Details |
|---|---|---|
| Organic Reactions | Catalyst carrier | Oxidation reactions |
| Environmental Catalyst | Pollutant degradation | Wastewater and air treatment |
| Petrochemical | Catalytic conversion | Special catalytic processes |
6.5. Sectoral Suitability Table
| Sector | Suitability | Explanation |
|---|---|---|
| Electronics | Suitable | TCO, sensors, thin film transistors |
| Glass and Ceramics | Suitable | Coatings, pigments, glazes |
| Energy | Suitable | Batteries, fuel cells, solar cells |
| Catalyst | Suitable | Catalyst carrier, environmental catalyst |
| Research | Suitable | Materials science, nanotechnology |
| Food | Not Suitable | Not suitable |
| Cosmetics | Not Suitable | Not suitable |
7. PRODUCTION PROCESS
| Stage | Process | Description |
|---|---|---|
| 1. Raw Material Preparation | Tin metal or tin salts | High purity tin sources |
| 2. Oxidation | Thermal oxidation | Heating tin metal in air |
| 3. Chemical Precipitation | Nitrate/chloride precipitation | Precipitation of tin salts |
| 4. Calcination | Thermal treatment | Conversion to oxide form (600-1000°C) |
| 5. Milling | Mechanical processing | Achieving desired particle size |
| 6. Quality Control | Analysis and testing | ICP-OES, XRD, BET surface area |
7.1. Major Producing Countries
| Country | Description |
|---|---|
| China | Major producer |
| Indonesia | Tin mining |
| Malaysia | Tin mining |
| Peru | Tin mining |
8. ALTERNATIVE / SUBSTITUTE PRODUCTS
| Alternative | Description | When to Use |
|---|---|---|
| Indium Tin Oxide (ITO) | Transparent conductive oxide | When higher conductivity is required |
| Fluorine-doped Tin Oxide (FTO) | Transparent conductive oxide | Lower cost alternative |
| Zinc Oxide (ZnO) | Transparent conductive oxide | When different optical properties are required |
| Titanium Dioxide (TiO₂) | Catalyst and pigment | When different catalytic properties are required |
| Antimony-doped Tin Oxide (ATO) | Transparent conductive oxide | When higher conductivity is required |
9. SAFETY AND TOXICOLOGY
| Parameter | Value |
|---|---|
| Acute Oral Toxicity (LD50, Rat) | > 2,000 mg/kg (low toxicity) |
| Dermal Toxicity | Low |
| Skin Irritation | Mild irritant |
| Eye Irritation | Mild to moderate irritant |
| Inhalation | Fine dust inhalation may cause respiratory tract irritation. |
| Carcinogenicity | Not classified as carcinogenic. |
| Mutagenicity | Not mutagenic. |
| Chronic Effects | Tin compounds have low bioavailability; prolonged exposure may cause lung effects. |
| Environmental Hazards | Low to moderate aquatic toxicity. |
9.1. GHS Classification
| Hazard Class | Category | H-Statement |
|---|---|---|
| Skin Irritation | Category 2 | H315: Causes skin irritation. |
| Eye Irritation | Category 2A | H319: Causes serious eye irritation. |
| Specific Target Organ Toxicity | Category 3 | H335: May cause respiratory irritation. |
Signal Word: WARNING
Hazard Pictograms: GHS07 (Exclamation Mark)
10. PRECAUTIONARY STATEMENTS (P-CODES)
| Code | Statement |
|---|---|
| P261 | Avoid breathing dust. |
| P264 | Wash thoroughly after handling. |
| P271 | Use only in well-ventilated areas. |
| P280 | Wear protective gloves/eye protection/face protection. |
| P302+P352 | IF ON SKIN: Wash with plenty of soap and water. |
| P304+P340 | IF INHALED: Remove person to fresh air and keep comfortable for breathing. |
| P305+P351+P338 | IF IN EYES: Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes. Remove contact lenses if present and easy to do. |
| P337+P313 | If eye irritation persists: Get medical advice/attention. |
| P501 | Dispose of contents/container in accordance with local regulations. |
11. FIRST AID MEASURES
| Exposure Route | Action to Take |
|---|---|
| Inhalation | Remove to fresh air. If symptoms persist, seek medical attention. |
| Skin Contact | Wash with plenty of soap and water. Remove contaminated clothing. If irritation persists, seek medical attention. |
| Eye Contact | Rinse thoroughly with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes. Remove contact lenses. If irritation persists, seek medical attention. |
| Ingestion | Rinse mouth. Drink plenty of water. If large amount is swallowed, seek medical attention. |
12. STORAGE AND SHELF LIFE
| Parameter | Condition |
|---|---|
| Storage Conditions | Store in a cool, dry, and well-ventilated area. Ensure a moisture-free environment. |
| Container Requirements | Moisture-proof, tightly closed containers. |
| Temperature | Room temperature (15-25°C). |
| Shelf Life | 24-36 months under appropriate conditions. |
| Stability Note | Stable under normal conditions; keep away from acids and reducing agents. |
13. PACKAGING OPTIONS
| Packaging Type | Quantity | Material |
|---|---|---|
| Laboratory Packaging | 100 g, 500 g, 1 kg | HDPE bottle, aluminum foil bag |
| Industrial Packaging | 25 kg | PE-lined kraft bag, moisture-proof |
| Drum | 25 kg, 50 kg | HDPE drum, moisture-proof |
| IBC (Intermediate Bulk Container) | 500 kg, 1000 kg | Moisture-proof, palletized |
14. TRANSPORT INFORMATION
| Parameter | Information |
|---|---|
| UN Number | Not classified (specific regulations apply for metal oxides) |
| Hazard Class | - |
| Packing Group | - |
| ADR/RID | Not regulated (special precautions may be required for powder form) |
| IMDG | Not regulated |
| IATA | Not regulated |
| HS Code | 2825.90.00.00.00 (Other metal oxides) |
15. REGULATORY STATUS
| Region / Authority | Status |
|---|---|
| European Union (REACH) | Registered |
| Turkey (KKDIK) | Compliance required |
| TSCA (USA) | Registered |
| EINECS | 242-159-0 |
| China | Registered; major production and export country |
16. OTHER NAMES AND SYNONYMS
| Name | Description |
|---|---|
| Tin Dioxide | Chemical name |
| Stannic Oxide | Chemical name |
| Tin(IV) Oxide | Chemical name |
| SnO₂ | Chemical abbreviation |
| Tin Oxide Powder | Common name |
| Transparent Conductive Oxide | Functional description |
| TCO Material | Application description |
17. QUICK REFERENCE TABLE
| Property | Value |
|---|---|
| CAS Number | 18282-10-5 |
| EC Number | 242-159-0 |
| Chemical Formula | SnO₂ |
| Molecular Weight | 150.71 g/mol |
| Appearance | White crystalline powder |
| Density | ~6.95 g/cm³ |
| Melting Point | ~1,630 °C |
| Band Gap | 3.6–4.0 eV |
| HS Code | 2825.90.00.00.00 |
| GHS Signal Word | WARNING |
18. CRITICAL WARNINGS AND BEST PRACTICES
CRITICAL WARNINGS:
-
Transparent Conductive Oxide (TCO): SnO₂ is an important material that is transparent to visible light and electrically conductive. It is widely used in solar cells, touch screens, LEDs, and smart windows.
-
Wide Bandgap Semiconductor: With a bandgap of 3.6–4.0 eV, it is suitable for high-temperature and high-voltage applications.
-
Gas Sensors: Due to its high surface area and reactivity, it is used for detecting gases such as NO₂, CO, and H₂.
-
Amphoteric Behavior: Reacts with both acids and bases.
-
High Purity Requirement: Electronic and optoelectronic applications require high purity (>99.9%).
-
Powder Hazard: Fine powder form may cause respiratory tract irritation. Dust control measures must be taken.
BEST PRACTICE RECOMMENDATIONS:
-
Storage:
-
Store in a cool, dry, and well-ventilated area.
-
Use moisture-proof, tightly closed containers.
-
Keep away from acids and reducing agents.
-
Store at room temperature (15-25°C).
-
-
Handling:
-
Use in well-ventilated areas with local exhaust ventilation.
-
Use a dust mask (N95 or better), protective goggles, and gloves.
-
Avoid dust formation and inhalation.
-
Wash hands thoroughly after handling.
-
For dissolution in acids, add oxide to acid slowly with cooling and stirring.
-
Ensure controlled conditions for thin film deposition.
-
-
Waste Management:
-
Dispose of in accordance with local regulations.
-
Do not discharge into water sources.
-
For large quantities, tin recovery should be considered.
-
LEGAL DISCLAIMER
This Technical Data Sheet (TDS) is for informational purposes only and has been prepared based on available technical data. The user is solely responsible for determining the suitability of the product for their specific applications and for complying with all local, national, and international regulations. For complete safety, storage, handling, transport, disposal, and regulatory compliance information, the official Safety Data Sheet (SDS/MSDS) provided by the manufacturer/supplier must be consulted. This document does not substitute professional advice. Tin oxide is a critical material for electronic and optoelectronic applications; careful handling and storage are required due to high purity requirements and powder hazard.
