Gallium Oxide, Gallium Trioxide, 12024-21-4

Gallium Oxide, Gallium Trioxide, 12024-21-4

GALLIUM OXIDE (GA₂O₃)
GALLIUM OXIDE / GALLIUM TRIOXIDE / GALLIUM(III) OXIDE
1. PRODUCT IDENTIFICATION AND CHEMICAL IDENTITY

2. CHEMICAL STRUCTURE
2.1. Molecular Structure
Gallium oxide is an inorganic compound of gallium and oxygen. Gallium ions (Ga³⁺) and oxide ions (O²⁻) are present in a 2:3 ratio. It is a wide bandgap semiconductor (~4.9 eV). It exists in several polymorphic forms (α, β, γ, δ, ε). It is known for its high thermal stability, optical transparency, and chemical inertness. It is insoluble in water but soluble in strong acids.

Structural Features:

                    GALLIUM OXIDE [Ga₂O₃]
                          |
                Ga³⁺ - O²⁻ Ionic Bonds
                          |
        +----------------+----------------+
        |                |                |
    Polymorphic        White Powder     Wide Bandgap
    Structure                           (~4.9 eV)

2.2. Structural Properties

3. PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

4. PURITY GRADES

5. STABILITY AND REACTIVITY

5.1. Chemical Reactions

• Reaction with Acids:
  Ga₂O₃ + 6HCl → 2GaCl₃ + 3H₂O
  Ga₂O₃ + 6HNO₃ → 2Ga(NO₃)₃ + 3H₂O
  Ga₂O₃ + 3H₂SO₄ → Ga₂(SO₄)₃ + 3H₂O

• Reaction with Bases:
  Ga₂O₃ + 2NaOH + 3H₂O → 2Na[Ga(OH)₄] (amphoteric behavior)

• Reduction (at High Temperature):
  Ga₂O₃ + 2H₂ → Ga₂O + 2H₂O
  Ga₂O₃ + 3C → 2Ga + 3CO

6. APPLICATION AREAS
6.1. Electronics and Power Electronics

6.2. Optics and Optoelectronics

6.3. Ceramics and Coatings

6.4. Catalyst Applications

6.5. Research and Advanced Materials

6.6. Sectoral Suitability Table

7. PRODUCTION PROCESS

7.1. Major Producing Countries

8. ALTERNATIVE / SUBSTITUTE PRODUCTS

9. SAFETY AND TOXICOLOGY

9.1. GHS Classification

Signal Word: WARNING

Hazard Pictograms: GHS07 (Exclamation Mark)

10. PRECAUTIONARY STATEMENTS (P-CODES)

11. FIRST AID MEASURES

12. STORAGE AND SHELF LIFE

13. PACKAGING OPTIONS

14. TRANSPORT INFORMATION

15. REGULATORY STATUS

16. OTHER NAMES AND SYNONYMS

17. QUICK REFERENCE TABLE

18. CRITICAL WARNINGS AND BEST PRACTICES

CRITICAL WARNINGS:

• Wide Bandgap Semiconductor: β-Ga₂O₃ has a bandgap of ~4.9 eV, wider than SiC (3.3 eV) and GaN (3.4 eV). This provides advantages for high-voltage and high-temperature power electronics applications.

• High Critical Electric Field: β-Ga₂O₃ has a higher critical electric field (~8 MV/cm) than SiC and GaN.

• Optical Transparency: Its transparency to UV light makes it valuable for deep UV optoelectronic applications.

• Amphoteric Behavior: Gallium oxide reacts with both acids and bases (amphoteric oxide).

• High Purity Requirement: Electronic and optical applications require high purity (>99.9%).

• Powder Hazard: Fine powder form may cause respiratory tract irritation. Dust control measures must be taken.

BEST PRACTICE RECOMMENDATIONS:

• Storage:

  • Store in a cool, dry, and well-ventilated area.

  • Use moisture-proof, tightly closed containers.

  • Keep away from acids and oxidizing agents.

  • Store at room temperature (15-25°C).

• Handling:

  • Use in well-ventilated areas with local exhaust ventilation.

  • Use a dust mask (N95 or better), protective goggles, and gloves.

  • Avoid dust formation and inhalation.

  • Wash hands thoroughly after handling.

  • For dissolution in acids, add oxide to acid slowly with cooling and stirring.

  • Use vacuum or inert atmosphere for epitaxial growth processes.

• Waste Management:

  • Dispose of in accordance with local regulations.

  • Do not discharge into water sources.

  • For large quantities, gallium recovery should be considered (valuable metal).

LEGAL DISCLAIMER
This Technical Data Sheet (TDS) is for informational purposes only and has been prepared based on available technical data. The user is solely responsible for determining the suitability of the product for their specific applications and for complying with all local, national, and international regulations. For complete safety, storage, handling, transport, disposal, and regulatory compliance information, the official Safety Data Sheet (SDS/MSDS) provided by the manufacturer/supplier must be consulted. This document does not substitute professional advice. Gallium oxide is a critical material for next-generation power electronics and optoelectronic applications; careful handling and storage are required due to high purity requirements.