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Send EmailNickel Oxide, Nickel Monoxide, Nickelous Oxide, Bunsenite, 1313-99-1
NICKEL OXIDE (NIO)
NICKEL OXIDE / NICKEL MONOXIDE / NICKELOUS OXIDE / BUNSENITE
1. PRODUCT IDENTIFICATION AND CHEMICAL IDENTITY
| Parameter | Information |
|---|---|
| Product Name | Nickel Oxide |
| Chemical Name | Nickel(II) Oxide, Nickel Monoxide, Nickelous Oxide |
| Other Names | Bunsenite (mineral form), C.I. 77777 (pigment code), NiO |
| CAS Number | 1313-99-1 |
| EC Number (EINECS) | 215-215-7 |
| Chemical Formula | NiO |
| Molecular Weight | 74.69 g/mol |
| Appearance | Green-black powder |
| Odor | Odorless |
| Physical State (20°C) | Solid (powder) |
2. CHEMICAL STRUCTURE
2.1. Molecular Structure
Nickel oxide is an inorganic compound of nickel and oxygen. It has a NaCl-type cubic crystal structure (bunsenite mineral structure). Nickel ions (Ni²⁺) and oxide ions (O²⁻) are present in a 1:1 ratio. It is known for its high melting point and thermal stability. It is insoluble in water but soluble in acids.
Structural Features:
NICKEL OXIDE [NiO]
|
Ni²⁺ - O²⁻ Ionic Bonds
|
+----------------+----------------+
| | |
NaCl-Type Green-Black High Thermal
Cubic Structure Powder Form Stability
2.2. Structural Properties
| Parameter | Value |
|---|---|
| Crystal Structure | NaCl-type cubic (bunsenite) |
| Chemical Formula | NiO |
| Molecular Weight | 74.69 g/mol |
| Density | 6.67 g/cm³ |
| Appearance | Green-black powder |
| Melting Point | ~1960 °C |
| Boiling Point | ~2100 °C |
| Mohs Hardness | 5.5 |
3. PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
| Property | Value | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Appearance | Green-black powder | Bunsenite crystal structure |
| Odor | Odorless | - |
| Chemical Formula | NiO | - |
| Molecular Weight | 74.69 g/mol | - |
| Density | 6.67 g/cm³ | - |
| Melting Point | ~1960 °C | - |
| Solubility in Water (25°C) | Insoluble | - |
| Solubility in Acids | Soluble | Forms nickel salts |
| Solubility in Alcohol | Insoluble | - |
| Crystal Structure | NaCl-type cubic | - |
| Thermal Stability | High | - |
| Magnetic Properties | Antiferromagnetic | - |
| Hygroscopicity | Low | - |
4. PURITY GRADES
| Parameter | Technical Grade | High Purity Grade | Battery Grade |
|---|---|---|---|
| Purity (NiO) | ≥ 99.0% | ≥ 99.5% | ≥ 99.8% |
| Nickel (Ni) Content | ≥ 78.0% | ≥ 78.5% | ≥ 78.7% |
| Cobalt (Co) | ≤ 0.5% | ≤ 0.1% | ≤ 0.05% |
| Copper (Cu) | ≤ 0.2% | ≤ 0.05% | ≤ 0.01% |
| Iron (Fe) | ≤ 0.3% | ≤ 0.1% | ≤ 0.02% |
| Calcium (Ca) | ≤ 0.1% | ≤ 0.05% | ≤ 0.01% |
| Magnesium (Mg) | ≤ 0.1% | ≤ 0.05% | ≤ 0.01% |
| Sodium (Na) | ≤ 0.1% | ≤ 0.05% | ≤ 0.01% |
| Sulfate (SO₄²⁻) | ≤ 0.5% | ≤ 0.2% | ≤ 0.1% |
| Chloride (Cl⁻) | ≤ 0.1% | ≤ 0.05% | ≤ 0.02% |
| Loss on Drying | ≤ 0.5% | ≤ 0.3% | ≤ 0.2% |
| Particle Size (D50) | 1-10 µm | 0.5-5 µm | 0.2-2 µm |
| BET Surface Area | 5-20 m²/g | 10-30 m²/g | 20-60 m²/g |
5. STABILITY AND REACTIVITY
| Parameter | Information |
|---|---|
| Chemical Stability | Stable under normal conditions; can be reduced at high temperatures. |
| Conditions to Avoid | Reducing atmosphere at high temperatures, strong acids, moisture. |
| Incompatible Materials | Strong acids, strong oxidizing agents, reducing agents (H₂, C, CO). |
| Hazardous Decomposition Products | Upon reduction at high temperatures: nickel metal; with acids: nickel salts. |
| Hazardous Polymerization | Will not occur. |
| Hygroscopicity | Low. |
5.1. Chemical Reactions
-
Reaction with Acids:
NiO + 2HCl → NiCl₂ + H₂O
NiO + 2HNO₃ → Ni(NO₃)₂ + H₂O
NiO + H₂SO₄ → NiSO₄ + H₂O -
Reduction (at High Temperature):
NiO + H₂ → Ni + H₂O
NiO + C → Ni + CO -
Thermal Decomposition: Decomposes above ~1960°C.
6. APPLICATION AREAS
6.1. Battery Production (Lithium-Ion Battery)
| Application | Function | Details |
|---|---|---|
| Cathode Precursor Production | Nickel source | NCM (Nickel-Cobalt-Manganese) and NCA (Nickel-Cobalt-Aluminum) cathode materials |
| Lithium Nickel Oxide (LiNiO₂) | Cathode material | High energy density batteries |
| Nickel Hydroxide Production | Intermediate | Battery-grade nickel salts |
6.2. Ceramic and Pigment Industry
| Application | Function | Details |
|---|---|---|
| Ceramic Pigments | Colorant | Green tones, high temperature stability |
| Glass Additive | Colorant | Green coloring in glass and enamels |
| Glaze Additive | Glaze modifier | Used in ceramic glazes |
6.3. Catalyst Production
| Application | Function | Details |
|---|---|---|
| Industrial Catalyst | Catalytic activity | Hydrogenation and oxidation reactions |
| Catalyst Carrier | Support material | As carrier for other metals |
6.4. Metallurgy and Electronics
| Application | Function | Details |
|---|---|---|
| Metallurgical Intermediate | Nickel source | Intermediate in nickel metal production |
| Ferrite Production | Magnetic material | Nickel ferrite and other magnetic materials |
| Electronic Components | Ceramic capacitors | MLCC (Multilayer Ceramic Capacitors) |
6.5. Sectoral Suitability Table
| Sector | Suitability | Explanation |
|---|---|---|
| Battery Production | Suitable | Cathode precursor (NCM/NCA) production |
| Ceramic Pigment | Suitable | Green pigment, high temperature stability |
| Catalyst | Suitable | Industrial catalyst and carrier |
| Metallurgy | Suitable | Intermediate in nickel metal production |
| Electronics | Suitable | MLCC and ferrite production |
| Food | Not Suitable | Heavy metal, prohibited |
| Cosmetics | Not Suitable | Heavy metal, prohibited |
7. PRODUCTION PROCESS
| Stage | Process | Description |
|---|---|---|
| 1. Raw Material Preparation | Nickel carbonate or hydroxide | High purity nickel compounds |
| 2. Thermal Decomposition | Calcination | Thermal decomposition at 400-800°C |
| 3. Oxidation | Nickel metal oxidation | Oxidation with air at high temperature |
| 4. Milling | Powdering | Milling to desired particle size |
| 5. Purification | Chemical treatments | Removal of impurities |
| 6. Quality Control | Analysis and testing | ICP-OES, XRD, BET surface area |
7.1. Major Producing Countries
| Country | Description |
|---|---|
| China | Major producer |
| Russia | Nickel mining and production |
| Canada | Nickel mining and production |
8. ALTERNATIVE / SUBSTITUTE PRODUCTS
| Alternative | Description | When to Use |
|---|---|---|
| Nickel Carbonate | Pigments and catalysts | Applications avoiding acidic reactions |
| Nickel Sulfate | Solution-based precursor | When liquid form of nickel is required |
| Nickel Hydroxide | Battery precursor | Lithium-ion battery cathode production |
| Cobalt Oxide | Alternative metal oxide | Cobalt-based applications |
| Iron Oxide | Low-cost alternative | Magnetic and pigment applications |
9. SAFETY AND TOXICOLOGY
| Parameter | Value |
|---|---|
| Acute Oral Toxicity (LD50, Rat) | > 500 mg/kg (toxic) |
| Dermal Toxicity | Low |
| Skin Irritation | Irritant |
| Eye Irritation | Serious irritant |
| Inhalation | Dust inhalation may cause respiratory tract irritation and sensitization. |
| Carcinogenicity | Category 1A (Carcinogenic) |
| Mutagenicity | May be mutagenic |
| Chronic Effects | Lung diseases, skin sensitization, nickel allergy |
| Environmental Hazards | Very toxic to aquatic life; high bioaccumulation potential |
9.1. GHS Classification
| Hazard Class | Category | H-Statement |
|---|---|---|
| Carcinogenicity | Category 1A | H350: May cause cancer |
| Respiratory Sensitizer | Category 1 | H334: May cause allergy or asthma symptoms or breathing difficulties if inhaled |
| Specific Target Organ Toxicity | Category 1 | H372: Causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure |
| Hazardous to the Aquatic Environment | Category 1 | H410: Very toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects |
| Skin Sensitizer | Category 1 | H317: May cause allergic skin reaction |
| Acute Toxicity | Category 4 | H302: Harmful if swallowed |
Signal Word: DANGER
Hazard Pictograms: GHS06 (Toxic), GHS08 (Health Hazard), GHS09 (Environment)
10. PRECAUTIONARY STATEMENTS (P-CODES)
| Code | Statement |
|---|---|
| P201 | Obtain special instructions before use |
| P202 | Do not handle until all safety precautions have been read and understood |
| P260 | Do not breathe dust |
| P264 | Wash thoroughly after handling |
| P270 | Do not eat, drink or smoke when using this product |
| P271 | Use only in well-ventilated areas |
| P280 | Wear protective gloves/eye protection/face protection |
| P284 | Wear respiratory protection |
| P302+P352 | IF ON SKIN: Wash with plenty of soap and water |
| P304+P340 | IF INHALED: Remove person to fresh air and keep comfortable for breathing |
| P308+P313 | IF exposed or concerned: Get medical advice/attention |
| P342+P311 | If experiencing respiratory symptoms: Call a POISON CENTER or doctor |
| P391 | Collect spillage |
| P405 | Store locked up |
| P501 | Dispose of contents/container in accordance with local regulations |
11. FIRST AID MEASURES
| Exposure Route | Action to Take |
|---|---|
| Inhalation | Remove to fresh air. If symptoms persist, seek medical attention. |
| Skin Contact | Wash with plenty of soap and water. Remove contaminated clothing. If irritation persists, seek medical attention. |
| Eye Contact | Rinse thoroughly with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes. Remove contact lenses. If irritation persists, seek medical attention. |
| Ingestion | Rinse mouth. Do not induce vomiting. Drink plenty of water. If large amount is swallowed, seek medical attention. |
12. STORAGE AND SHELF LIFE
| Parameter | Condition |
|---|---|
| Storage Conditions | Store in a cool, dry, and well-ventilated area. Protect from moisture. |
| Container Requirements | Tightly closed containers, dry environment. |
| Temperature | Room temperature (15-25°C). |
| Shelf Life | 24-36 months under appropriate conditions. |
| Stability Note | Stable under normal conditions; keep away from acids and reducing agents. |
13. PACKAGING OPTIONS
| Packaging Type | Quantity | Material |
|---|---|---|
| Bag | 25 kg | PE-lined kraft bag, moisture-proof |
| Drum | 50 kg | HDPE drum, moisture-proof |
| IBC (Intermediate Bulk Container) | 1000 kg | Moisture-proof, palletized |
14. TRANSPORT INFORMATION
| Parameter | Information |
|---|---|
| UN Number | 3077 (Environmentally hazardous substance) |
| Hazard Class | 9 (Miscellaneous dangerous substances) |
| Packing Group | III |
| ADR/RID | Regulated |
| IMDG | Regulated |
| IATA | Regulated |
| HS Code | 2825.40.00.00.00 (Nickel oxides) |
15. REGULATORY STATUS
| Region / Authority | Status |
|---|---|
| European Union (REACH) | Registered; carcinogenic, respiratory sensitizer |
| Turkey (KKDIK) | Compliance required |
| TSCA (USA) | Registered |
| CLP/GHS | Carcinogen Category 1A, Respiratory Sensitizer Category 1 |
| HS Code | 2825.40.00.00.00 |
| ADR/RID | UN 3077, Class 9, Packing Group III |
16. OTHER NAMES AND SYNONYMS
| Name | Description |
|---|---|
| Nickel Monoxide | Chemical name |
| Nickelous Oxide | Chemical name |
| Bunsenite | Mineral form |
| C.I. 77777 | Pigment code name |
| NiO | Abbreviation |
| Green Nickel Oxide | Trade name |
| Nickel(II) Oxide | Chemical name |
17. QUICK REFERENCE TABLE
| Property | Value |
|---|---|
| CAS Number | 1313-99-1 |
| EC Number | 215-215-7 |
| Chemical Formula | NiO |
| Molecular Weight | 74.69 g/mol |
| Appearance | Green-black powder |
| Density | 6.67 g/cm³ |
| Melting Point | ~1960 °C |
| Purity | 99% – 99.99% |
| Crystal Structure | NaCl-type cubic |
| UN Number | 3077 |
| HS Code | 2825.40.00.00.00 |
| GHS Signal Word | DANGER |
18. CRITICAL WARNINGS AND BEST PRACTICES
CRITICAL WARNINGS:
-
Carcinogenic and Toxic: Nickel oxide is classified as Carcinogen Category 1A (H350) under GHS. It is a respiratory sensitizer. Exposure must be minimized.
-
Environmental Hazard: Very toxic to aquatic life (H410). Release into water sources must be strictly prevented.
-
Respiratory Hazard: Dust inhalation may cause respiratory tract irritation and sensitization. Appropriate respiratory protection must be used.
-
Skin Sensitization: Nickel is a common allergen. Skin contact may cause allergic reactions.
-
Incompatibility: Reacts with strong acids and reducing agents. Care must be taken during storage and handling.
BEST PRACTICE RECOMMENDATIONS:
-
Storage:
-
Store in a cool, dry, and well-ventilated area.
-
Use moisture-proof, tightly closed containers.
-
Keep away from acids and reducing agents.
-
Store at room temperature (15-25°C).
-
-
Handling:
-
Use only in well-ventilated areas or under a fume hood.
-
Use a dust mask (P3 filter), protective goggles, and chemically resistant gloves.
-
Avoid dust formation and inhalation.
-
Wash hands thoroughly after handling.
-
Remove contaminated clothing and wash before reuse.
-
-
Waste Management:
-
Dispose of in accordance with local regulations.
-
Do not discharge into water sources.
-
For large quantities, nickel recovery should be considered (valuable metal).
-
LEGAL DISCLAIMER
This Technical Data Sheet (TDS) is for informational purposes only and has been prepared based on available technical data. The user is solely responsible for determining the suitability of the product for their specific applications and for complying with all local, national, and international regulations. For complete safety, storage, handling, transport, disposal, and regulatory compliance information, the official Safety Data Sheet (SDS/MSDS) provided by the manufacturer/supplier must be consulted. This document does not substitute professional advice. Nickel oxide is a carcinogenic and environmentally hazardous substance; strict safety measures must be taken during handling and transport.
