Neodymium-Iron-Boron Alloy, Neodymium Magnet, NdFeB Magnet

Neodymium-Iron-Boron Alloy, Neodymium Magnet, NdFeB Magnet

NEODYMIUM-IRON-BORON ALLOY (NdFeB)
NEODYMIUM MAGNET / NDFEB MAGNET
1. PRODUCT IDENTIFICATION AND CHEMICAL IDENTITY

2. CHEMICAL STRUCTURE
2.1. Molecular Structure
Neodymium-Iron-Boron (NdFeB) alloy is the strongest commercially available permanent magnet material in the world. The magnetic phase is Nd₂Fe₁₄B with a tetragonal crystal structure. Neodymium (Nd) provides magnetic anisotropy (unpaired 4f electrons), while iron (Fe) provides high magnetization (unpaired 3d electrons). Boron (B) stabilizes the crystal structure. The alloy is hard and brittle; prone to fracture.

Structural Features:

                    NEODYMIUM-IRON-BORON ALLOY [Nd₂Fe₁₄B]
                          |
                Nd₂Fe₁₄B Tetragonal Crystal Structure
                          |
        +----------------+----------------+
        |                |                |
    Nd Magnetic      Fe High         B Crystal
    Anisotropy       Magnetization   Stabilizer

2.2. Structural Properties

3. PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

3.1. NdFeB Magnet Grades and Properties

Sintered NdFeB magnets are available in various performance grades:

High Temperature Grades (H, SH, UH, EH): Higher Hcj (≥1353 to ≥2388 kA/m) for operating temperatures up to 200°C+.

4. STABILITY AND REACTIVITY

4.1. Chemical Reactions

• Oxidation (in Humid Air):
  4Nd + 3O₂ → 2Nd₂O₃
  4Fe + 3O₂ → 2Fe₂O₃

• Reaction with Acids:
  2Nd + 6HCl → 2NdCl₃ + 3H₂↑
  Fe + 2HCl → FeCl₂ + H₂↑

5. PRODUCTION PROCESS

5.1. Major Producing Countries and Companies

6. APPLICATION AREAS
6.1. Primary Applications

6.2. Sectoral Suitability Table

7. COMPARISON WITH OTHER MAGNET MATERIALS

8. ALTERNATIVE / SUBSTITUTE PRODUCTS

9. SAFETY AND TOXICOLOGY

9.1. GHS Classification (Final Magnet Product)

9.2. Safety Precautions

10. STORAGE AND SHELF LIFE

11. PACKAGING OPTIONS

12. TRANSPORT INFORMATION

13. REGULATORY STATUS

14. OTHER NAMES AND SYNONYMS

Database Identifiers:

• CAS: 7440-00-8 (Neodymium metal)

• HS Code: 8505.11.00.00.00

15. QUICK REFERENCE TABLE

16. CRITICAL WARNINGS AND BEST PRACTICES

CRITICAL WARNINGS:

• Corrosion Susceptibility: NdFeB magnets have the weakest corrosion resistance among common magnetic materials. Protective coatings (Ni, Zn, epoxy, gold) are required for most applications.

• Brittleness: The material is hard and brittle. Handle carefully to avoid fracture or chipping.

• Strong Magnetic Fields: Magnets produce extremely strong magnetic fields. Keep away from electronic devices, credit cards, and pacemakers. Use non-magnetic tools for handling.

• Coating Options: Common coatings include nickel (Ni), zinc (Zn), tin (Sn), gold (Au), and epoxy resin.

• Temperature Limitations: Standard N-grade magnets operate up to 80°C. For higher temperatures, select high Hcj grades (H, SH, UH, EH).

• Critical Raw Material: Neodymium is classified as a critical raw material by many countries due to supply chain concerns.

• Ingestion Hazard: Small magnets pose an ingestion hazard for children; swallowing multiple magnets can cause serious internal injury.

BEST PRACTICE RECOMMENDATIONS:

• Storage:

  • Store in a cool, dry, and well-ventilated area.

  • Ensure a dry, moisture-free environment.

  • Keep away from acids and oxidizing agents.

  • Store at room temperature (15-25°C).

• Handling:

  • If in powder form, use in well-ventilated areas.

  • Use a dust mask (N95 or better), protective goggles, and gloves.

  • Avoid dust formation and inhalation.

  • Wash hands thoroughly after handling.

  • Use non-magnetic tools when handling magnetized parts.

  • Do not leave uncoated magnets in humid environments.

  • Be careful of sliding or snapping hazards when separating magnets.

• Waste Management:

  • Dispose of in accordance with local regulations.

  • Do not discharge into water sources.

  • For large quantities, rare earth recovery should be considered (valuable metal).

LEGAL DISCLAIMER
This Technical Data Sheet (TDS) is for informational purposes only and has been prepared based on available technical data. The user is solely responsible for determining the suitability of the product for their specific applications and for complying with all local, national, and international regulations. For complete safety, storage, handling, transport, disposal, and regulatory compliance information, the official Safety Data Sheet (SDS/MSDS) provided by the manufacturer/supplier must be consulted. This document does not substitute professional advice. NdFeB magnets are the strongest permanent magnets in the world; they require protective coating and proper storage; they must be handled with care due to strong magnetic fields.