We unleash your business potential by maximize the business innovation.
Send EmailCalcium Pyruvate, Calcium 2-oxopropanoate, 52009-14-0
Calcium Pyruvate (Calcium 2-Oxopropanoate)
CAS Number: 52009-14-0
Chemical Formula: C₆H₆CaO₆
Molecular Weight: 214.19 g/mol
Synonyms: Calcium 2-Oxopropanoate, Pyruvic Acid Calcium Salt, Propanoic acid, 2-oxo-, calcium salt, Calcium pyruvate anhydrous, Calcium bis(2-oxopropanoate), Calcium Pyruvate
1. CHEMICAL IDENTITY
| Parameter | Information |
|---|---|
| Product Name | Calcium Pyruvate |
| IUPAC Name | Calcium bis(2-oxopropanoate) |
| CAS Number | 52009-14-0 |
| Chemical Formula | C₆H₆CaO₆ |
| Molecular Weight | 214.19 g/mol |
| Chemical Class | Organic calcium salt, Pyruvate salt |
| Synonyms | Calcium 2-Oxopropanoate, Pyruvic Acid Calcium Salt, Propanoic acid, 2-oxo-, calcium salt, Calcium pyruvate anhydrous, Calcium bis(2-oxopropanoate) |
2. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
| Parameter | Value |
|---|---|
| Physical State (20°C) | Solid |
| Color | White to off-white |
| Appearance | Crystalline powder |
| Odor | Characteristic |
| Melting Point | >245 °C (decomposes) |
| Solubility in Water | Slightly soluble (improves with heating) |
| Solubility in Alcohol | Very slightly soluble |
| Log P | -1.24 (high polarity) |
| pH (1% solution) | 6.5 – 7.5 (neutral) |
| Stability | Stable under normal conditions; store in dry, inert atmosphere (nitrogen) |
| Hygroscopicity | Low to moderate |
3. SOLUBILITY PROPERTIES
| Solvent | Solubility |
|---|---|
| Water | Slightly soluble (improves with heating) |
| Ethanol | Very slightly soluble |
| Methanol | Very slightly soluble |
| Acetone | Insoluble |
| Organic Solvents | Insoluble |
4. CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
| Parameter | Information |
|---|---|
| Calcium Content | ~18.7% (theoretical; ~18-19% in product) |
| Pyruvate Content | ~81.3% (theoretical; ~78-82% in product) |
| Ratio (Pyruvate:Calcium) | 2:1 (two pyruvate molecules per calcium ion) |
| pH (1% solution) | 6.5 – 7.5 (neutral) |
| Stability | Stable under normal conditions |
| Hydrolysis | Slowly hydrolyzes in strong acidic or basic conditions |
| Reduction | Pyruvate can be reduced to lactate (lactic acid) |
| Oxidative Decarboxylation | Pyruvate converts to Acetyl-CoA → enters TCA cycle |
| CO₂ Release | Weak oxidants convert pyruvate to acetate with CO₂ release |
5. TYPICAL PRODUCT SPECIFICATIONS
| Parameter | Specification | Test Method |
|---|---|---|
| Assay (Calcium Pyruvate, dried basis) | ≥ 98.0% | HPLC / Titration |
| Calcium Content | 18.0 – 19.5% | Titration / AAS |
| Pyruvate Content | 78-82% (as is) | HPLC |
| Moisture | ≤ 5.0% | Karl Fischer |
| pH (1% solution, 25°C) | 6.5 – 7.5 | Potentiometric |
| Heavy Metals (as Pb) | ≤ 10 ppm | AAS/ICP |
| Arsenic (As) | ≤ 1.5 ppm | AAS |
| Lead (Pb) | ≤ 1.5 ppm | AAS |
| Cadmium (Cd) | ≤ 1.0 ppm | AAS |
| Mercury (Hg) | ≤ 0.1 ppm | AAS |
| Chloride (Cl) | ≤ 0.05% | Titration |
| Sulfate (SO₄) | ≤ 0.05% | Gravimetric |
| Loss on Drying | ≤ 5.0% | Gravimetric |
| Residue on Ignition | (as CaO) | Gravimetric |
| Particle Size | 100% through 40 mesh | Sieve analysis |
| Appearance | White to off-white crystalline powder | Visual |
6. PRODUCTION PROCESS
| Step | Description |
|---|---|
| Raw Materials | Pyruvic Acid + Calcium Hydroxide or Calcium Carbonate or Calcium Oxide |
| Reaction Type | Acid-base neutralization / Salt formation |
| Reaction | 2 CH₃COCOOH + Ca(OH)₂ → (CH₃COCOO)₂Ca + 2 H₂O |
| Alternative | Pyruvic acid from microbial fermentation (natural source) |
| Purification | Crystallization, filtration |
| Drying | Vacuum drying under controlled conditions |
| Milling | Milled to desired particle size |
Simplified Reaction:
2 Pyruvic Acid + Calcium Hydroxide → Calcium Pyruvate + Water
7. MECHANISM OF ACTION
| Component | Mechanism | Effect |
|---|---|---|
| Pyruvate (2 molecules) | Enters TCA cycle (Krebs cycle) → ATP production (cellular energy) | Enhanced energy metabolism; reduced fatigue |
| Pyruvate (Antioxidant) | Neutralizes reactive oxygen species (ROS) | Reduced oxidative stress; antioxidant protection |
| Pyruvate (Lactate Buffer) | Pyruvate + NADH ↔ Lactate + NAD⁺ | Buffers lactate accumulation; reduces muscle acidosis |
| Calcium (Ca²⁺) | Essential for bone health, muscle contraction, nerve transmission, blood clotting | Supports bone density; muscle function; cardiovascular health |
Key Point: Calcium pyruvate provides both the energy-supporting benefits of pyruvate and the essential mineral calcium in a single, neutral-pH salt.
8. FUNCTIONAL PROPERTIES
| Function | Description |
|---|---|
| Energy Metabolism | Pyruvate enters TCA cycle (Krebs cycle) → ATP production (cellular energy) |
| Lactate Buffering | Pyruvate + NADH ↔ Lactate + NAD⁺; reduces muscle acidosis during intense exercise |
| Antioxidant | Pyruvate neutralizes free radicals (reactive oxygen species, peroxides) |
| Calcium Supplement | Provides calcium (18-19%) for bone health, muscle function, nerve transmission |
| Fat Metabolism | May support fat oxidation and weight management |
| pH Buffer | Neutral pH (6.5-7.5) – suitable for oral formulations |
9. APPLICATIONS – DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS (Weight Management & Energy)
| Application | Function | Typical Daily Dose |
|---|---|---|
| Weight Management | Supports fat metabolism; may increase metabolic rate | 1,000 – 5,000 mg |
| Energy Support | Pyruvate for ATP production (TCA cycle) | 500 – 3,000 mg |
| Metabolic Health | Supports carbohydrate and fat metabolism | 1,000 – 3,000 mg |
| Calcium Supplement | Provides bioavailable calcium (18-19%) | 500 – 1,000 mg (as calcium pyruvate) |
| Appetite Control | May reduce appetite (clinical studies) | 1,000 – 3,000 mg before meals |
10. APPLICATIONS – SPORTS NUTRITION
| Application | Function | Typical Dose |
|---|---|---|
| Endurance Supplements | Buffers lactate; delays fatigue; supports aerobic energy production | 1,000 – 5,000 mg |
| Pre-Workout | Energy support (pyruvate); reduces muscle acidosis | 1,000 – 3,000 mg |
| Post-Workout Recovery | Replenishes calcium; supports ATP regeneration; reduces oxidative stress | 1,000 – 3,000 mg |
| Weight Loss (Athletes) | Supports fat metabolism during calorie restriction | 2,000 – 5,000 mg |
Synergistic Combinations:
-
Calcium Pyruvate + L-Carnitine – Enhanced fat metabolism
-
Calcium Pyruvate + Chromium – Blood sugar support
-
Calcium Pyruvate + B-Vitamins – Co-factors for energy metabolism
11. APPLICATIONS – PHARMACEUTICAL AND CLINICAL
| Application | Function | Status |
|---|---|---|
| Cardioprotective | Antioxidant; may reduce oxidative stress in heart | Research stage |
| Antioxidant Therapy | Reduces oxidative stress; free radical scavenger | Research stage |
| Metabolic Syndrome | May improve insulin sensitivity; support weight loss | Clinical studies |
| Bone Health | Provides calcium for bone density | Supplement use |
| Diabetes Support | May improve glucose metabolism | Limited research |
12. APPLICATIONS – FOOD TECHNOLOGY
| Application | Function | Typical Use Level |
|---|---|---|
| Fermented Foods | Natural flavor component (slightly sour) | As required |
| Functional Foods | Fortification with calcium + pyruvate | As required |
| Beverages | Energy and weight management drinks | 0.5 – 2% |
| Bakery Products | Nutritional fortification | As required |
13. APPLICATIONS – COSMETICS
| Application | Function | Typical Concentration |
|---|---|---|
| Anti-Aging Creams | Antioxidant; free radical scavenger | 0.5 – 2.0% |
| Cell Regeneration | Supports cell renewal and repair | 0.5 – 1.0% |
| Skin Brightening | May reduce oxidative damage | 0.5 – 1.0% |
14. APPLICATIONS – VETERINARY AND ANIMAL FEED
| Application | Function | Typical Inclusion Rate |
|---|---|---|
| Poultry | Supports immune function; gut health | 0.1 – 0.5% of feed |
| Swine | Growth promotion; immune support | 0.1 – 0.5% of feed |
| Aquaculture | Stress resistance; growth | 0.1 – 0.3% of feed |
| Companion Animals | Weight management; energy support | 100 – 500 mg/day |
15. COMPARISON: CALCIUM PYRUVATE vs. SODIUM PYRUVATE
| Property | Calcium Pyruvate | Sodium Pyruvate |
|---|---|---|
| CAS Number | 52009-14-0 | 113-24-6 |
| Molecular Formula | C₆H₆CaO₆ | C₃H₃NaO₃ |
| Molecular Weight | 214.19 g/mol | 110.04 g/mol |
| Pyruvate Content | ~78-82% | ~80-85% |
| Metal Content | Ca ~18-19% | Na ~21% |
| pH (1% solution) | 6.5-7.5 (neutral) | 7.0-8.0 (basic) |
| Sodium Concern | None | Yes (may increase blood pressure) |
| Primary Use | Weight management, calcium supplement | Cell culture, research |
| Solubility | Slightly soluble | Highly soluble |
Key Advantage: Calcium pyruvate does not contribute sodium (unlike sodium pyruvate), making it suitable for low-sodium diets and hypertension patients.
16. COMPARISON: CALCIUM PYRUVATE vs. MAGNESIUM PYRUVATE
| Property | Calcium Pyruvate | Magnesium Pyruvate |
|---|---|---|
| Metal Content | Ca ~18-19% | Mg ~12% |
| Primary Use | Weight management, calcium supplement | Magnesium supplement + energy |
| Bone Health | Yes (calcium) | No (indirect) |
| Muscle Function | Calcium (contraction) | Magnesium (relaxation) |
| Best For | Weight loss, bone health | Energy, muscle cramps, Mg deficiency |
17. COMPARISON: CALCIUM PYRUVATE vs. OTHER CALCIUM FORMS
| Property | Calcium Pyruvate | Calcium Citrate | Calcium Carbonate | Calcium Lactate | Calcium Malate |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Calcium Content | ~18% | ~21% | ~40% | ~13% | ~15-18% |
| Bioavailability | High | Very High | Low (needs acid) | High | High |
| Solubility | Slightly soluble | Moderate | Poor | Moderate | Good |
| pH (1% solution) | 6.5-7.5 (neutral) | Acidic (~3.5) | Alkaline (~9) | Acidic (~4) | Acidic (~4) |
| Gastric Tolerance | Excellent | Good | Poor (needs food) | Good | Good |
| Additional Benefits | Pyruvate (energy, antioxidant) | None | None | None | Malate (energy) |
| Cost | Higher | Moderate | Low | Moderate | Higher |
Key Advantage: Calcium pyruvate provides both calcium and pyruvate (energy, antioxidant) in a single, neutral-pH compound.
18. CLINICAL STUDIES AND EVIDENCE
| Study Focus | Key Findings |
|---|---|
| Weight Management | Calcium pyruvate (5-6 g/day) with exercise showed modest weight loss and fat loss compared to placebo |
| Exercise Performance | Pyruvate supplementation (5-10 g/day) may improve endurance and reduce perceived exertion |
| Cardioprotective | Pyruvate has antioxidant properties; may protect against oxidative stress in cardiac tissue |
| Calcium Bioavailability | Calcium pyruvate has comparable bioavailability to calcium citrate |
Note: Clinical evidence is limited; more studies are needed for definitive conclusions.
19. RECOMMENDED DOSAGE
| User Type | Daily Dose | Timing | Duration |
|---|---|---|---|
| Weight Management | 2,000 – 5,000 mg | 30-60 min before meals | 8-12 weeks |
| Sports Performance | 1,000 – 3,000 mg | Pre-workout | 4-8 weeks |
| General Health | 500 – 1,000 mg | Any time | Ongoing |
| Calcium Supplement | 500 – 1,000 mg (as calcium pyruvate) | With meals | Ongoing |
Elemental Calcium Calculation:
Calcium Pyruvate (214.19 g/mol) contains ~18.7% elemental calcium.
-
500 mg Calcium Pyruvate = ~93 mg elemental Ca
-
1,000 mg Calcium Pyruvate = ~187 mg elemental Ca
-
2,000 mg Calcium Pyruvate = ~374 mg elemental Ca
20. SUMMARY AND CRITICAL INFORMATION
Description: Calcium Pyruvate (Calcium 2-Oxopropanoate, CAS 52009-14-0) is the calcium salt of pyruvic acid, formed by neutralization of pyruvic acid with calcium hydroxide, calcium carbonate, or calcium oxide. It is a white to off-white crystalline powder with a neutral pH (6.5-7.5 in 1% solution). Calcium pyruvate contains approximately 18-19% elemental calcium and 78-82% pyruvate. It is slightly soluble in water (improves with heating) and stable under proper storage conditions (dry, inert atmosphere).
Key Advantages:
-
Provides both calcium (~18-19%) and pyruvate (~78-82%) in a single compound
-
Neutral pH (6.5-7.5) – good gastric tolerance
-
No sodium contribution (unlike sodium pyruvate) – suitable for low-sodium diets
-
Pyruvate supports energy metabolism (TCA cycle) and provides antioxidant activity
-
Calcium supports bone health, muscle contraction, nerve transmission
-
May support weight management and fat metabolism
-
Comparable calcium bioavailability to calcium citrate
Key Limitations/Considerations:
-
Slightly water-soluble (improves with heating; lower than sodium pyruvate)
-
Lower calcium content than calcium carbonate (~18% vs. 40%)
-
Higher cost than calcium carbonate or calcium lactate
-
Limited clinical research compared to other calcium forms
-
Slightly hygroscopic (requires dry storage)
Major Applications Summary:
| Sector | Primary Uses |
|---|---|
| Dietary Supplements | Weight management, energy support, calcium supplementation |
| Sports Nutrition | Endurance, pre-workout energy, lactate buffering |
| Pharmaceutical (Research) | Cardioprotective, antioxidant therapy (research stage) |
| Food Technology | Functional foods, beverages, fermented foods |
| Cosmetics | Anti-aging creams, antioxidant formulations |
| Veterinary/Animal Feed | Immune support, gut health, growth promotion |
Comparison to Other Pyruvate Forms:
| Property | Calcium Pyruvate | Sodium Pyruvate | Magnesium Pyruvate |
|---|---|---|---|
| Metal Content | Ca ~18-19% | Na ~21% | Mg ~12% |
| pH (1% solution) | 6.5-7.5 (neutral) | 7.0-8.0 (basic) | 6.5-7.5 (neutral) |
| Sodium Concern | None | Yes | None |
| Primary Use | Weight management, calcium | Cell culture, research | Mg supplement + energy |
Comparison to Other Calcium Forms:
| Property | Calcium Pyruvate | Calcium Citrate | Calcium Carbonate |
|---|---|---|---|
| Calcium Content | ~18% | ~21% | ~40% |
| Bioavailability | High | Very High | Low (needs acid) |
| Gastric Tolerance | Excellent | Good | Poor (needs food) |
| Additional Benefits | Pyruvate (energy, antioxidant) | None | None |
Typical Dosage:
| Application | Daily Dose | Elemental Calcium |
|---|---|---|
| Weight management | 2,000 – 5,000 mg | 374 – 935 mg |
| Sports performance | 1,000 – 3,000 mg | 187 – 561 mg |
| Calcium supplement | 500 – 1,000 mg | 93 – 187 mg |
Safety Summary:
-
Low acute toxicity
-
Generally safe at recommended doses (1-5 g/day)
-
Neutral pH – good gastric tolerance
-
Not prohibited in sports (WADA compliant)
-
May cause mild gastrointestinal discomfort at high doses
Storage: Dry, inert atmosphere (nitrogen), room temperature; 24 months shelf life.
Conclusion: Calcium Pyruvate is a dual-action supplement that combines the essential mineral calcium (for bone health, muscle contraction, nerve transmission) with pyruvate (a key intermediate in cellular energy metabolism with antioxidant properties). Its neutral pH provides good gastric tolerance, and it contains no sodium (unlike sodium pyruvate), making it suitable for low-sodium diets. Calcium pyruvate is used primarily in weight management supplements (supporting fat metabolism), sports nutrition (endurance, pre-workout energy), and calcium supplementation. While it has lower calcium content than calcium carbonate and higher cost than other calcium forms, its dual benefits (calcium + pyruvate) and good bioavailability make it a valuable ingredient for premium nutritional supplements, particularly for weight management and energy support formulations.
